www.iplast.com.

ua

Contents
Krah polyethylene pressure pipes

Krah profiled pipes

PE pipes and fittings for internal drainage system

PVC pipes and fittings for external drainage system

PE HD 80 and PE HD 100 pipes for gas networks

PVC pipes and fittings for water-supply networks

PE HD 80 and PE HD 100 pipes for water-supply networks and
pressure drainage system.

Mechanical polyethylene joints for water pipes.

PVC drainage system.

PVC drain pipes.

PVC pipes for threaded wells.

Garden hose. Rubber transitions.

Polymeric pipes resistance to aggressive environments.

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LARGE POLYETHYLENE
PIPES
Krah pipes for pressure
application
Krah pipes are large polyolefin pipes up to an inter-
nal diameter of 4000 mm and a maximum solid wall
thickness of 200 mm.
The preferred jointing technology is the butt fusion
technology, however for low pressure rates the inte-
grated electro fusion technology is also acceptable.
Nearly any internal and external diameter within the
upper mentioned range can be produced, using the
Krah spiral cross-winding extrusion process.
Thanks to the unique pipe production machine de-
veloped by Krah, even the biggest pipe diameters
can be produced on very little space (30 m x 30
m). Therefore a most efficient use of this production
machine on site is possible.
Production process
Krah pipes are produced according to the Krah spi-
ral cross-winding extrusion process. During the pro-
duction process the pipe is produced seamless and
all sub-processes are continuously controlled by the
integrated CPV and control visualizing software.
The first layer is produced on a heated calibration
mandrel, the next layers are produced cross-over
accordingly on top of the previous layers. The pre-
vious layers are heated by an IR-Heating system to
provide a surface temperature between 170°C and
200°C.
With the help of the co-extruder the inner surface
can be produced with an inspection friendly, colo-
ured polyolefin material. The orientation of the mo-
2
lecules is in radial direction, which has a positive
effect on the internal pressure. Another important
quality advantage is, that due to the slow cooling
down process no frozen stresses will occur in the
pipe wall.
Material
The base material, high density polyethylene (PE80,
with a minimum MRS of 8.0 N/mm2 or PE100, with
a minimum MRS of 10.0 N/mm2), is normally sta-
bilized by the addition of carbon black. On special
request and for special applications other polyolefin
can be used, like for example polypropylene gra-
des.
Pipe ends
The pipe ends are cut in-line, in 90° angle to the
pipe axis. Should electro fusion joints or bends be
produced, the pipe ends are produced accordingly
with socket and spigot.
Surfaces
The internal and external pipe surface is smooth.
Slight corrugation (especially on the outer surface),
which necessarily involves variations in the wall
thickness, is acceptable providing that the thickness
of the pipe wall is at no point less than its given no-
minal value.
The inner surface can be produced of electro con-
ductive or inspection friendly coloured material.
inspekcję rurociągów.
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Dimensions
All dimensions are related to the reference tempe-
rature of +23/-2°C
Overview of the production process

Production of the «next» layer

DN/ID

DN/OD

Sketch of a pipe

Standard nominal diameter, other

dimensions on request.

Nominal diameters
The nominal diameter (DN) is related to the inter-
nal diameter (ID) regardless of the pressure rate.
The hydraulic radius is the same for each nominal
diameter.

Krah pipe

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Polietylenowe rury
ciśnieniowe Krah
DN/ID DN/OD range Pipe length
300 mm 310 - 460 mm The standard pipe length is 6 m (+/- 10 mm). If requ-
400 mm 410 – 560 mm ired, shorter pipe lengths are possible. The shortest
500 mm 510 – 660 mm
length is 1 m.
600 mm 610 – 760 mm
800 mm 810 – 960 mm
1000 mm 1010 – 1160 mm
1200 mm 1210 – 1360 mm
L
1400 mm 1410 – 1560 mm
1600 mm 1610 – 1760 mm s
1800 mm 1810 – 1960 mm
2000 mm 2010 – 2160 mm
2200 mm 2210 – 2360 mm
2400 mm 2410 – 2560 mm
3000 mm 3010 – 3160 mm
3200 mm 3210 – 3360 mm
3400 mm 3410 – 3560 mm
3600 mm 3610 – 3760 mm
3800 mm 3810 – 3960 mm
L– length (mm)
4000 mm 4010 – 4160 mm DN/ID s – solid wall thickness (mm)
DN/ID – internal diameter (mm)
Standard nominal diameter DN/OD – outside diameter (mm)
Higher wall thicknesses (s > 80 mm) can be realized DN/OD
in several production steps.

Tolerances for diameters:

Standard Dimension
DN/ID ≤ 700 mm + 3.0 mm
Ratio (SDR)
800 mm < DN/ID ≤ 1000 mm + 5.0 mm
DN/ID > 1000 + 6.0 mm
DN/ID > 1600 + 8.0 mm The Standard Dimension Ratio is the difference be-
Other dimensions on request. tween the external diameter DN/OD and the wall
thickness (s).
Wall thickness
For DN/OD pipes:
The wall thickness (s) is half of the difference betwe-
en the internal diameter and the external diameter. DN / OD
SDR =
s

DN/OD - DN/ID
s= [mm] For DN/OD pipes:
2

The pipes shall be free of blisters, shrink holes and DN / ID + 2s

SDR =
inhomogeneities which might impair their perfor- s
mance in service.

