Physical

Education
Gymnastics
Ms. Mylene B. Cagalpin
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 Table of Contents.

02 – Great
01- History of Contributors in the 03 –Objectives
Development of of Gymnastics
Gymnastics Gymnastics

04 -Systematic 05 – Five 06 – Phases of

Form o Physical Components of Gymnastics
Fitness in
Exercise Program
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Gymnastics
 The word stems from the Greek word gymnos, or “naked,”—
appropriate, since the youths trained in the nude, performing
floor exercises, lifting weights, and racing one another.
Gymnastics combine physical skills, such as body control,
coordination, flexibility, and strength with tumbling and in an
artistic manner.
This activity is performed by both men and woman at all
levels, from local clubs and universities to elite competitions
such as the Olympics.
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 Great Contributors in the Development of Gymnastics

Johann Basedow (1722-

1790)
-Introduced gymnastics into
the program of instruction in
the school.
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 Johann Guts Muths (1759-
1839)
-Great grandfather of
gymnastics and wrote the
first book “Gymnastics for
the Youth”.
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 Pehr Ling (1776-1839)
-Invented the stall bars
and the vaulting box. He
was the first to
appreciate corrective
value of gymnastics.
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 Freidrich Jahn (1778-
1852)
-Known as the father
of gymnastics and
started the Turverein
movement.
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 Adolf Spiess (1810-
1858)
-Introduced
marching and
freehand exercises
with music.
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 Franz Nechtegale
(1772-1847)
-Started the first
school for training
gymnastics
teachers.
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 Dr. Dudley Sargeant
-The first American
contributors to
gymnastics.
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 Francisca Reyes
Aquino
-Together with
Director Candido
Bartolome, they
started gymnastics
in the Philippines.
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 Objectives of Gymnastics
1. Improve and maintain a physically fit body.
2. Improve efficiently of movement through
grace, poise, dignity, form and rhythm.
3. Improve social development like courage,
initiative, determination, and perseverance.
4. Correction of minor posture defects.
5. Stimulate enjoyment and interest in
gymnastics.
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 Systematic Form of
Physical Exercise
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― Irene M. Pepperberg
  Therapeutic or Remedial
Gymnastics

- is a series of selected exercises that helps

relieve physical discomfort or restore
function to disabled people
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 Educational Gymnastics

- is a program that challenges

students to master tactics involving
strength, rhythm, flexibility, balance
and agility.
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 Competitive Gymnastics
- consists of prescribed sets of events for
men and women, each of which is
scored separately in order to determine
the winner.
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 5 Components of Fitness in Gymnastics
Body Composition
Body composition, a necessary fitness component of gymnastics, is the
association between fat, muscle and bone within the body.
Flexibility
Another important component of fitness in gymnastics includes flexibility, the
ability to move a joint through a complete range of motion. 
Muscular Strength
Muscular strength, the maximum force exerted by a single muscle or muscle
group, plays a critical role in executing advanced gymnastics skills. 

Muscular Endurance
Muscular endurance, the ability of a muscle to exert force repeatedly, acts as a critical
component during a gymnastics competition.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the fitness component that enables the heart, blood
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vessels and lungs to transport nutrients and oxygen to the gymnast’s working muscles
 Phases of Gymnastics
Program
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 1. Conditioning Program
-the exercises are selected for the purpose of
preparing the body for more complicated
movement and skills. Exercises for warm-up can
also be selected in this phase.
2. Rhythmic Gymnastics
-routines or exercise accompanied with music
are called “rhythmic gymnastics”. They are so
called because they are performed in rhythmical
manner and the movements are flowing.
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 5 Examples of Gymnastics Conditioning Equipment
1. Balance beam: For strengthening core exercises, the  2. Dumbbells: Use kettlebells and dumbbells to
balance beam can be a valuable piece of equipment. build up the arm strength necessary to practice your
gymnastics skills.
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 3. Parallel bars: Gymnastic events utilize parallel bars, so you 1. 4. Pommel horse: A cornerstone of
should incorporate them into your conditioning if possible. competitive gymnastics, the pommel horse
can help you work out your core and arms.
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 5. Trampoline: Using this bouncy surface can make your conditioning workout easier or harder, depending on the
exercise. It’s an ideal place to try out jump-heavy plyometrics exercises.
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 7 Conditioning Exercises for Gymnasts
1. Back handsprings: This gymnastics exercise requires you to mobilize your core as you flip backward,
then use arm strength to land gracefully on your hands, and finally complete the maneuver by flipping
once more to land on your feet in one fluid motion.
2. Calf raises: Try this simple exercise when you want to exercise your lower body to improve your calf
strength.
3. Chin-ups: Similar to pull-ups, this gymnastics workout starts with you hanging from a steady bar and
lifting your chin up above it using just your arms. 
4. Handstands: There are many different styles of handstands, all of which build a huge amount of core and
arm strength.
5. Leg lifts: Lie flat on your back to work out your hip flexors, glutes, and hamstrings with this workout. 

6. Lunges: Work out your quads and lower back by lunging forward on each of your legs. 

7. Single-leg squats: Lift one leg above the ground and then squat down with the other. 
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 3. Stunts
-are activities in the form of play and they test one’s
strength, flexibility, balance, agility, endurance and
coordination.
4. Tumbling
-this is the most important phase of gymnastics program,
because this is where the ability of the performer is tested as he
rolls to and fro; twists, turns and springs about on the mat,
floor and in the air.
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 5. Apparatus Exercise (Heavy)
-this includes exercises done on the balance beam, vaulting
horse, parallel bars, rings, and the trampoline.

6. Pyramid Building
-this phase of the program makes a picture(mural) out of
body static positions. The positions should be properly arranged
and selected so that they form the shape of a pyramid.
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 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
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