GYMNASTICS

Prepared by:
Marie France Neric
Jelie Villanueva
Jewel Xian Loy
Sofia Dalenor Anastacio
Daniel Principe
Jordan Cortezano
GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics as one of the many physical activities refers to a system of physical

exercise used for therapeutic, educational and competitive purposes therapeutic
or remedial gymnastics is a series of selected exercise that help relieve physical
discomfort or restore function to disable people while educational gymnastics is
a program that challenges students to mastertactics involving strength, rhythm,
flexibility, balance and agility.
Gymnastics is one of the most valuable areas in physical education because of its total
fitness value. It deals with the skills on the floor, balance beam skills, stunts, tumbling and
the basic skills on the vault.

Gymnastics activities also improves poise, posture and coordination of

movements of an individual.
 HISTORY OF GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics as a sport activity has been around for over 2000

years. It is one of the oldest Olympic sports, and has always been part of
the ancient, as well as the modern Olympics games. The term
"gymnastics" derives from the Greek word "gymnos", meaning naked.
The following people were considered great contributors in the
development of gymnastics.

Johann Basedow (1722-1790)

- Introduced gymnastics into the program of instruction in schools.
Johann Guts Muths (1759-1839)

-Great grandfather of gymnastics and wrote the first book "Gymnastics

for the youth".
Perh Ling (1776-1839)

- Invented the stall bars and the vaulting box. He was the first to
appreciate the corrective value of gymnastics.
Freidrich Jahn (1778 - 1852)

Obverse: Bust of Freidrich Ludwig Jahn - accepted as the '

father of Gymnastics' below- "Frisch. Fromm. Frohlich. Frei"
- meaning: - Fresh, Good, Happy, and Free, the motto of his
efforts to promote gymnastics. The small shield below the bust
has 'FFFF' on it.

Reverse: Festhalle zum dritten Deutschen turnfest zu Leipzig

- "The Festival Hall of the third Gymnastics festival in Leipzig. 2.3.4.5
August 1863. Shows very detaild image of the hall.
The Basel Turnplatz of Adolf Spiesss - 1848

No liability problems here! Note the children climbing on the twenty foot tower
in the background.
Adolf Spiess (1810-1858)

-Introduced marching and freehand exercises with music.

Detail of children climbing a mast and a pole or rope.

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Franz Nechtegale (1772-1847)

-Started the first school for training gymnastics teachers.

Dr. Dudley Sargent (1849-1924)

-The first American contributor to gymnastics..

Francisca Reyes Aquino

- Together with Director Candido Bartolome, they started gymnastics in the

Philippines.
MEANING OF GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics is defined as a self-motivating activity where one can manipulate the

different parts of the body in varied movement (Diñoso, 1993).

Gymnastics is the performance of systematic exercises often with the use of light
apparatus like rings and wands and other heavy gymnastic apparatus.

It is a competitive sports in which individuals perform optional and prescribed

acrobatics, mostly on special apparatus and body control.
Objectives

The following are the essential objectives of gymnastics.

1. Improve and maintain physically-fit body.

2. Improve efficiently of movement through grace, poise, dignity, form and
rhythm.
3. Improve social development like courage, initiative, determination and
perseverance.
4. Correction of minor posture defects.
5. Stimulate enjoyment and interest in gymnastics
PHASES OF GYMNASTICS

The gymnastics program has a different phase that contributes to various elements in
gymnastics. These elements are strength, flexibility, balance, agility, coordination and
endurance.

1. Conditioning Program

The exercises are selected for the purpose of preparing the body for more
complicated movements and skills. Exercises for warm-up can also be selected in this
phase. This phase can also be considered as "Calisthenics" since routines can be
made out of the exercises in the conditioning program.
2. Rhythmic Gymnastics

Routines or exercises accompanied with music are called "Rhythmic Gymnastics". They
are so-called because they are performed in a rhythmical manner and the movements
are flowing. This phase includes the freehand exercise, and all exercises with the use of
light apparatuses such as wands, rings, hoops, ribbons, ropes, etc. Gymnastics skills,
dance skills, locomotor skills, stunts and tumbling skills are combined to form a routine
on the floor.
This is where the performer can create and develop her own routine according to her
abilities.
3. Stunts

Stunts are activities in the form of play and they test one's strength, flexibility,
balance, agility, endurance and coordination. This phase is specially suited to the
lower grades. Some stunts can be considered as conditioning exercise and still some
are preparatory stunts to tumbling skills.

4. Tumbling

This is the most important phase of the gymnastics program, because this is where
the ability of the performer is tested as he rolls to and fro; twists, turns and springs
about on the mat, floor, and in the air.
5. Apparatus Exercise (Heavy)

This includes exercises done on the balance beam, vaulting horse, parallel bars,
uneven bars, rings, and the trampoline.

6. Pyramid Building

This phase of the program makes a pictures (mural) out of body static positions. The
positions should be properly arranged and selected so that they form the shape of a
pyramid.
HELPFUL TERMS USED IN GYMNASTICS:

Agility-The ability to rapidly change the direction while maintaining dynamic balance.