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Pipe marking

Inspection friendly inside surface

Generally the pipes have to be marked according

to DIN 8074 No. 8. The minimum marking should
indicate:

• Manufacturer Code, e.g. KRAH

• If available, third-party control marks
• Material Code, e.g. PE100
• DIN-Number, e.g. DIN16961
• External diameter, e.g. DN/OD 1200 or in
ternal diameter, e.g. DN/ID 1200
• Wall thickness, e.g. 30 mm
• Melt Flow Rate, e.g. MFR005
Butt fusion of a Krah pipe
• Standard Dimension Ratio, e.g. SDR11
• Date of Manufacturing, e.g. 20130802
• Machine No., e.g. no. 1/KR600

The marking should be clear and should be placed

outside of the pipe in radial direction, at least once
per 1 m pipe length.

Low pressure and Electro fusion socketRóżne tłoczone powierzchnie

high stiffness

In some applications wall thickness for low pressure

is not stiff enough to be buried. Usually pipes with
thicker solid wall have to be applied. Krah technolo-
gy proposes another solution – a PR profile can be
added to the pipe wall. This keeps the low pressure
pipe properties and adds more stiffness that makes
it possible to install the low pressure pipe undergro-
und.

wewnętrzne rur w kolorze żółtym, niebieskim oraz

przewodzące prąd elektryczny.

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LARGE POLYETHYLENE
PIPES
Jointing

For the jointing of the pipes the butt-fusion technolo-

gy according to DVS 2207 is recommended.
Acc. to DIN 8074, the following hoop stress formula
is used: However for low pressure applications the integra-
ted electro fusion joint can be used. Also the flange
connection, where the stub ends are integrated in
p (ds - Smin)
σh = the pipes, is applicable.
2Smin

with:
smin – minimum wall thickness (mm) Quality control
ds – minimum outside diameter (mm)
σh – hoop stress (MPA)
p – pressure (MPA) The quality control requirements and tests are accor-
ding to DIN 8075, or other international standards.
Individual requirements specified in this standard
The hoop stress is related to the MRS value of the may be omitted or supplemented in technical deli-
used material. The safety factor c is usually 1,25 for very conditions relating to particular applications.
water applications. In DIN 16961 (Thermoplastics
pipes and fittings with profiled outer and smooth in-
ner surface) the same basic formula can be used
and rewritten as: Fittings

All kinds of fittings can be manufactured out of pipe

p (ds - Smin) p (di + 2Smin - Smin) p (di + Smin) segments. The preferred jointing procedure is butt
σh = = = welding.
2Smin 2Smin 2Smin

ith:
ds = di + 2 smin (mm)
di – internal diameter (mm)
smin – minimum solid wall thickness
(waterway) (mm)

According to the Krah production technology pipes

can be produced with a structured / profiled wall
(type PR).
Sketch of a PR profile

The Smin in above mentioned formula is for type PR

the minimum thickness (s1) smooth / solid inner sur-
face (waterway wall thickness, between the profiles

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INTEGRATED ELECTRO
FUSION
A complete pipe system is always just as secure as
its weakest component. The weakest component
is the joint. Therefore it is important to choose the
most suitable and permanent one. The welding of
small diameter plastic pipes and fittings with the
help of electro fusion has been a common method
in the market for years.
This jointing technique allows pipes to be installed
in such a short period of time never achieved be-
fore. With only one welding device it is possible to
install a pipeline of 72 m with a diameter of 1200
mm in between 8 hours. The installation speed is
now depending on the trench works.

Above all because this jointing technique is very

favourable, simple and secure, which has caused
Krah to develop this technique for big pipes accor-
ding to DVS 2207-1.
Welding procedure
Generally the electro fusion socket and the spigot
A fusion wire is included into the socket of the pipe.
are already prepared for the welding and the we-
After putting the socket and spigot of the two pipes,
lding wire is included into the socket before delivery.
that shall be connected, together, the wire is heated
After the basic justification of the pipes, the plastic
with the help of a special fusion device whereby the
foil, which serves as protection, is removed. Now
two pipe ends (the socket and the spigot) are we-
the welding area is cleaned. The connection of the
lded together.
welding wire should be at the top of the pipes as this
facilitates the later connecting. The spigot can now
be shifted into the socket. The pipe is justified, the
Number of inside support ring necessary for pipes which are
DN / ID Voltage Time
welding larger than 800 mm, is put into the right position and
[мм] [В] [сек.] devices
300 15 780 1
the outer tensile band is tightened. Now the wire
ends can be connected to the welding device. The
400 18 840 1
pipe contains a barcode, which includes all neces-
500 20 900 1
sary information for the welding. With the help of a
600 24 1020 1
barcode reader this information is processed and
700 25 1080 1
the welding can be started.
800 33 1020 1
900 39 720 1
After having finished the welding, a certain cooling
1000 40 1080 1 time, which depends on several factors, has to be
1100 41 1200 1 respected. The result is a permanently and longitu-
1200 43 1260 1 dinally strong superior joint of two pipes. The con-
1300 46 1320 1 nection is homogenous and all jointed components
1400 28 1020 2 build an inseparable unit. The waterway is protected
1500 32 1020 2 against entering or leaking out and root penetration
1600 33 1080 2 is prevented.
1700 34 1200 2
1800 40 900 2
1900 38 1100 2
2000 39 1200 2

