PRELIM TERM LESSON

Physical Education

 Is the process by which changes in the individual are bought about through movement’s experiences?
Physical Education aims not only at physical development but is also concerned with education of the whole
person through physical activities.

 To encourage the development of motor skills, physical abilities, knowledge, reasoning, appreciation of the
value and habituation healthy lifestyle that leads to stimulate growth and balanced development.

Objectives of Physical Education

 To develop the organic systems of the body;

 To develop euro-muscular co-ordination or skill;
 To develop right attitude towards and physical activities in general;
 To develop a desirable social attitudes and conduct;
 Development of psychomotor skills;
 Development of understanding and appreciation of the techniques and strategies of sports;
 Preparation for leisure time;
 Elimination of worries and anxieties through developing appropriate interests and habits of engaging in
exercise and sports;
 Attainment of knowledge of proper health procedure as related to physical exercise.
 To develop correct health habits;
 To serve as an out let for surplus energy, which if pent up, make the child tens, nervous and irritable.
 To meet the challenge of growing indiscipline among the student community by instilling in the younger
generation a sense of patriotism, self-reliance and discipline.
 To give adequate scope for bringing out the aptitudes and talents of the child.
 To promote the spirit of certain qualities like sports-man ship, team spirit, leadership, patience, self-restrain
co-operation, sociability and those other qualities of character and citizenship.

Aspect of Physical Education

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

 Through the carefully selected physical an individual who participates actively will develop and maintain
good health and a high level of physical fitness. The acquisition of physical skills can motivate an individual to
participate, further in physical activities hence his growth and development will be enhanced.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

 Participation in the physical education activities provides opportunities for the development of desirable
social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general.
 Friendliness
 Cooperation
 Respect for the rights of others
 Good sportsmanship, leadership and followership
 Honesty and group competition
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

 The informal nature of physical education activity offers opportunities for Self-expression and emotional
mastery.

 Self confidence
 Self control
 Self reliance
 Courage
 Determination
 Personal Discipline
 MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

 Through participation in physical education activities the individual develops his mental capacities as he
learns the mechanical principles underlying movement, as he acquired knowledge and understanding of
rules and strategies of games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his movements in
gymnastics and dance.

Legal Basis of Physical Education

 Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and
Recommendation 1, Interdisciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane
Australia, 1982. States that :

“The practice of Physical Education and Sports is fundamental right for all.”

“And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to the adequate food,
shelter, and medical care.”

Article XIV, Section 19, 1986 Constitution of Republic of the Philippines-

“The state shall promote Physical Education and encourage the sports programs league competition,
and amateur sports including training for international competition to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”

“All education institution shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and cooperation
with athletic club and other sectors.”

Basic Physical Education in College

The services Physical Education refers to the four subjects given to the freshmen and sophomores in
the first four semester of their college work as stipulated in the DECS Order No. 58, series of 1990

Physical Education 1

Physical Fitness and Self-Testing Activities

It covers the essentials of physical fitness components and self-testing activities

Physical Education 2

Rhythmic Activities

It is focused on the rhythm, fundamental rhythmic activities, and dance mixers, local and foreign
dances, as well as social dances.

Physical Education 3

Individual/Dual Sports/Games

It deals with the acquisition of skills on recreational activities such as bowling ; table tennis,
badminton, track in field events and foster love of country “mga laro ng lahi” are likewise, given.

Physical Education 4

Team Sports

It emphasizes the acquisition of the fundamental s of common team sports such as volleyball,
basketball, and baseball/softball.

Values of Physical Fitness

 Maintain physical fitness;

 Improve organic function;
  Minimize stress response;
 Delay the aging process;
 Increase muscle strength and endurance
 Experience joy of participation in any recreation or sports activity;
 Feel good about the body and feel younger as a human being;
 Prevent lower back pain
 Maintain proper body weight
 Prevent heart ailment

The Four Types of Development

 Organic

This is the development of power and endurance of the heart, lungs heat-regulating mechanism, and
digestive and eliminating organs. These various organs gain power and stamina from use

 Neuromuscular

The development of skills and coordination required in the mastery of life's varied activities can be
directly attributed to physical education; also to development of strength in the skeletal muscle used in such
coordination

 Interpretive

The types of development strengthens the thinking, interpreting, and solving problem-solving
process of individual

Origin of Physical Education

 If several hundred years from now archaeologist were investigating our society, they would find endless
examples of sport in the United States: stadiums, swimming pools, running shoes, hockey sticks, skis,
baseball gloves, posters of sports star, etc. Even today a basic survey of our country would reveal sports and
physical education everywhere: Little League baseball, Physical Education classes, Special

 Olympics, neighborhood basketball, jogging, and televised professional sports. Various forms of sport and
physical education have been around since the late 1400's and have only gained momentum and recognition
in the centuries that followed.

