Mathematics Trial 2010 Solutions

Question 1 Question 2

(a) e5 − 3log e 5 = 143.58... (a) y = log e ( 2 x − 1)

= 140 (2 sig. fig.) 2
y' =
2x −1
(b) 64 − x 3 = 43 − x 3 2
At x = 1: y ' = =2
= ( 4 − x ) (16 + 4 x + x 2 ) 2 (1) − 1
and y = ln ( 2 (1) − 1)
⌠⎛ 1 2x ⎞ 1 1 2x
(c) ⎮ ⎜ + e ⎟ dx = ln x + e + C = ln1
⌡ ⎝ 4x ⎠ 4 2
=0
x 8 x 8 ∴ tangent is y − 0 = 2 ( x − 1)
(d) − 2 = −
x − 2 x − 4 x − 2 ( x − 2 )( x + 2 ) y = 2x − 2
x ( x + 2) − 8
= d d 1

( x − 2 )( x + 2 ) (b) 5 + log e x = ( 5 + log e x ) 2

dx dx
x2 + 2 x − 8
=
( 5 + log e x ) 2 ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
1 −
1
1
( x − 2 )( x + 2 ) =
2 ⎝x⎠
=
( x − 2 )( x + 4 ) 1
=
( x − 2 )( x + 2 ) 2 x 5 + log e x
x+4 1 + sin x
= (c) y=
x+2 cos x
cos x ( cos x ) − (1 + sin x )( − sin x )
(e) 4+ x ≤ 7 y'=
cos 2 x
∴ x − ( −4 ) ≤ 7 cos 2 x + sin x + sin 2 x
=
cos 2 x
-11 -4 3 x 1 + sin x
=
1 − sin 2 x
∴ − 11 ≤ x ≤ 3 1 + sin x
=
(1 − sin x )(1 + sin x )
(f) y = x2 + 4 x − 3 1
=
1 − sin x
becomes y = ( x + 2 ) − 7
2

∴ vertex is ( −2, −7 )
⌠ x ⌠ 1 2x
(d) (i) ⎮ 6 e dx = 12⎮ e dx
2

Alternatively: ⎮ ⌡ 2
⌡
−4 x
Axis of symmetry is at x = = −2 = 12e + C
2
2
Then y = ( −2 ) + 4 ( −2 ) − 3 = −7
2
⌠ x dx = − 1 ⌠ −2 x dx
(ii) ⎮ ⎮
∴ vertex is ( −2, −7 ) ⌡ 1 − x2 2 ⌡ 1 − x2
1
= − ln (1 − x 2 ) + C
2

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 1

 π π (c) y
⌠6 ⎡ 1 ⎤6 B ( 0,12 )
⎮ (1 − sec 2 x ) dx = ⎢ x − tan 2 x ⎥
2
(e)
⌡0 ⎣ 2 ⎦0
l
π tan π3 ⎛ tan 0 ⎞ M
= − −⎜0− ⎟
6 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
D
π 3
= −
6 2
C (10, 2 )
(f) 4sin 2 θ − 3 = 0 for − π ≤ θ ≤ π
3
O A ( 4, 0 ) x
sin 2 θ =
4
3 2−0
sin θ = ± (i) mAC =
2 10 − 4
π π π π 1
θ = , π − , − , −π + =
3 3 3 3 3
π 2π π 2π (ii) D = ( 2, 6 )
= , ,− ,−
3 3 3 3
1
(iii) l : y−6 = ( x − 2)
Question 3 3
3 y − 18 = x − 2
11
x − 3 y + 16 = 0
(a) ∑ ( 2n − 5) = 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17
n =5

= 77 (iv) AC || DM (same gradient)

AD CM
(b) Q ∴ = (parallel lines preserve ratios)
DB MB
CM
1=
8 cm 5 cm MB
CM = MB
∴ M is the midpoint of CB
P 7 cm R
(v) Centre is ( 5, 7 )
82 + 52 − 7 2
(i) cos ∠PQR = (cos rule) d MB = 52 + 52
2 ( 8 )( 5 )
40 = 50
=
80 =5 2
1
= ∴ the circle is ( x − 5 ) + ( y − 7 ) = 50
2 2

