PHYSICAL

EDUCATION
and HEALTH I
(Terminologies in Physical Education)

Liceo – De La Salle Senior High School

Online Fitness Class
AY 2020-2021

Prepared by:
Mr. Jade C. Alarcon, LPT
Subject Teacher
I. TERMS RELATED TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. Adapted Physical Education – A physical education program designed to meet the

unique needs of an individual with a disability who is unable to fully participate in the
general physical education program.
2. Adventure/Outdoor Activities – Physical activities centered in natural settings. Examples
include orienteering, backpacking, hiking, rope activities, canoeing, cycling, skating, and
rock climbing.
3. Aerobic Activity – Exercise that can be performed for a long duration because the energy
required can be provided by the burning of fuel, which normally occurs in muscle cells in
the presence of oxygen. Aerobic activity may help control body weight, reduce the
percentage of body fat, improve the circulatory function and respiratory functions, and
reduce blood pressure. Examples include aerobic dance, cycling, jogging, power walking,
in-line skating, step aerobics, kickboxing, and super circuit.
4. Anaerobic Activity – Exercise of short duration that is performed at a more strenuous
level, so increased respiration and heart rate cannot provide sufficient oxygen to the
muscle cells. Examples of anaerobic activity include sprinting, weight training, curl-ups,
gymnastics, and some team activities, such as softball and football.
5. Balance – A skill-related component of fitness that relates to the maintenance of
equilibrium while stationary or moving.
6. Base of Support – The area of the base or foundation that supports the body. The base of
support may include one or more body parts and the distance between them. The ability
to stabilize the body is directly proportional to the area of the base of support. For
example, if two feet are close together, the base of support is narrow and stability is
limited. If the two feet are separated by some distance, the base of support is larger and
provides more stability.
7. Biomechanics – The study of human movement and how such movement is influenced
by gravity, friction, and the laws of motion. It involves the analysis of force, including
muscle force that produces movements and impact force that may cause injuries. It
explains why motor skills are performed in explicit ways in order to improve efficiency
and effectiveness.
8. Body Composition – The proportion of fat-free mass (e.g., muscle, bone, vital organs,
and tissues) to fat mass in the body.
9. Body Mass Index (BMI) – A formula used to assess body fat based on a ratio between
height and weight.
10. Cardiovascular Endurance – A component of health-related fitness that describes the
ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and nutrients
to the muscles during exercise.
11. Closed Skill – Motor skills that are performed in an environment that is stable and
predictable.
12. Components of Health-Related Physical Fitness – Muscle strength, muscle endurance,
aerobic capacity, flexibility, and body composition.
13. Contraindicated Exercises – Exercises that are dangerous and should not be done.
14. Cool-Down Exercises – Five to ten minutes of light to moderate physical activity. Cool-
down exercises help the body recover from exercise. This process maintains blood
pressure, helps enhance venous return, and prevents blood from pooling in the muscles.
15. Coordination – A skill-related component of fitness that relates to the ability to perform
tasks smoothly and accurately.
16. Dehydration – The loss of water and important blood salts, such as potassium and
sodium that are essential for vital organ functions.
17. Developmental Stages – Children pass through three stages before they can demonstrate
the mature form for a movement or motor skill: initial stage, elementary stage, and
mature stage.
18. Disability – The term “child with a disability” means a child with mental retardation, a
hearing impairment (including deafness), speech or language impairment, a visual
impairment (including blindness), a serious emotional 315 disturbance (referred to as
“emotional disturbance”), an orthopedic impairment, autism, traumatic brain injury,
another health impairment, a specific learning disability, deaf-blindness, or multiple
disabilities; and who by reason thereof, needs special education and related services.
19. Exercise – Physical activity conducted with the intention of developing physical fitness.
20. Fundamental Movement Skills – Basic movements that involve the combination of
movement patterns of two or more body segments. Loco-motor, non-loco-motor, and
manipulative skills are all considered fundamental, as they form the basis of numerous
forms of specialized movement and manipulative skills.
21. General Space – Refers to the area surrounding personal space.
22. Group Dynamics – The interactions and interrelationships of people in a group.
23. Health – Optimal well-being that contributes to the quality of life. It is more than
freedom from disease and illness. Optimal health includes high-level mental, social,
