Latihan akhir sub-Bab

cated exercise, find 1a2 f122, and 1b2 lim f1x2, if they exist.
In Exercises 1–4, make the given changes in the indicated examples of In Exercises 17–20, for the function shown in the graph for the indi-
this section. Then solve the resulting problems. xS2
1. In Example 2, change the denominator to x + 2 and then deter- 17. Exercise 13 18. Exercise 14
mine the continuity. 19. Exercise 15 20. Exercise 16
2. In Example 8, change the numerator to 3x 2 - 5x - 2 and find the
resulting limit. Disregard references to Examples 6 and 7. In Exercises 21–24, graph the function and determine the values of x
3. In Example 11, change the denominator to t + 2 and then find the for which the functions are continuous. Explain.

21. f1x2 = e
limit as t S - 2. x2 for x 6 2
2
4. In Example 14, change the numerator to 4x + 1 and find the re- 5 for x Ú 2
sulting limit.
x3 - x2

22. f1x2 = •
for x ∙ 1
In Exercises 5–10, determine the values of x for which the function is x - 1
continuous. If the function is not continuous, determine the reason. 1 for x = 1
3 - x 2x 2 - 18
5. f1x2 = 3x 2 - 98x 6. f1x2 =
23. f1x2 = •
9 + x2 for x ∙ 3
x - 3
x + 4 2 12 for x = 3
7. f1x2 = 8. f1x2 =
x2 - x 2x + 3

24. f1x2 = µ
x + 2
x 32x + 5 for x 6 -2
9. f1x2 = 10. f1x2 = x2 - 4
2x - 2 x + 8
x
for x 7 - 2
8
In Exercises 11–16, determine the values of x for which the function,
as represented by the graphs in Fig. 2.1, is continuous. If the function
is not continuous, determine the reason. In Exercises 25–30, evaluate the indicated limits by evaluating the func-
tion for values shown in the table and observing the values that are
11. y 12. y
obtained. Do not change the form of the function.
2 x3 - x
25. Find lim .
xS1 x - 1

x x x 0.900 0.990 0.999 1.001 1.010 1.100

0 -2 0 2
f1x2

x 3 + 2x 2 - 2x + 3
26. Find lim .
x S -3 x + 3
13. y 14. y
4
x -3.100 - 3.010 - 3.001 - 2.999 - 2.990 - 2.900
2
f1x2
1 2

x x 2 - 2x + 2
-2 0 2 -2 0 2 4 27. Find lim .
xS2 x - 2
-1 -2
x 1.900 1.990 1.999 2.001 2.010 2.100
-2 -4 f1x2

15. y 16. y ex - 1
28. Find lim .
xS0 x
4 2
x -0.1 - 0.01 -0.001 0.001 0.01 .01
f1x2
x x 2x + 1 x 10 100 1000
-2 0 -2 0 2 29. Find lim .
x S ∞ 5x - 3 f1x2
-2
Fig. 2.1
 f1x2
1 - x2 x 10 100 1000 59. Velocity can be found by dividing the displacement s of an object
30. Find lim . by the elapsed time t in moving through the displacement. In a
x S ∞ 8x 2 + 5
certain experiment, the following values were measured for the
displacements and elapsed times for the motion of an object. De-
In Exercises 31–50, evaluate the indicated limits algebraically as in termine the limiting value of the velocity as t S 0.
Examples 10–14. Change the form of the function where necessary.