2
∴∠PQR = 60°
(vi) Substitute ( 4, 0 ) into
1
( x − 5) + ( y − 7 ) = 50
2 2
(ii) A= (8 )( 5 ) sin 60°
2
( 4 − 5) + ( 0 − 7 ) = 1 + 49
2 2

3
= 20 × = 50
2
The point A does lie on the circle
= 10 3
∴ the area of Δ PQR is 10 3 cm2

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 2

Question 4 (β)(1) P ( exactly 1 star )
= P ( SC ) + P ( CS) + P ( CB ) + P ( BC )
(a) x2 − 8x + 5 = 0
∴ α + β = 8 and αβ = 5 17 7 7 17 7 3 3 7
= × + × + × + ×
27 26 27 26 27 26 27 26
(α − β )
2
= α 2 − 2αβ + β 2
140
= α 2 + β 2 − 2αβ =
351
= (α + β ) − 2αβ − 2αβ (2) P ( 2stars )
2
.
= (α + β ) − 4αβ
2
= P ( SS) + P ( SB ) + P ( BS) + P ( BB )
= 82 − 4 ( 5 ) =
17 16 17 3 3 17 3 2
× + × + × + ×
= 44 27 26 27 26 27 26 27 26
190
=
351
(b) (i) A Question 5
D (a) (i) Each face has one less orange
than in the row below. There are 4
faces. ∴ there are 4 fewer oranges
● than the row on which it rests.
●
C B
(ii) 56 + 52 + 48 + … + 4
(ii) In ΔABC and ΔADB n=? Tn = a + ( n − 1) d
1. ∠A is common a = 56
Tn = 4 4 = 56 + ( n − 1)( −4 )
2. ∠ACB = ∠ABD (given)
d = −4 4 = 56 − 4n + 4
∴ΔABC ||| ΔADB (equiangular)
4n = 56
AB BC AC n = 14
(iii) = =
AD DB AB ∴ there are 14 rows
(matching sides of similar Δ's)
12 AC n
= (iii) Sn = [a + l ] + 1
9 12 2
12 ×12 14
AC = = [56 + 4] + 1
9 2
= 16 = 421
∴ he will use 421 oranges
3 1
(c) (i) P ( 2 symbols ) = =
27 9 A
(ii) (α) (b)
16
26
S
S 7
26
C 6 cm
3 r
17
27
26 B
X Y
7
17
26 S
27 B C
C 6
26 C D 3 cm
3
26
B (i) 6 2 = r 2 + 32
3
r 2 = 36 − 9
27 17
26 S
= 27
B 7
26 C
2 r =3 3
26 B
∴ the radius is 3 3 cm.
2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 3
 1 1 π (b) For y = e3 x , y′ = 3e3 x
(ii) A = bh − r 2θ where θ =
2 2 3 For y = 6 x , m = 6
⎛π ⎞
1
( ) ( )
1 2
A = ( 6) 3 3 − 3 3 ⎜ ⎟ ∴ 3e3 x = 6
2 2 ⎝3⎠ e3 x = 2
9π
=9 3− 3 x = ln 2
2
1
⎛ 9π ⎞ 2 x = ln 2
∴ the area is ⎜ 9 3 − ⎟ cm 3
⎝ 2 ⎠
(c) (i) For 5x − 2kx + k
2

(c) (i) and (ii)

Δ = ( −2k ) − 4 ( 5 )( k )
2

y
= 4k 2 − 20k
4 y = 1 − cos x y = 3sin 2 x
(ii) For real roots: Δ ≥ 0
3
4k 2 − 20k ≥ 0
4k ( k − 5 ) ≥ 0 2

1
0 5 k

k ≤ 0 or k ≥ 5 π 2π π 4π 5π 2π x
3 3 3 3

Question 6
-2

(a) 2 ln x = ln ( 5 + 4 x ) -3

2 ln x = ln ( 5 + 4 x )
ln x 2 = ln ( 5 + 4 x ) (iii) There are 5 solutions because
x = 5 + 4x
2 the curves intersect in 5 different
points.
x2 − 4x − 5 = 0
( x − 5 )( x + 1) = 0
x = −1, 5
But x > 0 and 4 x + 5 > 0 for the logs to
exist
∴ x = 5 is the only solution

