MATHEMATICS I-EXAM.

2022 January
Time of Part I+Part II: 2h 30m. Only Part II: 1h 15
FIRST PART
1.- (2 points) Find the domains of the following functions:
 2x 
 
 1− x   ( x +1)2 
f ( x) = 3 ln  ; g ( x) = e  
.
 x −5

 1− x 
Solution: D( f ) =  x ∈  / > 0, x ≠ 5 = (1,5) .
 x −5 

1− x : +
− ∞ ←→ x = 1 ← −
→ +∞
5− x: −
− ∞ ← → x = 5 ←
+
→ +∞
1− x
: −
− ∞ ←  +
→ x = 1 ← → x = 5 ←→
−
+∞
5− x

D( g ) =  − {−1} .

2.- (5 points) a) Derive the following functions:

2 x 2 +1
f ( x) 5
= + 2x ;

g ( x) cos ln ( x 2 − 1) ;
= ( )
(1 + x 2 )1− x
h( x ) = (by means of logarithmic derivation).
e3 x
b) Obtain the equation of the tangent line to the graph of the function f ( x) at the point where
x =0.
Solution:
2x
=a) f ' ( x ) 5 2 x 2 +1
ln(5) + 2
2 x2 + 1

(
− sin ln ( x 2 − 1)
g '( x) = ) x 2−x 1
2

ln(h( x)) =(1 − x) ln (1 + x 2 ) − 3 x

h '( x) 2x
=− ln (1 + x 2 ) + (1 − x) −3
h( x ) 1 + x2
2 1− x
 2 x(1 − x)  (1 + x )
 − ln (1 + x ) +
2
h '( x) = 2
− 3
 1+ x  e3 x
 2 x 2 +1
b) =
f ( x) 5 + 2x
The slope of the tangent line at the point where x = 0 =
is m f=
'(0) 2 .
y 2x + b
=
f (0) = 5 ⇒ 5= 2(0) + b ⇒ b= 5
Therefore, the tangent line at the point where x = 0 : =
y 2x + 5 .

x2
3.- (6 points) Let f ( x) = .
x3 + 1
a) Determine the local maxima and minima of the function on its domain.
− {−1}
Solution: D( f ) = 

2 x( x 3 + 1) − 3 x 4 x(2 − x 3 )
=f '( x) = 3 2 3 2
. Thus, f '( x) = 0 ⇔ x(2 − x3 ) = 0 ⇔ x = 0 or x = 3 2 .
( x + 1) ( x + 1)
We discuss the sign of the derivative:

x(2 − x 3 ) = 0 ⇔ x = 0 or x = 3 2 , and ( x 3 + 1) 2 =0⇔ x=−1

f '< 0 f '< 0 f '> 0 f '< 0
−∞ ←

→ x = −1 ←

→ x = 0 ←

→x = 3
2 ←
→∞

Therefore, there is a local minimum at x = 0 and there is a local maximum at x = 3 2 .

b) Do they exist the global maximum and minimum of the function on the interval [0, ∞) ? If
so, determine what they are.
Solution: Taking into account the sign of the derivative on [0, ∞) , the function has the global

maximum at x = 3 2 and the function has a local minimum at x = 0 .

Moreover, f (0) = 0 and lim f ( x) = 0 . Thus, the function has the global minimum at x = 3 2 .
x →∞

c) Do they exist the global maximum and minimum of the function on the interval [-3,0]? If so,
determine what they are.
Solution: Weierstrass theorem can not be applied on the interval [−3, 0] because the function is
not continuous on it. Taking limits at x = −1 :
x2
lim− = −∞ , and hence, the function f has no global mimimum on [−3, 0] .
x →−1 x3 + 1
x2
lim+ = ∞ , and hence, the function f has no global maximum on [−3, 0] .
x →−1 x3 + 1
 1− x
4.- (7 points) Let f ( x) = .
x2
a) Determine the intervals where the function is continuous. Calculate its limits at the extremes
of those intervals, (including lim f ( x) and lim f ( x) ).
x →+∞ x →−∞

Solution: The function is continuous on D( f ) =  − {0} = ( −∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 0, +∞ ) .

1− x 1− x
lim− 2
= ∞ ; lim+ 2 = ∞
x →0 x x →0 x
1− x 1− x
lim 2
= 0 ; lim 2 = 0
x →−∞ x x →∞ x

b) Determine the intervals where the function is increasing and where it is decreasing.
− x 2 − 2 x(1 − x) x( x − 2)
Solution:
= f '( x) =
x4 x4
We discuss the sign of the derivative:
x( x − 2) = 0 ⇔ x = 0 or x = 2 , and x 4 = 0 ⇔ x = 0
f '> 0 f '< 0 f '> 0
−∞ ←→

x= 0 ← 
→ x= 2 ←

→∞

Therefore, f is decreasing on (0, 2) and increasing on (−∞, 0) ∪ (2, +∞) .

c) Determine (if they exist) the local maxima and minima of the function on its domain.

Solution: f '( x) = 0 ⇔ x = 2 . Taking into account the sign of the derivative, the function has a
−1
local minimum at x = 2 , and f (2) = .
4
d) Based on the information obtained so far, graph the function.

