Partial Differential Equations (MA20103)

Assignment -1

I- Power Series Solution

1. Find power series solution of y′′ + xy′ + x 2 y =

0 about x = 0
  1 4 1 6   1 3 1 5 
 Ans : y = c0 1 − 12 x + 90 x − ...  + c1  x − 6 x + 40 x − ...  
    

0 in powers of ( x − 2 )
2. Find the power series solution of y′′ + ( x − 3) y′ + y =
  1 1 1 
 Ans : y = c0 1 − 2 ( x − 2 ) − 6 ( x − 2 ) − 12 ( x − 2 ) ... 
2 3 4

  
 1 1 1 
+c1  ( x − 2 ) + ( x − 2 ) − ( x − 2 ) − ( x − 2 ) ...  
2 3 4

 2 6 6 
3. Solve y′′ − 2 x y′ + 4 xy = x + 2 x + 4 in powers of x
2 2

  2 3 2 6   1 4 1 7  1 3 1 4 1 6 1 7 
 Ans : y = c0 1 − 3 x − 45 x − ...  + c1  x − 6 x − 63 x − ...  + 2 x + 3 x + 12 x + 45 x + 126 x + ...
2

     

4. Apply Frobenius method to solve the following differential equation in series about
x=0
2 x y′′ − xy′ + (1 − x 2 ) y =
2
0
  x2 x4  1
 x2 x4 
 Ans : y = ax  1 + + + ....  + bx 2
 1 + + + ....  
  2⋅5 2⋅ 4⋅5⋅9   2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3⋅ 4 ⋅ 7 

5. Show that x = 0 is a regular singular point of ( 2 x + x3 ) y′′ − y′ − 6 xy =

0 and find its
series solution about x = 0 .
  3 4  2 
3
3 2 3 4 
 Ans : y = a  1 + 3 x 2
+ x + ....  + bx 1 + x − x + ....  
  5   8 128 

6. Solve x 2 y′′ + xy′ + ( x 2 − 1) y =

0 in series near x = 0 .
 −1  x2 x4 x6  −1  x2 1 2 1 
 Ans : y = ax  − + + + ....  + bx  1 + − 2  +  x 4 + ....  +
 2 2 ⋅4 2 ⋅4 ⋅6  2 2 ⋅4  2 4 
2 2 2 2
  

 x2 x4 x6 
bx −1 ln x  − + 2 + 2 2 + ....  
 2 2 ⋅4 2 ⋅4 ⋅6 

1
II Legendre equation and Legendre polynomial
7. Show that

1
( 3 x 2 − 1) , P3 ( x) = ( 5 x3 − 3 x ) , P4 ( x) = ( 35 x 4 − 30 x 2 + 3) 8
P0 ( x) = 1, P1 ( x) = x, P2 ( x) =
2
1
2
st
where Pn ( x) is the Legendre function of 1 kind.

8. Express P ( x) = x 4 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 − x − 3 in terms of Legendre’s polynomials.

9. Show that
(i) Pn (1) = 1
(ii) Pn (− x) =−
( 1) n Pn ( x)

10. Prove that when n is odd Pn (0) = 0

Pn +1 − Pn −1
11. Prove that C + ∫ Pn dx = where C is a constant.
2n + 1

III Bessel equation and Bessel function

 2   2 
12. Show that J − 1 ( x) =   cos x and J 12 ( x) =   sin x where J n ( x) is the Bessel
2
πx  πx 
function of 1st kind.

13. Prove that

J 0 ′ = − J1
2 J 0′′
J2 − J0 =

14. Establish the differential formula

x 2 J n′′ ( x )= ( n 2 − n − x 2 ) J n ( x ) + xJ n +1 ( x ) , n = 0,1, 2,....

15. Prove that

x ( J n2 − J n2+1 )
d
( xJ n J=
n +1 )
dx