A = ∫ ⎡⎣ x + 1 − ( x 2 − 2 x − 3) ⎤⎦ dx
4
(b)
−1

( 3x + 4 − x ) dx
4
=∫ 2
−1
4
⎡ 3x 2 x3 ⎤
=⎢ − + 4x⎥
⎣ 2 3 ⎦ −1
64 ⎛3 1 ⎞
= 24 − + 16 − ⎜ + − 4 ⎟
3 ⎝2 3 ⎠
= 20 56
∴ the area is 20 56 unit2

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 4

 (ii)(α) 1st payment grows to 500 (1.02 )
Question 7 3

2nd payment grows to 500 (1.02 )

2
(a) y
3rd payment grows to 500 (1.02 )
1
2
y = f ( x)
1 Last payment remains as 500
∴ Value on the day after 1st birthday is
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
A = 500 (1.02 ) + 500 (1.02 ) + 500 (1.02 ) + 500
3 2 1
−1

= 500 ⎡⎣1 + 1.02 + 1.022 + 1.023 ⎤⎦

5
⌠ 1
(i) ⎮ f ( x ) dx = − 2 + 2 + 4
1st payment now grows to 500 (1.02 )
59
⌡0 (β)
= 5 12 A = 500 (1.02 ) + 500 (1.02 ) + ... + 500
59 58

5
⌠ = 500 ⎡⎣1 + 1.02 + ... + 1.0258 + 1.0259 ⎤⎦
(ii) If ⎮ f ( x ) dx = 4 we need values of a
⌡a ⎡ a ( r n − 1) ⎤
for which the signed area gives a result of = 500 ⎢ ⎥ where a = 1; r = 1.02; n = 60
4. This occurs when a = 3 or −2 ⎢⎣ r − 1 ⎥⎦

= 500 ⎢
( )
⎡1 (1.02 )60 − 1 ⎤
⎥
(b) (i) d ( sin x − cos 4 x )
2
⎢ 1.02 − 1 ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
dx
π = 2 sin x cos x + 4 sin 4 x = 57025.769...
⌠2
(ii) ⎮ ( sin x cos x + 2sin 4 x ) dx ∴ Total in the account on Emily’s 16th
⌡π birthday is $57025.77.
4
π
1⌠ 2
= ⎮ ( 2sin x cos x + 4sin 4 x ) dx (iii) During the year, interest is paid 4 times
A = 57025.76971× (1.02 )
4
2 ⌡π
4
π = 61726.527...
1⎡ 2 ⎤2
= ⎢sin x − cos 4 x ⎥
2⎣ ⎦π ∴ Amount = $61726.53 (to nearest cent)
4

1⎡ 2π ⎛ π ⎞⎤
= sin − cos 2π − ⎜ sin 2 − cos π ⎟ ⎥
2 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦
(iv) Interest earned = $61726.53 − $57025.77
= $4700.76
1⎡ ⎛1 ⎞⎤
= ⎢1 − 1 − ⎜ − ( −1) ⎟ ⎥
2⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦ If she withdraws $4 000, the account will
continue to grow.
3
=−
4 If she withdraws $5 000, the money will
eventually run out.
(c) (i) 8% pa = 2% every ¼ year;
investment periods = 4 × 15 −1= 59
(no interest for the 1st 3 months)
A = 500 (1 + 0.02 )
59

