SET - A

Max. Marks: 30 MTH 174 CA-2 Roll No......... Marks Obtained......

Q. No. Question CO Bloom Marks

Level

(a) Find degree, order, homogeneous or not, constant coefficients or variable,

linear or non- linear, also find the interval on which following is normal.
 
1 sin x CO2 L2 5,5
y ′′ + 7(x − 1)y ′ + 6y = ln x
x−1

(b) Check Linear dependence of functions ex , e2x , e3x .

2 (a) Solve the differential equation x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − 6y = 0 CO2 L2 5,5

1
e−2x + 3 sin x


(b) Solve D 2 +4D+4

3 Solve y ′′′ + 2y ′′ + y ′ − 18y = 2x2 + 3x. CO2 L2 10

Solution of SET-A K23DG

Question 1(a). Find degree, order, homogeneous or not, constant coefficients or variable, linear
or non- linear, also find the interval on which following is normal.
sin x
 
y ′′ + 7(x − 1)y ′ + 6y = ln x.
x−1
Solution: The given differential equations has Order = 2, Degree = 1, Non-homogeneous, Variable
coefficients and is a linear differential equation. In this differential equation we have
sin x
ao (x) =
x−1
a1 (x) = 7(x − 1)
a2 (x) = 6
r(x) = log(x)
x
Note that ao (x) ̸= 0 =⇒ sin x−1
̸= 0 =⇒ sin x ̸= 0 =⇒ x ̸= nπ, n ∈ Z. All of the given
sin x
functions a0 (x) = x−1 is well defined for x ̸= 1. a1 (X), a2 (x) are well defined being polynomials.
log(x) is defined for x > 0. a0 (x) is not continuous at x = 1. All other functions are continuous
being polynomials and Logarithmic functions on their domains. Hence the interval on which given
equation is normal is (0, 1) ∪ (1, π) ∪ (π, 2π) ∪ ...
Question 1(b). Check Linear dependence of functions ex , e2x , e3x
Solution: For this we will find the Wronskian
ex e2x e3x
W = ex 2e2x 3e3x
ex 4e4x 9e3x
1 1 1
= ex .e2x .e3x 1 2 3
1 4 9
= e6x (1(18 − 12) − 1(9 − 3) + 1(4 − 2))
= 2e6x ̸= 0

Therefore, given functions are linearly independent.

Question 2 (a) Solve the differential equation x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − 6y = 0
Solution: Put t = ln x =⇒ xD = D′ , x2 D2 = D′ (D′ − 1).

(D′ (D′ − 1) + D′ − 6)y = 0

D′2 − 6 = 0

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m2 − 6 = 0
√
m=± 6

Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is

√ √
y c = c1 e 6t
+ c2 e− 6t
√ √
6 − 6
= c1 x + c2 x
1
Question 2 (b) Solve D2 +4D+4 (e−2x + 3 sin x) .
Solution: Consider the following
1 
−2x
 1 1
2
e + 3 sin x = 2 e−2x + 3 2 sin x
D + 4D + 4 D + 4D + 4 D + 4D + 4
1 −2x 1
= e + 3 sin x
(−2)2 + 4(−2) + 4 −12 + 4D + 4
1 1
= e−2x + 3 sin x
0 3 + 4D
1 (3 − 4D)
=x e−2x + 3 sin x
2D + 4 (3 − 4D)(3 + 4D)
x2 (3 − 4D)
= e−2x + 3 sin x
2 (9 − 16D2 )
x2 (3 − 4D)
= e−2x + 3 sin x
2 (9 − 16(−12 ))
x2 3
= e−2x + (3 sin x − 4 cos x)
2 25
Question 3. Solve y ′′′ + 2y ′′ + y ′ − 18y = 2x2 + 3x.
d d2 d3
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 3
2 , D = dx3 .

(D3 + 2D2 + D − 18)y = 2x2 + 3x.

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m3 + 2m2 + m − 18 = 0

By Hit and Trial one of the root is m = 2.

m3 m2 m constant
2 1 2 1 -18
0 2 8 18
1 4 9 0
Therefore other two roots are given by:

m2 + 4m + 9 = 0
√
−4 ± −20 √
m= = −2 ± 5i
2 √
∴ m = 2, −2 ± 5i

Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is

 √ √ 
yc = c1 e2x + e−2x c2 cos( 5x) + c3 sin( 5x) .

