BASIC STATISTICS

I. Measures of Central Tendency

A. Ungrouped Data

Sample Mean: x̄ =
∑x
n

Population Mean: μ=
∑X
N

Weighted Mean: x̄ =
∑ (w ⋅ x)
∑w

Mean for Frequency Table: x̄ =

∑ (f ⋅ x)
∑f
n+1
Median: Value of the term
2

Mode: Value with the most occurrences/frequency

B. Grouped Data

Sample Mean: x̄ =
∑ m⋅ f
n

Population Mean: μ=
∑ m ⋅f
N

n
−B
Median: EM = 2
L+ ∗W
G

f m−f m−1
Mode: M = L+
( f ¿ ¿ m−f m−1)+( f m −f m+1 )∗W ¿

II. Variance and Standard Deviation

A. Ungrouped Data
 ∑ ( x i− x̄)2
Sample Standard Deviation: s=
√ n−1

∑ ( x i−μ)2
Population Standard Deviation: σ=
√ N

Sample Variance: s2

Population Variance: σ2

B. Grouped Data

∑ f (m− x̄ )2
Sample Standard Deviation: s=
√ n−1

∑ f (m−μ)2
Population Standard Deviation: σ=
√ N

Sample Variance: s2

Population Variance: σ2

III. Quartiles and Interquartile Range

Quartiles – are the summary measures that divide a ranked data set into four equal parts. Three
measures will divide any data set into four equal parts. These three measures are the first quartile
(Q1) the second quartile (Q2), and the third quartile (Q3). The data should be ranked before the
quartiles are determined.

NOTE:

1. The second quartile is the same as the median of a data set.

2. The first quartile is the value of the middle term among observations that are less than the
median.
3. The third quartile is the value of the middle term among the observations that are greater
than the median.
4. The distance between the third quartile and the first quartile for a data set is called the
Interquartile Range(IQR).

25% 25% 25% 25%

 Q1 Q2 Q3

IQR= Q3-Q1

Value of the Kth Percentile (P)

Kn
Pk = the value of the ( )th term in the a ranked data set where
100

K = number of the percentile

n = represents the sample size

Percentile Rank of a Value

No .of valuesless t h an x
Percentile rank of x = (100)
Total no . of values∈t h e data set

Examples:

1. The following are the test scores of 12 reviewees which are arranged in increasing orders:

53, 58, 68, 73, 75, 76, 79, 80, 85, 88, 91, 99

a. Find the value of the 62nd percentile.

b. Find the percentile rank for the score 85.
c. Find the interquartile range.

2. The following are the ages of nine employees of Ayala Corporation:

24, 28, 33, 33, 37, 39, 47, 51, 99

a. Compute the value of the third quartile.

b. Where does the age of 28 fall in relation to the ages of the employees?
c. Find the interquartile range.
3. From the following data:

21, 13, 28, 50, 68, 56, 21, 32, 45, 43, 15

a. Find the mean value.

b. Find the median.
c. Find the mode.
d. Find the range.
e. Find the sample variance.
f. Find the standard deviation
4. From the given data shown:

Score 100 200 300 400 500

Frequency 15 21 19 24 17

a. Find the mean value of the distribution

b. Find the population variance of the distribution.
c. Find the Population Standard Deviation of the distribution.

5. Alex timed 21 people in the sprint race, to the nearest second:

59, 65, 61, 62, 53, 55, 60, 70, 64, 56, 58, 58, 62, 62, 68, 65, 56, 59, 68, 61, 67

a. Find the Mean, Median, Mode, Sample Variance and Standard Deviation if ungrouped.

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjHfAhcU6kE

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6Pnf57wRAs

8. Find the Mean, Median, Mode, Sample Variance and Standard Deviation if of Example 5
if grouped given the table below:

Seconds Frequency
51-55
56-60
61-65
65-70