Subject: Research methodology

Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman

Question 1.

Develop a research design on the topic “implication of covid-19 on university education

in KP”.

Answer:

Covid-19 education response:-

Across the planet, nearly 2 billion students ar suddenly not in their formal instructional
establishments. Shocked, the world struggles with Zoom and Google schoolroom to stay
youngsters and young adults learning.

But there's a dark aspect to education access:-

Students with very little to no property or maybe the correct hardware to receive a digital
education, whether or not synchronously or not. In Pakistan, a rustic familiar with tens of
various youngsters being out of college all year, the ways in which during which we
expect concerning education in Corona time can have each short and semi permanent
implications for swing which means back to our education system.

What are some presently acknowledged constraints?

Solely simple fraction of the Pakistani population was according to possess a broadband
subscription at the tip of 2019. An analogous range was according for 3G/4G
subscriptions. What percentage folks overlap within the 2 subscriptions isn't clear from
publicly available knowledge through the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
however the question these figures raise is one in every of reliable, stable, and universal
access to on-line education for the country’s a minimum of fifty million youngsters
World Health Organization are simply in class education (whether public or private).

This is the cautious background against that we have a tendency to tend to square
measure reaching for solutions to distance learning diversify in digital celebrate the
soldiers hovering at the margins of brick and mortar policy decisions; declare summer
holidays. All of those recommend that the Pakistani government needs to unravel
properly for student learning in an exceedingly time of new uncertainty. However can
these choices sit against the provision constraints noted above?

Consider the try at mass instruction:-

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
An avid national public television station to broadcast Pakistani faculty lessons. However
will effective assessment feature into this model? Additional significantly, ought to it at
this short stage of the response to COVID shutdowns? We tend to could need to modify
down the program that gets coated this year so learning are often remediated once
faculties open.

In the interim, can radio, text and/or communicating correspondence be mixed with TV
and on-line tools to assess? a number of these strategies are tried with success in different
developing contexts. However Islamic Republic of Pakistan has one in every of the
biggest education populations within the world at simply the college level.

Can tried and tested strategies scale well?

Universities square measure totally different. They'll resume semesters if equipped with
acceptable technological and digital learning resources, delaying assessment till
campuses open up. Otherwise, they'll have to be compelled to become the training
community that domain ought to have already got been an extended time ago: work with
one another, and place Islamic Republic of Pakistan on the map for booming transitions
to remote learning at the earliest doable.

Amidst this apparent chaos, what's clear is that life has dealt USA a hand inside that hides
associate degree opportunity: we tend to square measure being compelled to rethink the
aim, design, delivery and analysis of our education system as a rustic. As a result of
Covid-19 doesn't differentiate by category, in motility all of our colleges and universities,
it's reminded USA to come to the foremost essential fundamentals of planning.

What do kinsmen ought to learn so as to measure an honest life?

This ethic is also one in every of our golden nuggets for redesigning however we tend to
do education policy. Rather than following top-down approaches, now's an opportunity to
be told to collaborate, test, evaluate, and repeat sensible solutions. Some can yield results
quicker than others, however all of them can have a typical feature intense and repetitive
ability.

Think concerning 2 assumptions most university instructors had concerning digital

education once Covid-19 shutdowns began: it's a web equivalent of standard instruction;
and also the method is essentially about technological readying. These have quickly been
unlearned, as any Pakistani pedagogue can testify.

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
If something, the best a part of going digital is distinguishing missing web and computing
infrastructure and so deploying it. The important challenge is building resolution sets that
stay attentive to multiple human wants of finish users. What will motivation appear as if
during a remodeled schoolroom setting; however is work life balance redefined with in
depth hours at home.

That platforms suit that forms of students?

These square measure all queries that a typical user journey would attempt to map and a
school initiative like Digital Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the proper body for the duty.
Working through associate degree agile and unvarying method of information
assortment, organization and dissemination, Digital Islamic Republic of Pakistan will
bring multiple voices along to revive grade of calm through data symmetry in associate
degree too discontinuous system. Bite sized info videos in native languages will facilitate
students and instructors adapt a lot of quickly to digital learning systems.

It also can develop a shared platform that hosts national reports of responses to teaching
and learning during a Covid-19 atmosphere. The HEC and its attached universities will
use this proof to trace Pakistan’s crisis management. It also can share it with education
researchers towards long-run democratized learning solutions for Pakistani students.