Now we will find PI

1
yp (x) = (2x2 + 3x)
+D3 + D − 18
2D2
1
= 3 (2x2 + 3x)
D + 2D + D − 18
2

1
=−   (2x2 + 3x)
D3 +2D2 +D
18 1 − 18
!−1
1 D3 + 2D2 + D
=− 1− (2x2 + 3x)
18 18
 !2 
1 D3 + 2D2 + D D3 + 2D2 + D
= − 1 + + + ... (2x2 + 3x)
18 18 18
!
1 D2 D D2
=− (2x2 + 3x) + (2x2 + 3x) + (2x2 + 3x) + 2 (2x2 + 3x) + 0
18 9 18 18
1 4 1 1
 
=− 2x2 + 3x + + (4x + 3) +
18  9 18 81
1 29 101

=− 2x2 + x +
18 9 162
The general solution is given as
 √ √  1

29 101

y = yc + yp = c1 e2x + e−2x c2 cos( 5x) + c3 sin( 5x) − 2x2 + x +
18 9 162

SET - B
Max. Marks: 30 MTH 174 CA-2 Roll No......... Marks Obtained......

Q. No. Question CO Bloom Marks

Level

(a) Show that e−4x and xe−4x is solution of y ′′ + 8y ′ + 16y = 0 on any

1 interval and show that these solutions are linearly independent. CO2 L2 5, 5

(b) Check linear independence (i) sin x, cos x (ii) ex , e−x .

2 Solve the differential equation y ′′′ + 2y ′′ + 3y ′ − 22y = e2x + 5 sin x. CO2 L2 10

3 Solve y ′′ + 5y ′ − 24y = 6e3x + 7e−8x − 2x CO2 L2 10

Solution of SET-B K23DG

Question 1(a). Show that e−4x and xe−4x is solution of y ′′ + 8y ′ + 16y = 0 on any interval and
show that these solutions are linearly independent.
Solution: First we show y = e−4x is solution:
y = e−4x
y′ = −4e−4x
y ′′ = 16e4x
LHS y ′′ + 8y ′ + 16y = 16e−4x − 32e−4x + 16e−4x = 0 RHS

Now we will show that y = xe−4x is solution of given equation

y = xe−4x
y ′ = −4xe−4x + e−4x = e−4x (−4x + 1)
y ′′ = e−4x (−4) − 4e−4x (−4x + 1)
= e−4x (16x − 8)
LHS y ′′ + 8y ′ + 16y = e−4x (16x − 8) − 8(e−4x (−4x + 1)) + 16xe−4x
= 0 RHS

Now, we will prove that e4x , xe−4x are linearly independent:

y1 y2
W =
y1′ y2′
 e−4x xe−4x
= = −4xe−8x + e−8x + 4xe−8x
−4e−4x −4xe−4x + e−4x
= e−8x ̸= 0

So e4x , xe−4x are linearly independent.

Question 1(b). Check linear independence (i) sin x, cos x (ii) ex , e−x .
Solution: For this we will find the Wronskian
sin x cos x
(i)W =
cos x − sin x
= − sin2 x − cos2 x = −(sin2 x + cos2 x)
= −1 ̸= 0

Therefore, given functions are linearly independent.

ex e−x
(ii)W =
ex −e−x
= −e0 − e0 = −1 − 1
= −2 ̸= 0

Therefore, given functions are linearly independent.

Question 2. Solve the differential equation y ′′′ + 2y ′′ + 3y ′ − 22y = e2x + 5 sin x.

d d2 d3
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 3
2 and D = dx3

(D3 + 2D2 + 3D − 22)y = e2x + 5 sin x

The Auxiliary equation is the following:

m3 + 2m2 + 3m − 22 = 0

By Hit and Trial one of the root is m = 2.

m3 m2 m constant
2 1 2 3 -22
0 2 8 22
1 4 11 0
Therefore other two roots are given by:

m2 + 4m + 11 = 0
√
−4 ± 16 − 44
m=
2
 √
−4 ± 2 7i √
m= = −2 ± 7i
2
√
Therefore the roots of A.E. are 2, −2 ± 7i and complimentary solution of given equation is
√ √
yc = c1 e2x + e−2x (c2 cos( 7x) + c3 sin( 7x)).

