NEGROS ACADEMY

Tampocon II, Ayungon Negros Oriental

Division of Negros Oriental
Region VII

LEARNING MODULE
IN
MATHEMATICS 10
2nd Quarter

Name of student:___________________________________________
Section: ____________________________
COMPETENCIES:

 illustrates polynomial functions.

 understand, describe and interpret the graphs of polynomial functions.
 solves problems involving polynomial functions.

I. PRE-TEST:

Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. Encircle only
the letter of the choice that you think best answers the question.

1. What should n be if f(x) = x defines a polynomial function?

n

A. an integer C. any number

B. a nonnegative integer D. any number except 0

2. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function

fx=2 x+ x3 + 4

A. 1 C. 3

B. 2 D. 4
5
3. How should the polynomial function fx=2 x+ x3 +3 x ¿ +4 ¿ be written in
standard form?
5
` A. fx=2 x+ x3 +3 x ¿ +4 ¿

B. fx=4+3 x 5 +2 x ¿ + x 3

C. fx=4+2 x ¿ + x 3+ 3 x 5

D. fx=3 x 5+ x3 +2 x +4
4. Which of the following could be the graph of the polynomial function
y=x 3 + 4 x 2+3 x−12 ?

A. C.

B. D.

5. A car manufacturer determines that its profit, P, in thousands of pesos,

can be modeled by the function P(x) = 0.00125x4 + x – 3, where x
represents the number of cars sold. What is the profit when x = 300?

A. Php 101.25 C. Php 3,000,000.00

B. Php 1,039,500.00 D. D. Php 10,125,297.00

 II. DISCUSSION

A polynomial function is a function of the form

P ( x ) =an x n+ an−1 x n−1 +a n−2 x n−2+ … a1 x +a 0 , where a ≠ 0

where n is a nonnegative integer,a 0 , a1 , … ,a nare real numbers called

coefficients,a n x n is the leading term,a nis the leading coefficient, and
a 0 , is the constant.

The terms of a polynomial may be written in any order. However, if they

are written in decreasing powers of x, we say the polynomial function is in
standard form.

Other than P(x), a polynomial function may also be denoted by f(x).

Sometimes, a polynomial function is represented by a set P of ordered pairs
(x,y). Thus, a polynomial function can be written in different ways, like the
following

f ( x )=an x n +a n−1 x n−1+ an−2 xn−2 +… a 1 x +a0

y=an x n + an−1 x n−1+ an−2 xn −2 +… a 1 x +a0

EXAMPLES :
Study the table below

Polynomial Function in
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degre Leading Constant
e Coefficient Term

1. f ( x ) = 2 – 11x + 2x2 fx=2 x 2−11 x+ 2 2 2 2

2 x3 5 2 x3 5
2. fx= + +15 x fx= + 15 x + 3 2 5
3 3 3 3
3 3
3. y=x (x 2−3) y=x 3−3 x ¿
3 1 0
4 . y =−x ( x +3 ) ( x−3) 3
y=−x +9 x ¿ 2
−1 0
3

5. y= ( x + 4 ) (x−1) ( x −1 )2 y=x 3−4 x 2 +2 x −1 3 1 −1

Number 4 and 5 are factored form polynomial, expand the polynomial before writing it to
standard form.
x-intercepts and y – intercept of a graph
x-intercepts - these are the x-values when y = 0, thus, the point(s) where the graph
intersects the x-axis can be determined.

y – intercept - the y-value when x = 0, thus, the point(s) where the graph
intersects the y-axis can be determined.

EXAMPLES :
1. The Graph of polynomial function y=2 x 3−7 x 2−7 x +12 , in factored form
y= (2 x +3 ) ( x−1 ) (x−4 )

Solution: when x = 0
y=2 x 3−7 x 2−7 x +12

y=2(0¿¿ 3)−7(0¿¿ 2)−7(0)+12 ¿ ¿

y=12 y – intercept

when y=0, equate each factor to zero to get the y – intercept

0=( 2 x +3 )
−3
x=
2

0=( x−1 ) x-intercepts

x=1
0=( x−4 )
x=4

y=12

3
x= x =1 x =4
2
2. The Graph of polynomial function y=−x5 −3 x 4 −x 3+ 7 x2 + 4 , in factored
form y=−( x+1 )2 ( x−1 ) (x−4 )2

Solution: when y=0

x-intercepts are:
2
y=−( x+1 )
y=−( x+1 ) (x +1)
0=−( x+ 1 )
x=−1

y=−( x−1 )
0=−( x−1 )
x=1

2
y=−( x−2 )
y=−( x−2 ) ¿)
0=−( x−2 )
x=2

y=4

x=1 x=2

x=−1
 3. The Graph of polynomial function y=x 4 −7 x 2+ 6 x ,
in factored form y=x ( x+ 3 ) (x−1)( x−2).