At financier, one in every of the world’s best universities for education policy,
democratic learning is already a part of the program. Service learning could be a routine
mechanism through that students square measure academically attributable for meeting
learning goals through community engagement. The implications of this square measure
clear: learning isn't concerning meeting bound credits; credits square measure awarded
for the fulfillment of a amount of important learning and this could assume totally
different forms in several circumstances.

Is there potential for the Pakistani central to tweak such models to reward young
students taking part in several varieties of the Corona relief efforts?

This may happen inside the type of partial credit, reduction in tuition fees or maybe – for
exceptional demonstrations of leadership participation in actual youth policy and
delivery. By formally instituting service towards communities and different responsive
education policies just like the ones on top of, we are able to begin reminding young
Pakistanis what it extremely suggests that to own associate degree education:

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
authorization to assist others associate degreed oneself through an intelligent and
systematic set up.

Pakistan plan for covid-19:-

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
Education:-

In March 2020, the govt. of West Pakistan proclaimed the closure of all faculties and
academic establishments within the country up to the thirty one might 2020 to mitigate
the chance of spreading the new corona virus. This had a significant impact on associate
degree education system already littered with structural weaknesses, as well as a learning
crisis and twenty two.8 million kids out of faculty. The COVID-19 connected interruption
to schooling affected fifty one million kids, of that 417,000 expatriate kids. faculty
closures have a huge impact on the foremost vulnerable teams, 1st in terms of loss of
learning. Moreover, throughout different crises, the structure, purpose and interaction
with peers that schooling provides helps kids and adolescents address or maintain some
sense of normalcy throughout a crisis and recover additional quickly. This vital role of
schooling is compromised within the COVID-19 crisis. What is more, in low capability
environments, like rural and drought affected areas and expatriate villages, faculties area
unit typically the sole permanent structure within the community. Academics area unit
typically among the foremost educated in these hard-to reach and impoverished areas.
They will function communication campaign advocates to assist reach the foremost
deprived kids, as well as mitigating the chance of additional student drop out.

Progress responce:-

Till the COVID-19 natural event in West Pakistan, the education sector more experienced
the necessity of the foremost vulnerable kids and adolescents through various Learning
Programs (ALPs), similarly as strengthening faculties in deprived districts through varied
interventions. ALPs provided kids and adolescents, specially ladies, World Health
Organization had born out or had ne'er been to high school with various education
opportunities. These education schemes area unit presently on hold, and education

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
partners area unit operating with the Federal and Provincial Government to spot new
solutions supported the requirements and strategy printed within the next section.
Education partners also are stepping up their support to strengthen WASH facilities in
faculties, particularly in remote and deprived areas, as well as fifty four expatriate
Villages, for once faculties can open up. What is more, partners area unit strengthening
their stretch to communities for wider dissemination of knowledge on the hindrance of
COVID-19 and every one potential learning alternatives throughout the unforeseen
faculty closure. Sectoral wants and strategy.

The Education Response can have four main objectives:-

1. Prepare crisis response plans, and undertake fast risk analysis, knowledge
assortment, and coming up with for the reopening of faculties. so as to set up
associate degree acceptable response for the education sector the partners can offer
support and technical help to the Federal and Provincial Ministries of Education
PRN, as well as conducting knowledge assortment, risk analysis and situational
assessments.
2. guarantee continuity of learning and access to remote learning programs With the
closure of all faculties and academic establishments until the top of summer
vacations and tentative rescheduled vital examinations in June-July, the fulminate
interruption of academic activities leaves kids discontinue from education,
doubtless exposed to hyperbolic protection risks, and increasing possibilities of
drop out once the college can open up, particularly among the foremost vulnerable
population teams. To mitigate these risks the education sector can implement
solutions to push continuity of learning for children. Education partners can
support the govt in developing academic content to be broadcast on TV, radio and
on-line platforms to succeed in the best range of affected kids. Education partners
can establish alternate offline distance learning solutions for laborious to succeed
in areas and areas with no or restricted network coverage. This can embody
distribution of worksheets and learning materials, and home schooling solutions
by providing teaching materials to folks or different adults within the unit with the
required level of education.
3. coming up with and implementation of safe faculty operation and risk
communication as well as translating, printing, disseminative and implementing
safe faculty guidelines; mobilization faculties with hygiene packages and current
vital info on un wellness prevention; and coaching academics and caregivers in
psychosocial and mental state support for themselves and students. Faculty
reopening would require a further effort to create faculties safe for kids and