Now we will find PI

1 
2x

yp (x) = e + 5 sin x
D3 + 2D2 + 3D − 22
1 1
= 3 e2x + 5 3 sin x
D + 2D + 3D − 22
2 D + 2D + 3D − 22
2

1 1
= 3 e2x + 5 2 sin x
2 + 2(2) + 3(2) − 22
2 D .D + 2D2 + 3D − 22
1 1
= e2x + 5 2 sin x
0 −1 .D + 2(−12 ) + 3D − 22
1 1
=x 2 e2x + 5 sin x
3D + 4D + 3 2(D − 12)
1 1
=x e2x + 5 sin x
2
3(2) + 4(2) + 3 2(D − 12)
x (D + 12)
= e2x + 5 sin x
23 2(D + 12)(D − 12)
x (D + 12)
= e2x + 5 sin x
23 2(D2 − 144)
x (D + 12)
= e2x + 5 sin x
23 2(−12 − 144)
x 5
= e2x − (D sin x + 12 sin x)
23 −290
x 1
= e2x − (cos x + 12 sin x)
23 58
The general solution is given as
√ √ x 5
y = yc + yp = c1 e2x + e−2x (c2 cos( 7x) + c3 sin( 7x)) + e2x − (cos x + 10 sin x).
23 202
Question 3. Solve y ′′ + 5y ′ − 24y = 6e3x + 7e−8x − 2x.
d d2
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 2.

(D2 + 5D − 24)y = 6e3x + 7e−8x − 2x

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m2 + 5m − 24 = 0
(m + 8)(m − 3) = 0
m = 3, −8
Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is

yc = c1 e3x + c2 e−8x .

Now we will find PI

1 
3x −8x

yp (x) = 6e + 7e − 2x
D2 + 5D − 24
1 1 1
=6 2 e3x + 7 2 e−8x − 2 2 x
D + 5D − 24 D + 5D − 24 D + 5D − 24
1 1 1
= 6x e3x + 7x e−8x − 2 2 +5D x (∵ 3, −8 are roots of AE)
2D + 5 2D + 5 −24(1 − D 24 )
!−1
1 1 1 D2 + 5D
= 6x e3x + 7x e−8x + 1− x
2(3) + 5 2(−8) + 5 12 24
!
2
6 7 1 D + 5D
= xe3x − xe−8x + 1+ − ... x
11 11 12 24
6 3x 7 −8x 1 5
 
= xe − xe + x+ −0
11 11 12  24 
6 7 1 5
= xe3x − xe−8x + x+
11 11 12 24

The general solution is given as

6 7 1 5
 
−8x
y = yc + yp = c1 e3x
+ c2 e + xe3x − xe−8x + x+ .
11 11 12 24
 SET - C
Max. Marks: 30 MTH 174 CA-2 Roll No......... Marks Obtained......

Q. No. Question CO Bloom Marks

Level

(a) Find degree, order, homogeneous or not, constant coefficients or variable,

linear or non- linear, also find the interval on which following is a normal
1 differential equation x3 y ′ + 7xy ′′ + 6y = log(2x2 ). CO2 L2 5,5

(b) For which values of m, the function y = emx is solution of differential

equation y ′′ + 7y ′ + 6y = 0

2 Solve the differential equation y ′′ − 5y ′ − 24y = e−3x + 2 sin x + 5. CO2 L2 10

3 Solve y ′′′ + 2y ′ − 3y = 2xe−x + 2024. CO2 L2 10

Solution of SET-C K23DG

Question 1(a). Find degree, order, homogeneous or not, constant coefficients or variable, linear or
nonlinear, also find the interval on which following is a normal differential equation x3 y ′ +7xy ′′ +6y =
log(2x2 ).
Solution: The given differential equations has Order = 2, Degree = 1, Non-homogeneous, Variable
coefficients and is a linear differential equation. In this differential equation we have

ao (x) = 7x
a1 (x) = x3
a2 (x) = 6
r(x) = log(2x2 )

Note that ao (x) ̸= 0 =⇒ 7x ̸= 0 =⇒ x ̸= 0. All of the given functions a0 (x), a1 (x), a2 (x) are well
defined being polynomials. log(2x2 ) is not defined at x = 0. All of the given functions are continuous
being polynomials and Logarithmic functions on their domains. Hence the interval on which given
equation is normal is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).