 One of the first men to recognize the importance of physical activity in school curriculum was

 Johann Bernard Basedow in Germany. He included gymnastics as part of the daily curriculum devoting-up to
three hours per day to educating through the physical. Basedow required a specific uniform for his

 Students so they could have unrestricted movement. He also offered a camp for two months during the
summer for his students

 In 1810 Friedrich Jahn, "the father of gymnastics", began working outdoors with his students. Using simple
exercises and games sometimes taking long hikes. The thing that motivated Jahn to develop a system of
physical training was his deep sense of patriotism. Germany had been soundly defeated in the Napoleonic
wars. So, he developed his system with the hopes of creating strong, sturdy and fearless youth who would
help secure Germany's freedom and could defend the Fatherland from outside forces.

 Charles Beck who was a student, friend and follower of Friedrich Jahn teamed up with a friend and they
made their way to Switzerland, France and eventually America. George Bancroft who had opened the Round
Hill School in America had been looking at and studying the German system and immediately hired Beck to
teach Latin and Physical Education in the form of German gymnastics. So, Beck became the first official
Physical Education teacher in America in 1825.
Physical Fitness

 Refers to the state of one’s physical health. A physically Fit person can perform his daily activities very
efficiently without getting easily tired.

The ability to function efficiently and effectively without injury, to enjoy leisure, to be healthy, to resist
disease, and to cope with emergency situations.

Three concepts comprise physical fitness:

 Specific fitness (a task - oriented definition which is based on the ability to perform specific aspects
of recreation or occupations)
 General fitness (a state of health and well- being)
 Emergency preparation (the physical capability to avoid, adapt and overcome emergency
situations).

 Fitness – generally defined as the ability of a person to live a happy, well-balanced life. It embraces the
physical, intellectual, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life.

 Physically Fit

If you are physically fit, you are free from illness, and able to function efficiently and
effectively, to enjoy leisure, and to cope with emergencies. Health-related components of physical fitness
include body composition, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance, and muscle strength. Skill-
related components include agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

2 MAJOR ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

 Health Related Fitness – is function of the body’s adaption to exercise. It could be developed and maintained
through a regular and proper exercise. It could be developed and maintained through a regular and proper
exercise program.

 Performance Related – It refers to the quality of one’s movement skills

5 Basic Component of Health Related Fitness

1. Cardiovascular fitness - allows body to exercise for long periods of time
Sample Activity:
Aerobic Exercises
2. Muscular strength - how much force your muscles can produce
Sample Activity:
Push-up
Curl-up
Flex arm half
3. Muscular Endurance - using your muscles many times without tiring
Sample Activity:
Long distance Run
3 minutes step test
Bicep Curls
4. Flexibility - using your joints through a wide range of motion
Sample Activity:
Human rocker
Supine lying leg lift
Side lying
Knee hug rock
5. Body Composition – refers to the preposition of lean body mass to fat body mass.

B. Skill Related

1. Agility- the ability to change the position of your body quickly and to control body movements
 Sample Activity:
Hexagon
Shuttle run
Zigzag run
2. Balance - keeping an upright posture while standing still or moving
Static balance- is the ability to maintain ones equilibrium while the body is in motion
Dynamic Balance- is the ability to maintain ones equilibrium while the body is motion.
Sample Activity:
Standing Balance
Flamingo Stand
Lateral Standing Position
3. Coordination - using your senses together with your body parts
Sample Activity:
Paper juggling
Hurdles
4. Power - the ability to use strength quickly
Sample Activity:
Standing long jump
Chest pass
5. Speed - covering a distance in a short period of time
Sample Activity:
40 meter sprint
100 meter run
Swimming
6. Reaction - the amount of time it takes you to move.

3 Type of Body Physique

 Ectomorp – body type is characterized as lean and small body build with greater surface area to mass ratio.
 Mesomorphic – body type mass has a relative predominance of muscle. The bones are usually large and
heavy with massive limbs.
 Endomorphic – body types is characterized by a relative predominance of soft roundness and large digestive
viscera.
 Body Composition

Body Mass Index

 The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a measure for human body shape based on an individual's
weight and height. It was devised between 1830 and 1850 by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during
the course of developing "social physics. Body mass index is defined as the individual's body mass divided by
the square of their height. The formulae universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of kg/m2.
BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart. Which displays BMI as a function of weight (horizontal axis)
and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different values of BMI or colors for different BMI
categories.

Mass (kilo grams)

BMI =
(Height(m))2
Mass (lb)
= 703
(Height (inc))2

BMI Chart