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
academics and build a contributive learning surroundings. this can entail
development and implementation of safe faculties pointers, sanitization (including
special measures for schools used as quarantine centers); provision of catch up
classes; guaranteeing all kids get a good probability to organize for vital exams,
and psychosocial support for kids and teacher (dealing with stigma and
discrimination). Tailored communication and PSS are going to be required for
folks, children, and academics in communities wherever faculties are used as
quarantine centers. Education partners can support PSS and safe faculty pointers
coaching for academics and SMCs’ members. Partners can establish solutions to
supply coaching and conduct mobilization activities victimization remote solutions
to avoid transferrable individuals along and scale back the risks of spreading the
corona virus. So as to mitigate drop-out risk once faculties open up because of
hyperbolic unit economic condition, a money transfer program for kids in grade 6-
10 to facilitate their access to livelihoods is envisaged. Awareness raising and
dissemination of COVID-19 preventive messages to Education managers, head
academics, academics and oldsters (SMCs, PTMCs) are going to be a central part
of the education response. Education partners can support the dissemination of
relevant messages, approved by the govt and also the RCCE COVID-19
Taskforce, to any or all tiers of education infrastructure at the provincial and
district levels. Messages are going to be disseminated via SMS, social media and
radio.
4. Enhance data sharing and capability building for the present response and future
pandemics. Partners can conduct unplanned studies on the COVID-19 education
response and its impact. Some areas of investigation are going to be new solutions
for remote learning in rural and laborious to succeed in areas and impact of the
education disruption on enrollment and retention. These studies will document the
emergency response and establish lessons for coming up with for future
pandemics. In progress RESPONSE The education sector is facing multiple
challenges in implementing its response ancient education in emergency response
ways embody face-to-face coaching, education activities and social mobilization.
Within the COVID-19 emergency response these activities should be substituted
by remote solutions like on line, TV and radio learning. Given the restricted
stretch of those media characteristic appropriate on-line and offline solutions to
succeed in communities and beneficiaries is move an additional challenge and
implies the next value of the response in terms of economic, human and technical
resources. Completely different provinces and target teams, and particularly
vulnerable teams like refugees and migrants, have specific wants and challenges

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
arising from lack of proficiency in languages most ordinarily used among the
education system, remote locations, and lack of access to electricity, web property,
TV or radio coverage, among others. The necessity of tailored responses for every
province and for various target teams makes it difficult to develop and implement
a harmonically response strategy. Funding inadequacy leading to unmet vital
wants.

Breakdown of individuals in want and targeted by standing, SEX and AGE:-

OVERVIEW:-

Pakistan remains suffering from the deficiency disease crisis In Sindh and Baluchistan
provinces, that square measure experiencing drought-like conditions moving 5 million
people, the GAM rate is double the emergency threshold, exasperating hardships for
communities already vulnerable thanks to chronic financial condition and food insecurity,
together with over one.4 million refugees. Over ninety seven per cent of displaced
families had came back to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa social group districts, however, most of
those family’s lack access to basic services together with nutrition. Additionally, the
country is facing COVID eruption crisis. Since the eruption of the COVID19, Pakistan in
line with different countries, has restricted movement, closed non-essential business and
administrations to curtail the unfold of the virus. These measures can shortly have serious
implications for the food security and skill of these counting on daily wages to access
health services once in would like. Proportion of food insecure households is high in
Pakistan (71%) with poorest households (lowest wealth quintile) being a lot of affected. a
rise in cases of deficiency disease is thus expected because the results of the COVID-19
eruption and can most have an effect on the less privileged. Adequate nutrition is
understood to reinforce system and reciprocally can facilitate to fight the Corona virus.
It's thus vital to confirm uninterrupted delivery of promotional, preventative and life-
saving nutrition services whereas at a similar time guaranteeing that the vulnerable

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
beneficiaries and therefore the service suppliers area unit protected against the infection.
It's affordable to assume that such kids area unit at higher risk of COVID-19 connected
respiratory disease.

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
Question 2.
Collect data via questionnaire in your locality on socio-economic problems. (Follow
standard sampling technique.)
Answer:
First of all find sample size by the help of formula
(Z ¿¿ 2)[P ( P−1 ) ]
S= 2
¿
E

S¿ Sample ¿ ¿
Z=1.96
E=Margin of Error=0.05
P=0.5

(1.96¿¿ 2)[0.5 ( 0.5−1 ) ]

S= =384.16 ¿
0.052

Population is 38
S
S=
1+( S−1)÷ Population
384.16
S= =34 .66
1+( 384.16−1)÷ 38

Sample size for 38 population is 34.