Axial Movement - movements done by a part or parts of the body in place, such as bend,
lift, stretch, twist, circle, and the like.

Body Composition - the amount of lean versus fat tissues in the body.

Cardio respiratory Endurance -the body's ability to deliver oxygen to all of its vital organs,
the most essential components of heart, blood vessels,
and lungs to deliver nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste.
Cartwheel -the move where a gymnast turns sideways from a standing position, to
handstand, and then back to a standing position.

Combative Stunts - stunts performed by two or more participants in a competition to

show strength, balance, agility, and endurance.

Composition - the way the movements in a

routine are put together.

Conditioning -exercises and activities that are used to increase strength and
performance.

Coordination - the ability to integrate the body parts to produce smooth fluid motion.
Dismount - stunts used to get off the apparatus.

Dual Stunts - stunts performed by two persons.

Execution - the way a gymnast performs the movements in the routine.

Exercise - a physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful for the
improvement or maintenance of one or more
components of physical fitness.

Fitness - implies soundness of such body organs as the heart and lungs, human
mechanisms that perform efficiently under exercise or work conditions, and a reasonable
measure of skill in the performance of physical activities.
Flexibility - the full range movement of a joint is important to prevent possible injury
to ligaments and tendons.

Group Stunts - stunts performed by three or more participants.

Gymnastics - a system of bodily exercises based on scientific principle.

Health-Related Fitness - aspects of physiological and psychological functioning are

believed to offer some protection against degenerative-type of diseases such as
coronary heart disease. obesity, and various musco-skeletal disorders.

Individual stunts - stunts performed by one person.

Flexibility - the full range movement of a joint is important to prevent possible injury
to ligaments and tendons.

Group Stunts - stunts performed by three or more participants.

Gymnastics - a system of bodily exercises based on scientific principle.

Health-Related Fitness - aspects of physiological and psychological functioning are

believed to offer some protection against degenerative-type of diseases such as
coronary heart disease. obesity, and various musco-skeletal disorders.

Individual stunts - stunts performed by one person.

Locomotor Movement - performed to move from one place to another as walk, run,
hop, skip, gallop and similar activities.

Muscular Strength - refers to the amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert.

Nutrition - the basic need of an individual to be physically fit in terms of food and
other nourishment.

Performance-Related fitness - the ability of the neuromuscular system to perform

specific tasks.

Physical Education - the vital and integral part of general education designed to
promote the optimum development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally,
and mentally through total body movement in the performance of properly selected
physical activities.
Physical fitness - the ability of an individual to function, to tolerate stress in any form,
and to perform daily tasks successfully.

Pike - a position in which the legs are held straight and the body is bent forward at
the hips.

Power - refers to work divided by time; the faster the completion of work, the greater
the power.

Pyramid Building - a position in floor skills and tumbling skills that can be performed
by three to 10 persons forming a pyramid.
Reaction Time - represents the time that it takes to respond physically to a given
stimulus.

Regular Exercise - exercise that helps fight stress and improves quality of sleep by
night and exercises one's energy level by day.

Routine - a planned series of movements performed by the gymnast as a continuous

flowing exercise.

Sequence - a group of movements as part of a gymnastic routine.

Speed - the velocity or the ability to perform a movement in the shortest length of
time.

Spotter - someone who stands ready to assist a gymnast if he or she needs help.
Spotting - assisting a gymnast during performance.

Stunts - activities in the form of play that tests oneself on the components of
physical fitness.

Tuck - a position in which the knees are bent, legs are held tightly to the chest, and
the body is curled up like a ball.

Tumbling - the execution of acrobatic movement such as rolls, stunts, handspring on

the floor or on the ground.

Warm-up - conditioning exercises that include stretching and exercises of moderate

intensity that cause sweating and increase in muscle temperature.
BODY MOVEMENTS

There are two types of body movements;

Axial Movements - are movements done by a part or several parts of the body in stationary place.

a. Bend or Flex - To move the body or part of the body around a wide axis.
b. Lift; rise - To elevate a part of the body or the
whole body to a desired level.
c. Stretch, extend, and straighten - To lengthen
a part of the body.

d. Twist - To move a body around a long axis.

e. Circle - To move a body around a point.
f. Swing - To move continuously form one point to of the other.
g. Turn, Rotate - To change direction to move around an axis.
Locomotors Movements - are movements that bring the performer from one place to
the other.

a. Walk - is a series of steps in all directions.

b. Run - is a walk with longer strides and there is
a push-off by the foot suspend the body momentarily in air.
c. Hop - is spring on one foot and land on the
same foot.
d. Skip - is a step and hop with the same foot in one count.
e. Leap - is to spring on one foot and land on the
other foot.
f. Jump - is to spring on both feet and land on one or both feet.
g. Gallop - is a combined step and a cut
h. Slide - is to glide the foot right and left along a smooth surface.
Direction of Movements

There are different movements done in several directions:

1. Forward

2. Sideward

3. Upward

4. Downward
5. Diagonal or Oblique

6. Clockwise

7. Counter clockwise

8. Backward
BASIC POSITIONS IN GYMNASTICS

A. STANDING
1. Feet together

Direction
The feet are about one inch apart, toes pointing forward arms at the
side.