Solution: f x

1.5

lim+ f ( x ) = ∞
x →0
1.0
x=2 local minimum

0.5

x
10 5 5 10

lim f ( x ) = 0
lim f ( x ) = 0 x →∞
x →−∞
SECOND PART
5.- (5 points) Find the following integrals.
1 1 1

∫ ∫
x 2 + 3x + 7 5  x2  5
i) dx= x+2+ dx=  + 2 x + 5ln x + 1  = 5ln(2) +
0 x +1 0 x +1 2 0 2

ii) ∫ x ln(4 x) dx (by parts)

Denoting by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ln(4𝑥𝑥) and 𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥, we get that 𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥) = 1⁄𝑥𝑥 and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 ⁄2.
Applying integration by parts we get
𝑥𝑥 2 ln(4𝑥𝑥) 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 ln(4𝑥𝑥) 𝑥𝑥 2
∫ 𝑥𝑥 ln(4𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2
− ∫ 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
2
− 4
+ 𝐾𝐾.
b
1   1 1 
∞ b

∫ ∫
ex ex 1
iii) dx lim
= dx
= lim 
= lim  − = 
1 (1 − e ) x 2 b →∞
1 (1 − e )
x 2
( ) 1
b →∞ 1 − e x
(
b →∞  1 − eb
) (1 − e )  e − 1

) x 2 − 4 , and
6.- (2 points) Compute the area A bounded by the graphs of the functions f ( x=
g ( x)= 8 − x . Make a drawing of A.
Solution.

3 3 3

∫ (8 − x − x + 4)dx= ∫
 3 2

A= 2
( − x − x + 12 )dx=  −3x − x2 + 12 x  = 343
2

6
u2 .
−4 −4   −4

7.- (2 points) The marginal cost of producing q units of a commodity is 20 + q euros/unit. The
fixed costs (when nothing is produced) are 40 euros. Find the cost of producing 10 units.
Solution.
q2
) 20 + q we find that C (q ) = ∫ ( 20 + q ) dq = 20q + + K .
Since C '(q=
2
Since the fixed costs are 40 euros, that is, 𝐶𝐶(0) = 40, we get that 𝐾𝐾 = 40 and
𝑞𝑞 2
𝐶𝐶(𝑞𝑞) = 20𝑞𝑞 + + 40.
2

Then, C (10) = 200 + 50 + 40 = 290 euros.

v1 (1,3, −1,1) , v2 = (1, 2, 0,3) , v=

8.- (6 points) Consider the following vectors:= 3 (1, 4, −2, −1) ,

v4 =(−2, −3, 0, −8) and v5 = (3, 4,1,13) .

a) Using these five vectors, obtain two systems with the greatest number of linearly independent
vectors.
Using the Gauss elimination method we get
 v1 v2 v3

v4 v5
 1 1 1 −2 3   1 1 1 −2 3 
1 1 1 3−2
   
3 2 4 4  →  0 −1 1 3 −5  →  0 −1 1 3 −5 
−3
  E2 =
0 −2 0 1  EE==3 EE3 +−EE1  0 1 −1 −2 4  E=4 E4 + 2 E2  0 0 0 1 −1 
E2 −3 E1 E3 =
E3 + E2
 −1    
1 3 −1 −8 13   0 2 −2 −6 10  0 0 0 0 0 
4 4 1


Since 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣3 , 𝑣𝑣4 , 𝑣𝑣5 ) = 3, the greatest number of linearly independent vectors among
the given ones are 3. Looking at the schelon matrix we can deduce that {𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣4 } are linearly
independent (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣4 ) = 3), and so are {𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣5 }, {𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣3 , 𝑣𝑣4 } and {𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣3 , 𝑣𝑣5 } for
instance.
b) Are v1 , v2 , v4 linearly independent? They are linearly independent since, as shown in the

previous section, 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣4 ) = 3

c) Is v5 a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v4 ? Is v5 a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v3 ? If yes, write
the respective linear combinations.
Since 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣4 ) = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣4 , 𝑣𝑣5 ) = 3, v5 is a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v4 .

Solving the system 𝑥𝑥𝑣𝑣1 + 𝑦𝑦𝑣𝑣2 + 𝑧𝑧𝑣𝑣4 = 𝑣𝑣5 we obtain

 x + y − 2 z =3 x =−1
 
− y + 3 z =−5  y =2
 −1  −1
z =  z=
Then, v5 =−v1 + 2v2 − v4 .
 In contrast, v5 is not a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v3 , since 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣3 ) = 2 <

𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , 𝑣𝑣3 , 𝑣𝑣5 ) = 3 the and the system 𝑥𝑥𝑣𝑣1 + 𝑦𝑦𝑣𝑣2 + 𝑧𝑧𝑣𝑣3 = 𝑣𝑣5 is not consistent.

9.- (5 points) Classify the following system of equations according to the different values of a.
Solve the system by Gaussian elimination when a = 10 .
 x + y + 2 z − t =2

2 x + 3 y + z + t =1
 x − y + 8 z − 6t =a

Applying the Gaussian elimination method to the augmented matrix of the system, we get that
1 1 2 −1 2 1 1 2 −1 2 1 1 2 −1 2
�2 3 1 1 � 1 � → �0 1 −3 3 � −3 � → �0 1 −3 3 � −3 � (1)
1 −1 8 −6 𝑎𝑎 0 −2 6 −5 𝑎𝑎 − 2 0 0 0 1 𝑎𝑎 − 8
Since 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝐴𝐴) = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝐴𝐴|𝑌𝑌) = 3 < 4 regardless the value of a, the system is consistent with
one degree of freedom for any value of a.

When a = 10 , using (1) we get

x + y + 2 z − t = 2  x = 13 − 5 z

y − 3 z + 3t = −3  y = 3z − 9
t 2= 
= t 2
whose solution is {(13 − 5𝑧𝑧, 3𝑧𝑧 − 9, 𝑧𝑧, 2): 𝑧𝑧 ∈ ℝ}.