Question 1(b). For which values of m, the function y = emx is solution of differential equation
y ′′ + 7y ′ + 6y = 0
Solution: Given y = emx is solution of the given equation y ′′ + 7y ′ + 6y = 0.

y = emx
y ′ = memx
 y ′′ = m2 emx

Substituting these values in the given differential equation, we have

m2 emx + 7memx + 6emx = 0

emx (m2 + 7m + 6) = 0
=⇒ m2 + 7m + 6 = 0 (∵ emx ̸= 0)
=⇒ (m + 6)(m + 1) = 0
m = −6, −1.
Question 2. Solve the differential equation y ′′ − 5y ′ − 24y = e−3x + 2 sin x + 5.
d d2
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 2.

(D2 − 5D − 24)y = e−3x + 2 sin x + 5

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m2 − 5m − 24 = 0
(m − 8)(m + 3) = 0
∴ m = 8, −3.
Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is
yc = c1 e8x + c2 e−3x .
Now we will find PI
1 
−3x

yp (x) = e + 2 sin x + 5
D2 − 5D − 24
1 1 1
= 2 e−3x + 2 2 sin x + 5 2 e0x
D − 5D − 24 D − 5D − 24 D − 5D − 24
1 1 1
=x e−3x + 2 2 sin x + 5 2 e0x
2D − 5 −1 − 5D − 24 0 − 5(0) − 24
1 1 5
=x e−3x − 2 sin x −
2(−3) − 5 5(D + 5) 24
x 2 (D − 5) 5
= − e−3x − sin x −
11 5 (D + 5)(D − 5) 24
x 2 (D − 5) 5
= − e−3x − sin x −
11 5 D − 25
2 24
x −3x 2 (D − 5) 5
=− e − sin x −
11 5 −12 − 25 24
x −3x 2 (D − 5) 5
=− e − sin x −
11 5 −26 24
x −3x 1 5
=− e + (cos x − 5 sin x) −
11 65 24
The general solution is given as
x −3x 1 5
y = yc + yp = c1 e8x + c2 e−3x − e + (cos x − 5 sin x) − .
11 65 24
Question 3. Solve y ′′′ + 2y ′ − 3y = 2xe−x + 2024.
d d2 d3
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 3
2 , D = dx3 .

(D3 + 2D − 3)y = 2xe−x + 2024.

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m3 + 2m − 3 = 0

By Hit and Trial one of the root is m = 1.

m3 m2 m constant
1 1 0 2 -3
0 1 1 3
1 1 3 0
Therefore other two roots are given by:

m2 + m + 3 = 0
√
−1 ± −11
m=
2 √
−1 11
∴ m = 1, ±i
2 2
Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is
√ ! √ !!
x − 21 x 11 11
yc = c1 e + e c1 cos x + c2 sin x .
2 2

Now we will find PI

1 
−x

yp (x) = 2xe + 2024.
D3 + 2D − 3
1 1
=2 3 e−x x + 2024 3 e0x
D + 2D − 3 D + 2D − 3
1 1
= 2e−x x + 2024 3 e0x
(D − 1) + 2(D − 1) − 3
3 0 + 2(0) − 3
1 2024
= 2e−x 3 x−
D − 1 − 3D + 3D + 2D − 2 − 3
2 3
1 2024
= 2e−x 3 2 x−
−6(1 − D −3D6 +5D ) 3
!−1
1 D3 − 3D2 + 5D 2024
= − e−x 1 − x−
3 6 3
!
1 D3 − 3D2 + 5D 2024
= − e−x 1 + + ... x −
3 6 3
1 −x 5 2024
 
=− e x+ +0 −
3 6 3
 1 5 2024
 
= − e−x x + −
3 6 3

The general solution is given as

√ ! √ !!
11 11 1 −x 5 2024
 
x − 12 x
y = y c + y p = c1 e + e c1 cos x + c2 sin x − e x+ − .
2 2 3 6 3
 SET - D
Max. Marks: 30 MTH 174 CA-2 Roll No......... Marks Obtained......

Q. No. Question CO Bloom Marks

Level

1
(a) Find (x2 + x)
D2 + 2D
1 CO2 L2 5, 5
(b) x2 + 1, x2 − 1, x2 + 7 are linearly independent or not?

