PHYSICAL EDUCATION 101: PHYSICAL FITNESS, GYMNASTICS AND AEROBICS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Physical Fitness, Gymnastics
and Aerobics
1
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR SEMI-FINALS
I. Be familiarize with the Locomotor and Non-Locomotors skills.

II. Acquire the values of fitness and health in the various gymnastics
activities.
III. Introduce the advance gymnastics skills

IV. Demonstrate the proper execution of fundamental gymnastics position

of the arms and feet, stunts and tumbling and pyramid building.

V. Execute the basic skills in gymnastics.

BY: MELANIE C. DIMAANO, LPT 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 101: PHYSICAL FITNESS, GYMNASTICS AND AEROBICS

MOVEMENT SCIENCE AND HEALTH APPRAISAL

Specific Objective: Be familiarize with the Locomotor and Non-Locomotors skills.

: Introduce the advance gymnastics skills
: Demonstrate the proper execution of fundamental gymnastics position of the
arms and feet, stunts and tumbling and pyramid building.

BODY MOVEMENTS
The body movements are classified into the following types.

 AXIAL or NON-LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS

The movements are done by a part or several parts of the body in a stationary place.
These movements include the following:
 Bend or Flex – a movement which is done by moving the body or part of the body
around a wide axis.
 Lift or raise – a movement which is done by elevating apart of the body or the whole
body to a desired level.
 Stretch, extend, or straighten – the lengthening of the body part.
 Twist - moving the body around a point.
 Circle – moving a body apart around a point.
 Swing – a continuous movement of the body from one point to the other.
 Turn or rotate - the changing of direction to move around an axis.

 LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS
These are movements which bring the performer from one place to the other. These
include the following movements.
 Walking – a series of steps in any direction.
 Running – a walk with longer strides with the pushing off the feet to suspend the body
momentarily in the air.
 Hopping – a movement done by a spring on one foot and landing on the same foot.
 Skipping – a step and a hop with the same foot in one count.
 Leaping - a spring of one foot and landing on the other foot.
 Jumping – a spring on both feet and landing on one or both feet.
The following are preparatory movements to locomotor movements.
 Point – to touch the floor with the toes and with the knee well extended.
 Step – to transfer weight from one foot to the other.
 Place – to touch the floor with the whole of the foot with slight body weight on it
 Spring – to push off the legs in the air.

INTRODUCTION TO GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics is a sport of the future, which, nonetheless, enjoys a long heritage

and preserves an ancient tradition of demonstrating exactly what a person is capable
of. Gymnastics involves the performance of exercises, on or with an apparatus, or a partner,
requiring physical strength, flexibility, coordination, power, agility, grace, balance and control.
Gymnastics is one of the oldest Olympic sports and one of the World’s most popular sports.
Moreover, it is one of the most inclusive sports where male or female, young or old, able-bodied
or disabled can take part.
The term ‘gymnastics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘gymnos’, which means to exercise
naked , as athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing. At that time, the
main goal of gymnastics was to prepare strong and capable soldiers for war. However, there was
a clear emphasis placed upon the physical preparation of the body when the well-developed
physique of the gymnasts became an object of admiration and adoration. Many writers on

BY: MELANIE C. DIMAANO, LPT 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 101: PHYSICAL FITNESS, GYMNASTICS AND AEROBICS

education have valued gymnastics from the point of view of health and advocated the benefits of
gymnastic exercise for the body. During its development, gymnastics gradually moved away from
preparation for war towards entertainment in the form of competitive sport.
The sport is a complex combination that involves physical strength, flexibility, power,
agility, coordination, grace, balance and control. Out of all the different disciplines, competitive
artistic gymnastics is the most well-known, but the other forms of gymnastics, including rhythmic
gymnastics and aerobic gymnastics, have also gained widespread popularity.

Artistic gymnastics
 The most popular and widely-practised form, artistic gymnastics is divided into women’s
and men’s gymnastics. Women compete on four events: vault, uneven bars, balance beam
and floor exercise, while men compete on six events: floor exercise, pommel horse, still
rings, vault, parallel bars, and high bar. The sport consists mainly of the use of various
gymnastic apparatus, as well as the use of the floor for different exercises.

Rhythmic gymnastics
 Rhythmic gymnastics is the performance of various gymnastics moves and dance exercises
to music, with or without various gymnastic apparatus. Only women compete in the sport,
which combines elements of ballet and gymnastics in the performance of five separate
routines with the use of one of the five apparatuses: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs and rope.
There are also group routines consisting of two to six gymnasts, performing with a
maximum of two apparatuses of their choice.

Aerobic gymnastics
 Aerobic gymnastics, also known as sport aerobics, involves the performance of routines by
individuals, pairs, trios, or groups of up to six people. These routines typically emphasise
strength, flexibility and aerobic fitness, rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines
typically lasting 60 to 90 seconds are performed on floors, without the use of other
apparatus.

BY: MELANIE C. DIMAANO, LPT 