31. lim 13x - 22

s (cm) 0.480000 0.280000 0.029800 0.0029980 0.00029998
6x 2 + x
32. lim 2x - 7
2
33. lim t (s) 0.200000 0.100000 0.010000 0.0010000 0.00010000
xS3 xS4 xS0 x
60. A 5@Ω resistor and a variable resistor of resistance R are placed in
4v 2 - 8v x2 - 1 x 2 - 2x - 3 parallel. The expression for the resulting resistance RT is given by
34. lim 35. lim 36. lim
v 2 v - 2
S x - 1 3x + 3
S S
x 3 3 - x 5R
RT = . Determine the limiting value of RT as R S ∞ .
h3 - 27 9x - 3 5 + R

0x - 40
37. lim 38. lim

12x - 12 2 - 1
hS3 h - 3 x S 1/3 3x 2 + 5x - 2
In Exercises 61–64, use a calculator to evaluate the indicated limits.
39. lim 40. lim 2x - 4 4x - 4

42. lim 1x - 12 2x 2 - 4
xS1 2x - 2 xS4 x - 4 61. Approximate lim 62. Approximate lim

63. lim 11 + x2 1>x (Do you recognize the limiting value?)

xS2 x - 2 xS1 x - 1
41. lim 2p1p + 1.32
pS - 1 xS1
xS0

2x - 1 x - 8 sin x
43. lim 44. lim 64. lim (Use radian mode.)
xS8 2

14 + h2 2 - 16
3
xS1 x - 1 x - 2 xS0 x

29 + h - 3 In Exercises 65–72, lim- f1x2 means to find the limit as x approaches

45. lim 46. lim xSa
hS0 h hS0 h
a from the left only, and lim+ f1x2 means to find the limit as x
xSa
3x 2 + 4.5 x - 27
47. lim 48. lim approaches a from the right only. These are called one-sided limits.
x S ∞ x 2 - 1.5 x S ∞ 7x + 4
Solve the following problems.

x S ∞ 14x + 32 2
2t 2 + 16 1 - 2x 2 65. For the function displayed in Exercise 13, find:
49. lim 50. lim
tS ∞ t + 1 (a) lim- f1x2 (b) lim+ f1x2 (c) lim f1x2
xS2 xS2 xS2

In Exercises 51 and 52, evaluate the function at 0.1, 0.01, and 66. For the function displayed in Exercise 16, find:
0.001 from both sides of the value it approaches. In Exercises 53
and 54, evaluate the function for values of x of 10, 100, and 1000. (a) lim f1x2 (b) lim f1x2 (c) lim f1x2
x S -2 - x S -2 + x S -2
From these values, determine the limit. Then, by using an appropri-
ate change of form, evaluate the limit algebraically and compare 67. Find lim- x216 - x 2.
xS4
values.
68. Explain why lim+ 21>x ∙ lim- 21>x.
x 2 - 3x 2x 2 - 6x xS0 xS0

0x0
51. lim 52. lim x
S
x 0 x x 3 x - 3
S
69. For f1x2 = , find lim- f1x2 and lim+ f1x2. Is f1x2 continuous
xS0 xS0
2x 2 + x x2 + 5
53. lim 54. lim at x = 0? Explain.
x S ∞ x2 - 3 xS ∞ 264x 4 + 1 70. In Einstein’s theory of relativity, the length L of an object moving
In Exercises 55–60, solve the given problems involving limits. v2
at a velocity v is L = L 0 1 - , where c is the speed of light
B c2
x3 - 8 and L 0 is the length of the object at rest. Find lim- L and explain
55. Evaluate lim by first performing long division (or vSc
xS2 x - 2 why a limit from the left is used.
x3 - 8
synthetic division) on . 71. Is there a difference between
x - 2 1 1
56. Draw the graph of a function that is discontinuous at x = 2, has a lim and lim+ ?
x S 2- x - 2 xS2 x - 2
limit of 2 as x S 2, and has a value of 3 at x = 2.
72. Is there a difference between
57. A certain object, after being heated, cools at such a rate that its
1 1
temperature T (in °C) decreases 10% each minute. If the object lim and lim+ ?
x S 2 - 2x - 2 x S 2 2x - 2
is originally heated to 100°C, find lim T and lim T, where t is the
t S 10 tS ∞
time (in min).
58. The area A (in mm2) of the pupil of a certain person’s eye is given
36 + 24b3
by A = , where b is the brightness (in lumens) of the
1 + 4b3
light source. Between what values does A vary if b Ú 0?