Now design questionnaire for 34 people.
Summary of my questionnaire:-
In the current extremely competitive and polarized world Pakistan is on the rise in
poverty, there's so much bigger awareness of economic and social injustices amongst the
individuals. Social and economic inequities, restricted access to education and alternative
basic facilities, state and growing impoverishment have combined to provide an
atmosphere of despair which supplies rise to frustrations and sense of deprivation and
ultimately to outrage. This results in the primary section of protests. However, analysis
into the causes of political theory is merely restricted to the roots of issues and there's
very little understanding of the drivers of extremism among researchers, analysts and

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
policy manufacturers alike. Issues such as impoverishment, state, poor health and
illiteracy ar vital contributing factors.
According to my survey it is well
know that our society has more
students *Fig-A*, But they are facing
a lot of problems to get the education
because their monthly income isn’t
too much for proper knowledge, *Fig-A*
Majority students are from poor
family and facing unemployment
problems from their homes *Fig-B*,
The graph tells us that the majority
families facing unemployment
problems due to which they cannot
afford fees by current status of their
beloved in homes. Poverty is that the
biggest social drawback in any
*Fig-B*
society. The excellence between urban
and rural economic condition is very
important in Pakistan. Most of them
haven't got access to adequate basic desires of life. Moreover, economic condition
provides rise to numerous different social issues. Economic condition permits members
of that community to believe and share despair, despair, apathy, and timidity. It deprives
kids access to education and care. A way of deprivation ends up in violence. That's why
some individuals adopt smuggled channels to induce money prosperity that they can not
attain otherwise. Thus, it creates mistrust, chaos and depravity among the individuals. As
a result, any extremist cluster can exploit them.
In this new world, wherever trendy countries
have plans regarding life in Mars and Mon
we have a tendency to and that we are those
that sleep in twenty century however seem
like we are from early nineteen century.
Because of socio economic factors, we have
a tendency to face Unpretentious education
system as you can see in the survey graph i.e
*Fig-C*, unemployment, meager of basic *Fig-C*

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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
facilities, price, social crimes, financial condition etc that constrain society from
prosperity, increase and happiness. Healthcare facilities square measure even a lot of
dismal. About 400,000 in fants die annually owing to diarrhea, that happens once a
majority of girls do not feed thanks to deficiency disease or death throughout birthing.
West Pakistan is one of solely four countries wherever poliomyelitis has not been
eliminated beside India, Islamic
State of Afghanistan and African
nation. Within the FATA, one
hundred thirty five out of each one,
1000 children underneath the age of
5 die from curable diseases. Most of
the people of Pakistan paying their
healthcare fee by their self and that
is clearly shown in the public *Fig-D*
opinion graph *Fig-D* . The major
reason of poverty is a state policies
on every department. People of
Pakistan are very sensitive to the
mother land majority people are
saving any kind of energy by
switching of lights when not in use
or other energy clearly visible public
opinion in the graph *Fig-E*.
Poverty, state, illiteracy, poor
tending and corruption are on a
continuing rise and therefore the real *Fig-E*
issues in Asian country. Poor
education standards, lack of
economic opportunities, and unequal access to avenues for social and mobilization are
sometimes gift in a very country like Pakistan that undergoes radicalization among the
young. Sadly, Pakistani society displays nearly of these symptoms. This is often because
of faulty domestic policy, using top-down pattern of development, instead of economic
authorization of general plenty through participation, incentives, coaching and education.
Asian country exhibits the above mentioned indicators that are warning signals that are
known to increase the chance of youth radicalization. However, positive attributes just
like the high wish for education and employment among the younger section of the
population and thus the principally opposing extremist outlook of thought society ought
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 Subject: Research methodology
Roll no: 04
Name: Sehrish Zaman
to not be ignored; the situation represents a positive sign. There still remains the
requirement of livelihood opportunities offered for the younger heap. Up the
socioeconomic scenario ought to be the highest priority of the govt. Cottage industry and
self business ought to be promoted. Agriculture is that the backbone of Pakistan’s
economy. It ought to be reinforced by providing high technology and loans to farmers.
Freed from price educations ought to be provided to kids in villages. The customary of
living must be improved in order that militant non-State actors cannot exploit the volatile
situation of the country.

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