NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2014–2015

MH1811 – MATHEMATICS 2

APRIL 2015 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

Matriculation Number:

Seat Number:

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This examination paper contains EIGHT (8) questions and comprises

SIXTEEN (16) pages, including an Appendix.

2. Answer ALL questions. The marks for each question are indicated at the
beginning of each question.

3. This IS NOT an OPEN BOOK exam. However, a list of formulae is provided

in the Appendix.

4. Candidates may use calculators. However, they should write down systemati-
cally the steps in the workings.

5. All your solutions should be written in this booklet within the space provided
after each question. If you use an additional answer book, attach it to this
booklet and hand them in at the end of the examination.

For examiners only

Question Marks Question Marks

1 (15) 5 (14) TOTAL (100)

2 (15) 6 (12)

3 (10) 7 (14)

4 (10) 8 (10)
 MH1811
QUESTION 1. (15 Marks)
Consider the differential equation

x2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + y = 4 ln x. − − − (∗)

(a) Suppose y1 (x) is a solution of the associated homogeneous differential equation

of (*), and y(x) = C(x)y1 (x) is a general solution of (*). Show that C(x)
satisfies the following differential equation

2x2 y10 + 3xy1 C 0 + x2 y1 C 00 = 4 ln x.

(b) Verify that y1 (x) = x−1 is a solution of the associated homogeneous differential
equation of (*).

Question 1 continues on page 3.

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(c) Use parts (a) and (b) to solve the differential equation (*).

End of Question 1.

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QUESTION 2. (15 Marks)

∞  
X 1 1
(a) Consider the series √
3
−√
3
.
n=2
3n + 2 3n + 5
m  
X 1 1
(i) Find a formula for the partial sum sm = √
3
−√
3
.
n=2
3n + 2 3n + 5

∞  
X 1 1
(ii) Is the series √
3
−√
3
convergent? Justify your answer.
n=2
3n + 2 3n + 5

Question 2 continues on page 5.

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1
∞ sin
X 3 ln n
(b) Is the series is convergent? Justify your answer.
n=3
n

End of Question 2.

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QUESTION 3. (10 Marks)
A tank with a capacity of 400L is full of a mixture of water and chlorine with a
concentration of 0.05g of chlorine per liter. In order to reduce the concentration of
chlorine, fresh water is pumped into the tank at a rate of 5L/s. The mixture is kept
stirred and is pumped out at a rate of 10 L/s.
Determine the time t0 when there is no mixture in the tank and find the amount of
1
chlorine in the tank at time t = t0 .
2

End of Question 3.

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QUESTION 4. (10 Marks)
Verify that the following differential equation is exact and proceed to solve it.

sin(xy) + xy cos(xy) + y 2 + e3x dx + x2 cos(xy) + 2xy dy = 0.

   

End of Question 4.

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 MH1811
QUESTION √ 5. (14 Marks)
Let f (x) = 4 + x.
√
(a) Find the Taylor polynomial, T3 (x), of f (x) = 4 + x at a = 0.

√
(b) Approximate 3.6 using your result in part (a).

Question 5 continues on page 9.

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√
(c) The value f (x) = 4 + x is estimated by T2 (x) for |x| < 0.2. Use the Taylor’s
remainder to show that the error is at most 2 × 10−4 .

End of Question 5.

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QUESTION 6. (12 Marks)
1 √
Let f (x, y) = 2 + xy.
xy

(a) Determine the domain D of f and sketch the domain on an xy-plane.

(b) Determine the rate of change in f at (1, 4) along the direction v = i − j.

Question 6 continues on page 11.

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∂f
(c) Suppose x = es+2t and y = t2 + s2 . Use Chain Rule to find when s = −2
∂t
and t = 1.

End of Question 6.

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QUESTION 7. (14 Marks)
Consider the function

√
if y ≥ 0;

 x+ y

f (x, y) =
 x6 − 4x2 y 2

 if y < 0.
x4 y + 3y 3
.

(a) Does the limit lim f (x, y) exist? Justify your answer.
(x,y)→(0,0)

(b) Does fy (0, 0) exist? If it exists, what is its value? Justify your answer.

Question 7 continues on page 13.

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ZZ
(c) Evaluate f (x, y) dx dy over the triangular region R with vertices (0, 0),
R
(0, 2) and (1, 0).

End of Question 7.

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QUESTION 8. (10 Marks)
2 2 2 2
Let f (x, y) = (2x−x )(y −4y) and S = {(x, y) : x + y > 4}. Classify all stationary
points of f in the region S as local maximum, local minimum or saddle points.

End of Question 8.

END OF PAPER

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Appendix

Derivatives

d
dx
(xn ) = nxn−1
d d
dx
(sin x) = cos x dx
(cos x) = − sin x
d d
dx
(tan x) = sec2 x dx
(cot x) = − csc2 x
d d
dx
(sec x) = sec x tan x dx
(csc x) = − csc x cot x
d d 1
dx
(ex ) = ex dx
(ln x) = x
d
dx
(sin−1 x) = √ 1
1−x2
d
dx
(tan−1 x) = 1
1+x2
d d
dx
(sinh x) = cosh x dx
(cosh x) = sinh x
d
dx
(tanh x) = sech2 x d
dx
(sinh−1 x) = √ 1
x2 +1

Antiderivatives

xn+1 1
R R
xn dx = n+1
+ C, n 6= −1 x
dx = ln |x| + C
R R
sin x dx = − cos x + C cos x dx = sin x + C
R R
sec2 x dx = tan x + C csc2 x dx = − cot x + C
R R
tan x sec x dx = sec x + C cot x csc x dx = − csc x + C
R R
tan x dx = ln | sec x| + C ex dx = ex + C
R R
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C csc x dx = − ln | csc x + cot x| + C
1 1
dx = sin−1 (x) + C dx = tan−1 x + C
R R
√
1 − x2 1 + x2

Trigonometry
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
sin (2θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ cos (2θ) = cos2 θ − sin2 θ
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin (A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B
cos (A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B cos (A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A tan B

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Variation of Parameters.

 C0 y + C0 y = 0
1 1 2 2
yp = C1 (x)y1 (x) + C2 (x)y2 (x) where .
 C 0 y 0 + C 0 y 0 = F/a
1 1 2 2

Taylor Series of f (x) about a.

f 00 (a) f (n) (a)
f (a) + f 0 (a) (x − a) + (x − a)2 + · · · + (x − a)n + · · ·
2! n!
Taylor Remainder
f (n+1) (c)
Rn (x) = (x − a)n+1 , for some real number c between x and a.
(n + 1)!

Maclaurin Series of some functions.

1
= 1 + x + x2 + · · · + xn + · · · (|x| < 1)
1−x
x2 xn
ex = 1 + x + + ··· + + ··· (|x| < ∞)
2! n!
x3 x5 (−1)n x2n+1
sin x = x − + − ··· + + ··· (|x| < ∞)
3! 5! (2n + 1)!
x2 x4 (−1)n x2n
cos x = 1 − + − ··· + + ··· (|x| < ∞)
2! 4! (2n)!
x2 x3 (−1)n+1 xn
ln (1 + x) = x − + − ··· + + ··· (−1 < x ≤ 1)
2 3 n
Linearization of f (x, y) about (a, b)
L(x, y) = f (a, b) + fx (a, b) (x − a) + fy (a, b) (y − b)

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