emotional, spiritual, and physical wellness within the limits of one’s heredity and
personal abilities.
24. Health-Related Physical Fitness – Consists of those components of physical fitness that
have a relationship to good health: body composition, aerobic capacity, flexibility,
muscle endurance, and muscle strength.
25. Hypokinetic – Lack of exercise or physical activity.
26. Hypokinetic Diseases – Diseases that develop through poor diet, lack of exercise, and a
sedentary lifestyle. Examples include heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity,
diabetes, and osteoporosis (Sidentop 2004, 168).
27. Indicators of Increased Capacity – Responses of the body due to changes in the intensity
of, duration of, frequency of, or time spent participating in physical activity. Indicators
may consist of changes in muscle fatigue, breathing, and heart rate.
28. Individual Activity – Physical activities that require only one participant. Examples
include weight training, yoga, archery, and jogging.
29. Intensity – A principle of training that establishes how hard to exercise.
30. Interpersonal Communication Skills – Verbal or nonverbal abilities that allow the
sharing of feelings, thoughts, and information with another person in a positive manner.
31. Interpersonal Social Skills – Skills that enhance the ability to work together, including
cooperation, respect, and encouragement.
32. Large-Muscle Groups – Muscles that work together and have a large mass relative to
other muscle groups in the body. Examples of large-muscle groups are the muscles in the
arms, back, and legs.
33. Lead-Up Game – A game that involves one or more skills or strategies of a sport.
34. Loco-motor Skills – Basic motor skills involving a change of position of the feet and/or a
change of direction of the body. Loco-motor skills include walking, running, hopping,
skipping, jumping, leaping, sliding, and galloping.
35. Manipulative Movements – Basic motor skills involving handling an object. Examples
include throwing, catching, kicking, trapping, rolling, dribbling, striking, and volleying.
36. Mature Form – The critical elements of a skill, performed in a smooth and continuous
motion.
37. Mature Stage – The stage of development characterized by the integration of all
component parts of a pattern of movement into a well-coordinated, technically correct
form.
38. Moderate Physical Activity – Moderate-intensity physical activity generally requires
sustained rhythmic movements and refers to a level of effort a healthy individual might
expend while, for example, walking briskly, dancing, swimming, or bicycling on level
terrain. A person should feel some exertion but should be able to carry on a conversation
comfortably during the activity.
39. Motor Development – The study of change in movement behaviors and motor skills
across the life span.
40. Motor Learning – The study of change in a person’s ability to perform a motor skill.
41. Motor Skills – A skill that requires voluntary body and/or limb movement to achieve its
goal. A skill where the primary determinant of success is the movement component itself.
Physical activity that is directed toward a specific function or goal. The term may be used
to refer to one discrete skill (e.g., throwing) or a more general ability to perform physical
skills competently (e.g., as in “The student has the motor skill needed to perform that
sport”) (NASPE 2004).
42. Non-loco-motor Movements – Movement of the body performed from a relatively stable
base of support. Examples include bending, stretching, twisting, turning, leaning,
swaying, and swinging.
43. Open Skills – Motor skills that are performed in a changing environment.
44. Performance Standard – Answers the question “How good is good enough?”
45. Personal Space – Space that extends outward to the farthest reach of all body parts.
46. Physical Activity – Bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal
muscle and that substantially increases energy expenditure, including exercise, sport,
dance, and other movement forms.
47. Plyometric Exercise – A muscular activity that involves an eccentric contraction (muscle
is lengthened) of a muscle, followed immediately by a concentric contraction (muscle is
shortened) of the same muscle. Plyometric exercises are often used to increase power.
48. Power – A skill-related component of fitness that relates to the rate at which one can
perform work.
49. Relationship – The position of the body in relation to the floor, apparatus, or other
performers.
50. Vigorous Physical Activity – Vigorous-intensity physical activity generally requires
sustained, rhythmic movements and refers to a level of effort a healthy individual might
expend while, for example, jogging, participating in high-impact aerobic dancing,
swimming continuous laps, or bicycling uphill. Vigorous-intensity physical activity may
be intense enough to result in a significant increase in heart and respiration rate.
51. Warm-Up Exercises – Low-intensity exercises that prepare the muscular/skeletal system
and heart and lungs (cardiorespiratory system) for high-intensity physical activity.