College of Science and Engineering ISU 義守大學理工學院 微積分(一) Section 2.

5 106-1 1
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Section 2.5 Implicit Differentiation

課後練習題 + 各題解答 (教師用)。

Question 1 Find dy/dx by implicit differentiation. Question 3 Find an equation of the tangent line to
√ the graph at the given point.
1. xy = x2 y + 1
1. Astroid: x2/3 + y 2/3 = 5, (8, 1)
1
Ans : √ · (y + xy ′ ) = 2xy + x2 y ′
2 xy 2 2
√ Ans : + 1/3 · y ′ = 0
′ y(1 − 4x xy) 3x 1/3 3y
y = √
x(2x xy − 1) −y 1/3 −1
y′ = √ = at (8, 1)
x 1/3 2
2. 4 cos x sin y = 1 −1
Tangent line: y − 1 = (x − 8)
2
Ans :4(cos x cos y · y ′ − sin x sin y) = 0
sin x sin y 2. Kappa curve: y 2 (x2 + y 2 ) = 2x2 ,
y′ = (1, 1)
cos x cos y
Ans :y 2 (2x + 2y · y ′ ) + 2y · y ′ (x2 + y 2 ) = 4x
Question 2 16y 2 − x2 = 16 x(2 − y 2 ) 1
y′ = 2 2
= at (1, 1)
(a) Find two explicit functions by solving the equation y(x + 2y ) 3
for y in terms of x. 1
Tangent line: y − 1 = (x − 1)
3
1√
Ans :y+ = 16 + x2
4 Question 4 Hyperbola
−1 √
y− = 16 + x2
4 (a) Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of
2 2
the tangent line to the hyperbola x6 − y8 = 1 at
(b) Sketch the graph of the equation and label the parts (3, −2).
given by the corresponding explicit functions.
x y
y+ and y− Ans : − · y ′ = 0
3 4
2 y ′ 4x
1 y = = −2 at (3, −2)
x 3y
−4 −2 −1 2 4 Tangent line: y + 2 = −2(x − 3)

−2
(b) Show that the equation of the tangent line to the
2 2

(c) Differentiate the explicit functions. hyperbola xa2 − yb2 = 1 at (x0 , y0 ) is xa02x − yb02y = 1.

1 x 2x 2y ′
′
Ans :y+ = ·√ Ans : − 2 ·y =0
4 16 + x2 a2 b
x 2
−1 0 /a
′
y− = ·√
x y′ = at (x0 , y0 )
4 16 + x2 y0 /b2
x0 y0 x2 y 2
Tangent line: 2 x − 2 y = 20 − 20 = 1
(d) Find dy/dx implicitly and show that the result is a b a b
equivalent to that of part (c).
Question 5 Find d2 y/dx2 implicitly in terms of x
Ans :32y · y ′ − 2x = 0 and y.
x by (a) 1 x
y′ = ===== ± · √
16y 4 16 + x2
College of Science and Engineering ISU 義守大學理工學院 微積分(一) Section 2.5 106-1 2

1. x2 − y 2 = 36
d x
Ans : : 2x − 2y · y ′ = 0, y ′ =
dx y
d 2
: 2 − 2y · y ′′ − 2(y ′ )2 = 0
dx2
1 − (y ′ )2 y 2 − x2 −36
y ′′ = = = 3
y y3 y

2. xy − 1 = 2x + y 2
d 2−y
Ans : : x · y ′ + y = 2 + 2y · y ′ , y ′ =
dx x − 2y
d2
: y ′ + xy ′′ + y ′ = 2y · y ′′ + 2(y ′ )2
dx2
2y ′ (y ′ − 1) 2(y − 2)(x − y − 2) 10
y ′′ = = =
x − 2y (x − 2y) 3 (x − 2y)3