= 1608.348426
∴ The amount = $1608.35

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 5

Question 8 (iii) y
4
(a) (i) f ( x ) = x − x − 5 x + 1
3 2

f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2 x − 5 2

f ′′ ( x ) = 6 x − 2
−1
Stat points if f ′ ( x ) = 0 -2
−1
1 2 x

i.e. 3x 2 − 2 x − 5 = 0 ( −2, −1) −2

( 3x − 5)( x + 1) = 0
−4
∴ x = −1 or 5
3
−5
( 2, −5)
If x = −1: f ′′ ( −1) = 6 ( −1) − 2
(iv) y = f ( x ) decreasing but concave up
<0
when 1
<x< 5

f ( −1) = ( −1) − ( −1) − 5 ( −1) + 1

3 2 3 3

=4 (b) (i) y = e1− x

2

∴ a maximum at ( −1, 4 ) log e y = 1 − x 2

∴ x 2 = 1 − log e y
If x = 53 : f ′′ ( 53 ) = 6 ( 53 ) − 2
>0 e
⌠
f ( 53 ) = ( ) − ( )
5 3 5 2
− 5 ( 53 ) + 1 (ii) V = π ⎮ (1 − ln y ) dy
3 3
⌡1
= −5 13
27

∴ a minimum at (1 23 , −5 13
27 ) (iii)
1+ e
y 1 e
(ii) Points of inflexion when 2
f ′′ ( x ) = 0 and concavity changes 1 – ln 1 ⎛ 1+ e ⎞ 1 – ln e
1 – ln y 1 − ln ⎜ ⎟
i.e. 6 x − 2 = 0 =1 ⎝ 2 ⎠ =0
1
x=
3 ⌠
e

V = π ⎮ (1 − ln y ) dy
x 1− 1 1+ ⌡1
3 3 3

f ′′ ( x ) π
( e − 1) ⎡1 + 4 ⎛1 − ln ⎛ 1 + e ⎞ + 0 ⎞ ⎤
− 0 + ⎢ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎥
& ⎣ ⎝ 6 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠⎦
= 2.2668...
( 13 ) = ( 13 ) − ( 13 ) − 5 ( 13 ) + 1
3 2
If x = 13 : f
∴ the volume is 2.3 unit3 (2 sig. fig.)
= − 27
20

∴ an inflection at ( 13 , − 2720 )

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination 6

Question 9

1000 000 + 1000 000 ( 0.8 ) + 1000 000 ( 0.8 ) + ... to 7 prizes
2
(a) (i)
7 th prize = $1000 000 ( 0.8 )
6

= $262144

(ii) 20 th prize = $262144 − 13 × $20 000

= $2144

a (1 − r n ) N
(iii) Total = + [ A + L]
14− r3
124 2424
1 3
for the first 7 terms For the next 13 terms

$1000 000 ⎡1 − ( 0.8 ) ⎤ 13

7
⎣ ⎦+
= [$242144 + $2144]
1 − 0.8 2
= $5539 296

(b) Let P ( F second test when passed first test ) = x

Pass
and P ( F second test when failed first test ) = y
Pass
85% x Fail
P ( at least one P ) = P ( PP ) + P ( PF ) + P ( FP )
= 1 − P ( FF )
Pass
15%
= 97% Fail
y Fail
∴ P ( FF ) = 3%
∴ 15% × y = 3%
3%
y=
15%
= 20%

P ( P only one test ) = P ( PF ) + P ( FP )

= 85% × x + 15% × 20%
= 0.85 x + 0.03

∴17.1% = 85% × x + 15% × 20%

0.171 = 0.85 x + 0.03
x = 0.06
= 6%

P ( passes first and fails second ) = P ( PF )

= 85% × 6%
= 5.1%

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination

7
(c)
(i) In ΔADC : CD = b sin A C
In ΔCDB : CD = a sin B
∴b sin A = a sin B
b a
(ii) In ΔADC : AD = b cos A
In ΔCDB : DB = a cos B A B
c = AB D
c
= AD + DB
= a cos B + b cos A

c = a cos B + b cos A ⇒ c 2 = ( a cos B + b cos A )

2
(iii)
But c 2 = a 2 cos 2 B + 2ab cos A cos B + b 2 cos 2 A
∴a 2 cos 2 B + 2ab cos A cos B + b 2 cos 2 A = 4ab cos A cos B
a 2 cos 2 B + 2ab cos A cos B + b 2 cos 2 A − 4ab cos A cos B = 0
a 2 cos 2 B − 2ab cos A cos B + b 2 cos 2 A = 0
( a cos B − b cos A)
2
=0
∴ a cos B − b cos A = 0
∴ a cos B = b cos A *
∴ AD = DB
∴ΔABC isosceles [CD perpendicular bisector of AB ]
∴a = b