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2. Stride Position
The feet are about 12 inches wide. The
stride may be made wider than
12 inches. The weight of the body is on
both feet and the trunk is at the
center. Arms at sides.
3. Lunge Position
Bend one knee, the other
leg straight. Weight on
both feet. Hands on hips.
4. Half-knee Bend
5. Full Knees Bend
Feet together, bend knees
The knees are fully bent;
to about 45 degrees
sit on the heels of the feet.
angle; feet flat on the
The weight of the body
floor, body erect; hands
is on the balls of the feet.
on hips.
B. SITTING

1. Long Sitting 2. Hook Sitting

Sitting with legs extended Sit on buttocks; bend
forward, toes pointed; trunk knees close to the body.
erects and hands on hips. Trunk erect, hands on
shin of the legs.
3. Long Sitting Rest 4. Tuck Sitting
Legs and toes are Sit on buttocks, bend knees
extended forward; hands close to body; round back so
at the rear on the floor. that the forehead and the
Elbow and body straight. knees are in contact; hold shin
of legs.
5. Stride Sitting 6. Side Sitting
Sitting on buttocks, Sitting on buttocks, bend right
spread legs apart, trunk or left leg I front; other leg
erect, hands on thighs. extended sideward. Hands on
knees.
7. Hurdle Sitting
Sitting on buttocks, bend right
leg at the back about 90
degrees angle, the other leg
extended diagonally forward.
8. Heels Sit
From kneeling position, sit
on the heels of the feet,
toes pointed. Hands on
hips.
9. Cross Sitting 10. Frog Sitting
Sitting on buttocks, cross Sit on buttocks, feet
legs, kness pointing touching each other,
outward, cross arms at knees flat on the floor,
shoulder level. hands on waist or both
knees.
C. KNEELING

2. Stride Kneeling
1. Kneeling
Kneeling on both knees,
Kneel on both knees, knees
with knees apart.
close together, body erect,
hands on hips.
3. Half-kneeling Right Or Left 4. Kneeling Position One Leg
Kneeling on right, left in Extended sideward.Kneeling one leg,
half-kneeling position in the other extended sideward, forward or
front. Hands on hips. backward.
D. LYING

1. Back or Lying on the back, the 2. Front Lying

Supine Lying body is well extended, Body is well extended and
arms overhead, toes pointed. front of the body is in contact
with the floor. Toes pointed,
arms forward.
3. Side Lying
With the body well
extended, the side of the
body is in contact with the
floor, one hand on the
floor
4. Hook Lying Position
In a back lying position,
bend knees, with the feet
close to buttocks, feet flat
on the floor. Arms
overhead.
5. Tuck Lying Position
Lying on back, pull the knees close to the
forehead, hold shin on legs.
E. ARM SUPPORT POSITION

1. Supine or Back Arm Support

From a long a long lying position, lift the body with straight-arm support. Body, legs
and toes well extended and one straight line.
2. Prone or Front Arm Support
From a front lying
position, lift the body to
front arm support; Body
legs and toes well
extended and in one
straight line.
3. Side Arm Support
The body is supported
with the right or left arm;
The body is well
extended.
F. FOUR-BASED POSITION

1. Dog Stand Position 2. Bridge Stand Position

From a kneeling position, place the From a hook sitting lift the
hands on the floor, elbows trunk; legs and arms in
straight. Toes pointed, the knees right angle with the trunk.
and hands are base support.
G. HAND POSITIONS

1. Hands on Waist 2. Hands on Chest

Place hands on waist, fingers Palms facing down, thumbs
pointing front thumbs touching the chest, elbows
pointing backward. in line with the shoulders.
3. Hands on Shoulders
Bend arms from the
elbow, fingertips touching
the shoulder, elbows in
line with the shoulders, rib
cage lifted.
4. Hands on Neck
Bend arms from the elbows, place
hand beyond the neck, fingertips
meeting each other, elbows in line with
the shoulders.
5. Hands on Hips
Place hands on hips, thumbs pointing
back and fingers pointing front.
H. ARM POSITIONS

1. Arms Forward 2. Arms Sideward

Raise arms forward with palms Raise arms sideward, palm
facing each other. Hands in line facing down, and fingertips in
with the shoulders, elbows slightly line with the shoulder.
extended.
3. Arms Upward 4. Arms Oblique Positions
Raise arms upward, palms facing
Forward Downward
each other, elbows touching the
ears, the whole arm in line with
the body.
Backward Sideward Sideward
Downward Downward Upward
5. Arms in T-Positions

T-Position Reverse T-Position

Thank
you!!