2 Solve the differential equation y ′′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = 8e2x + x2 CO2 L2 10

3 Solve y ′′ + 6y ′ + 3y = 2e10x + cos x + 2023 CO2 L2 10

Solution of SET-D K23DG

1
Question 1(a). Find (x2 + x)
D2 + 2D
Solution: The particular solution is given as
!
1 1 1
2
(x2 + x) = (x2 + x)
D + 2D 2D 1 + D/2
1 D −1 2
 
= 1+ (x + x)
2D 2 !
1 D D2
= 1− + − . . . (x2 + x)
2D 2 4
1 1 1
 
= x2 + x − (2x + 1) + (2) + 0
2D 2 4
1 2
= (x )
2D
1 Z
= x2 dx
2
1 x3
=
2 3
x3
=
6
Question 1(b). x2 + 1, x2 − 1, x2 + 7 are linearly independent or not?
Solution: For this we will find the Wronskian
x2 + 1 x2 − 1 x2 + 7
W = 2x 2x 2x
2 2 2
 x2 + 1 x2 − 1 x2 + 7
= 4x 1 1 1
1 1 1
=0 (∵ 2 rows of matrix are same)

Therefore, given functions are linearly dependent.

Question 2. Solve the differential equation y ′′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = 8e2x + x2

d d2 d3
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 3
2 and D = dx3

(D3 − 3D + 2)y = 8e2x + x2

The Auxiliary equation is the following

m3 − 3m + 2 = 0

By Hit and Trial one of the root is m = 1.

m3 m2 m constant
1 1 0 -3 2
0 1 1 -2
1 1 -2 0
Therefore other two roots are given by:

m2 + m − 2 = 0
(m − 1)(m + 2) = 0
∴ m = 1, 1, −2

Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is

yc = (c1 + xc2 )ex + c3 e−2x .

Now we will find PI

1 
2x 2

yp (x) = 8e + x
(D3 − 3D + 2)
1 1
=8 3 e2x + x2
(D − 3D + 2) (D − 3D + 2)
3

1 1
=8 3 e2x + D3 −3D
x2
(2 − 3(2) + 2) 2(1 + 2 )
!−1
1 D3 − 3D
= 2e2x + 1+ x2
2 2
 !2 
1 D3 − 3D D3 − 3D
= 2e2x + 1 − + − ... x2
2 2 2
 1 2 3 9
 
2x
= 2e + x − 0 + 2x + 2 − 0
2 2  4
2x 1 2 9
= 2e + x + 3x +
2 2
The general solution is given as
1 2 9
 
y = yc + yp = (c1 + xc2 )ex + c3 e−2x + 2e2x + x + 3x + .
2 2
Question 3. Solve y ′′ + 6y ′ + 3y = 2e10x + cos x + 2023
d d2
Solution: Put D = dx , D2 = dx 2.

(D2 + 6D + 3)y = 2e10x + cos x + 2023

The Auxiliary equation is the following
m2 + 6m + 3 = 0
√
36 − 12
−6 ±
m=
2
√
−6 ± 2 6
=
2√
= −3 ± 6
Therefore the complimentary solution of given equation is
√ √
yc = c1 e(−3+ 6)x
+ c2 e(−3− 6)x
.
Now we will find PI
1 
10x

yp (x) = 2e + cos x + 2023
D2 + 6D + 3
1 1 1
=2 2 e10x + 2
cos x + 2023 2 e0x
(D + 6D + 3) (D + 6D + 3) (D + 6D + 3)
1 1 1
=2 2 e10x + cos x + 2023 e0x
(10 + 6(10) + 3) (−12 + 6D + 3) (02 + 6(0) + 3)
2 10x 1 2023
= e + cos x +
163 2(1 + 3D) 3
2 10x (1 − 3D) 2023
= e + cos x +
163 2(1 − 3D)(1 + 3D) 3
2 10x (1 − 3D) 2023
= e + cos x +
163 2(1 − 9D ) 2 3
2 10x (1 − 3D) 2023
= e + cos x +
163 2(1 − 9(−1 )) 2 3
2 10x (1 − 3D) 2023
= e + cos x +
163 20 3
2 10x 1 2023
= e + (cos x + 3 sin x) +
163 20 3
The general solution is given as
√ √ 2 10x 1 2023
y = yc + yp = c1 e(−3+ 6)x
+ c2 e(−3− 6)x
+ e + (cos x + 3 sin x) + .
163 20 3
Solution of SET-C K23DG