Alternatively:
a cos B = b cos A from *
a sin B = b sin A from (i)
a sin B b sin A
∴ =
a cos B b cos A
∴ tan B = tan A
but both angles are acute as they are in ΔABC
∴ A=B
∴ a=b (opposite equal angles in ΔABC )

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination

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Question 10

(a) The graph below represents y = f ′ ( x ) . Specific x-values a, b, c, d and e are

as indicated in the diagram.
y
y = f ′( x)

b
a c d e x

(i) The graph of y = f ( x ) have a stationary point when x = a or c .

(ii) The graph of y = f ( x ) is increasing when x < a or x > c .

(iii) The graph of y = f ( x ) is concave up when f ′′ ( x ) > 0

i.e. when the gradient graph is increasing.
This is when b < x < d .

(iv) As x → ∞ the graph of y = f ( x ) approaches a horizontal tangent.

(b) B C

A E x O x F D
2 2
20 cm

(i) In ΔOBE :OB 2 = BE 2 + OE 2 (Pythagoras)

2
⎛x⎞
∴102 = BE 2 + ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠
x2
BE 2 = 100 −
4
1
= ( 400 − x 2 )
4
1
∴ BE = 400 − x 2 (length positive)
2

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination

9
 1
(ii) A= h [ a + b]
2
1
A= ( BE ) [ BC + AD ]
2
1 1
= ⋅ 400 − x 2 [ x + 20]
2 2
1
= ( x + 20 ) 400 − x 2
4

1
(iii) A= ( x + 20 ) 400 − x 2
4
1
1
A= ( x + 20 ) ( 400 − x 2 ) 2
4
1 1
1 1 2 2 1
A = ( x + 20 ) ⋅ ( 400 − x ) ( −2 x ) + ( 400 − x ) ⋅
′ 2 −2

4 2 4
1 1
1
= − ( x + 20 ) ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 + ( 400 − x 2 ) 2
x −

4 4

Max/min occurs when A′ = 0

1 1
1
− ( x + 20 ) ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 + ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 = 0
x −
i.e.
4 4

1 1
x ( x + 20 ) ( 400 − x 2 ) − ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 = 0
−
2

x ( x + 20 ) 1

1
− ( 400 − x )
2 2
=0
( 400 − x )2 2

x ( x + 20 ) − ( 400 − x 2 ) = 0
x 2 + 20 x − 400 + x 2 = 0
2 x 2 + 20 x − 400 = 0
x 2 + 10 x − 200 = 0
( x − 10 )( x + 20 ) = 0
x = 10, − 20
But x > 0 ∴ x = 10

x 10- 10 10+
A′ + 0 −

∴ the maximum occurs when x = 10

i.e. when BC = 10 cm

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination

10
 Alternatively:
1 1
1
A′ = − ( x + 20 ) ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 + ( 400 − x 2 ) 2
x −

4 4
1
1
= − ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 ⎡⎣ x 2 + 20 x + 400 − x 2 ⎤⎦
−

4
1
1
= − ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 [ 20 x + 400]
−

4
1
= − ( 400 − x 2 )
−
2
( 5 x + 100 )
1
⎡1 3
⎤
A′′ = − ( 400 − x 2 ) [5] + ( 5 x + 100 ) ⎢ ( 400 − x 2 ) 2 ( −2 x )⎥
− −
2
2 ⎣ ⎦
1 3
= −5 ( 400 − x )
2 −2
− x ( 5 x + 100 ) ( 400 − x )
2 −2

If x = 10:

1 3
A′′ = −5 ( 400 − 10 2 ) − 10 ( 50 + 100 ) ( 400 − 102 )
− −
2 2

<0
∴ the maximum occurs when x = 10
i.e. when BC = 10 cm

End of solutions

2010 Mathematics Trial HSC Examination

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