Solution: when y=0

x-intercepts are:

y=x
0=x
x=0

y= ( x +3 )
0=x+ 3
x=−3

y=(x−1)
0=x−1
x=1

y=(x−2)
0=x−2
x=2

x=0
x=−3 x=1
x=2
 4. The Graph of polynomial function y=−x 4 +2 x 3 +13 x 2−14 x−24 , in
factored form y=−(x +3) ( x +1 ) ( x −2 )( x−4 ) .

Solution: when y=0

x-intercepts are:

y=−( x+3 )
0=−x−3
x=−3

y=−( x+1 )
0=−x−1
x=−1

y=−( x−2 )
0=−x+ 2
x=2

y=−( x−4 )
0=−x+ 4
x=4

x=−3 x=−1 x=2 x=4

Polynomial functions and their corresponding graphs.
Case 1
The degree of the polynomial is odd number and the leading coefficient
is positive.
degree of polynomial which is the highest degree.

y=2 x 3−7 x 2−7 x +12

the leading coefficient is positive value.

Possible sketch of the graph

right hand rising

Left had falling

Case 2

The degree of the polynomial is odd number and the leading

coefficient is negative.
Degree of polynomial is an odd number
y=−x −3 x −x 3+ 7 x2 + 4
5 4

The leading coefficient is negative value

Possible sketch of the graph

Left hand rising

Right hand falling

Case 3

The degree of the polynomial is even number and the leading

coefficient is positive value.

degree of polynomial is even number

4 2
y=x −7 x + 6 x

leading coefficient is positive value

Possible sketch of the graph

left hand rising right hand rising

Case 4

The degree of the polynomial is even number and the leading

coefficient is negative value.

degree of polynomial is even number

y=−x +2 x +13 x 2−14 x−24
4 3

leading coefficient is positive value

Possible sketch of the graph

left hand falling right hand falling

 Exercises:
A. Determine the x-intercept/s and the y-intercept of each given polynomial function.
(Write your solutions at the back of this module.)

1. y=−x3 −2 x 2 +5 x+6 , factored form y=−( x+3 )( x +1 ) ( x−2)

x-intercepts: __ __ __

y-intercept: __

2. y=x 2 ( x+3 )( x +1 )( x−1 ) ¿

x-intercepts: __ __ __ __ __

y-intercept: __

3. y= ( x +5 ) ( 2 x +3 )( x−2 ) ( x−4)

x-intercepts: __ __ __ __ __

y-intercept: __

B. Complete the table. In the last column, draw a possible graph for the function,
showing how the function behaves. (You do not need to place your graph on the
xy-plane). The first one is done for you.

Behavior of the
Leading Degree: Graph: Rising
Polynomial Function Coefficie Even or or Falling Possible
nt Odd Lef t Right- Sketch
−¿+¿ -hand hand
3 2
1. y=2 x −7 x −7 x +12
+¿ Odd Falling Rising

2. y=2 x 4 −3 x 3−18 x 2 +6 x+ 28

3. y=−x3 +2 x 2−2 x + 4

4. y=−4 x 4 −4 x 2−7 x 2 +8 x−2

5. y=3 x 3−2 x 2+ 5 x +2
Turning point/s
The turning point/s of a graph occur when the function changes from
decreasing to increasing or from increasing to decreasing values.

EXAMPLES :

Study the table below

Polynomial Function Sketch Degree Number of

Turning
Points

y=x 4
4 1
Turning
point

y=x 4 −2 x2 −15 Turning points

4 3

No turning point because there is no

increasing to decreasing or
decreasing to increasing of values.
y=x 5
5 0

EVALUATION
 A. Complete the table.
Behavior of the
Leading Degree: Graph: Rising
Polynomial Function Coefficient Even or or Falling Possible
−¿+¿ Odd Lef t Right- Sketch
-hand hand

1. y=x 4 + 2 x 3−5 x 2−6 x

2. y=−x5 +3 x 4 +18 x 3+ 7 x 2 + 4

3. y=x 3 +2 x 2−2 x + 4

4. y=x 5 – 5 x 3+ 4 x

5. y=−2 x 4 +3 x 3 – 18 x2 +6 x
B. Complete the table.
Polynomial Function Sketch Degree Number of
Turning
Points

y=x 3−x 2 + x +1

y=x 5 + x 3−2 x+ 1

y=x 5−5 x 3 +4 x

y=−x5 −3 x 4 −x 3+ 7 x2 + 4