Average welding parameters for larger diameters on

request.

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Software

The welding device has the capacity to record any

individual welding. These welding records are sa-
Electro fusion socket including welding device and barcode
ved in the device and can be read out by the com-
puter. The software which is needed for this is cal-
led «Krahcode». With this software two things can
be done: On one hand the data of the welding devi-
ce can be read and administrated and on the other
hand the barcodes for the welding of the pipes can
be made.

Traceability

Information uploaded onto the electro fusion device Electro fusion welding procedure

can be used to trace back specific product batches.

The barcode is added to the fittings as well as to the
pipes and contains information about pipe history,
product type, pipeline components etc. Via barcode
reader and the special software Krahcode all data
are decoded and attached to the welding report.

Integration
Electro fusion weld of a pipe connection

ŁThe Krah electro fusion system is not based on

couplings, but the electro fusion joint is an integra-
ted part in the pipe and also in all fittings and man-
holes.

Welding of a large diameter pipe in a narrow trench

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Relevant standards

DIN 323: Preferred numbers and series of

preferred numbers; basic values, Large solid wall pipe
calculated values, rounded values
DIN 8074: Polyethylene (PE) pipes PE63,
PE80, PE100, PE-HD
DIN 8075: (at present at the stage of draft).
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
pipes; dimensions
DIN 50011: Testing of materials, components
and equipment; ovens; concepts,
requirements
DIN 16776: Plastic moulding materials; poly
ethylene (PE) moulding materials; Complicated bend

classification and designation

DIN 50049: Materials testing certificates
DIN 53759: Testing of plastic articles; long-
term internal pressure testing of
hollow bodies
ISO 161: Thermoplastics pipe for the trans
port of fluids – Nominal outside dia
meters and nominal pressures
ISO 4065: Thermoplastics pipes – Universal
all thickness table
DIN 16961: Thermoplastics pipes and fittings Outfall pipeline

with profiled outer and smooth in

ner surfaces
EN 13476: Plastics piping systems for non-
pressure underground drainage
and sewerage – Structured-wall pi
ping systems of unplasticized
poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), po
lypropylene (PP) and polyethylene
(PE)
SR04B023: Krah pipes in relation to internal
Heavy wall pipes
pressure

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KRAH PROFILED
PIPES
Water is of vital importance. Without water no life
would exist and our planet would be a huge de-
sert. Plants, animals and humans are composed of
50–80% water, from polluted water or water scarcity
however, they suffer, fall ill or even die. Therefore,
our common future is endangered when water is not
available in sufficient amount and quality.
Water is a heritage of nature and it belongs to all
living beings. The right of access to sufficient and
clean water is a universal law and it is therefore
anchored in important international treaties. The
uneven distribution of rain and water on Earth leads
to water scarcity in many regions. Already today 1
billion people (20% of the world population) have no
secure access to clean drinking water and 2 billion
people do not dispose of access to sanitary instal-
lations. Thousands of children die every year due to
polluted water. Moreover global climate change will
intensify the water crisis.
All these facts force the world population to react in
order to rescue our home planet.
To improve this situation and find solutions a lot of
governmental bodies, engineering and construction
companies as well as pipe manufacturers have fo-
cused in this world threatening issue.
However, for years tremendous difficulties were ob-
served when selecting the material of construction
for infrastructure systems which should be suitable
to provide anticipated permanent solutions.
10
Over the last decades the inherent weaknesses of
concrete, clay, ductile, PVC and steel caused tre-
mendous problems in existing sewer pipe systems,
as they tend to be brittle or are too sensitive to ag-
gressive chemicals and soil conditions. Failures had
become a common occurrence worldwide in sewer
and other large-diameter-pipe applications. In addi-
tion they have an unprofitable relation between cost
and benefit.
So Krah derived benefit from the fact that the pro-
cessing of polyolefin is very easy and the plastic
materials provide superior properties against adver-
se effects of the ambient and the chemicals.
In addition to the permanent solution that lasts
through generations, Krah piping system is able to
provide everlasting and economic solutions in wide-
ranging fields of applications as for example drain,
storm drain and sewer systems as well as sea out-
fall, manholes and reservoirs.
In order to meet the requirements of the infrastruc-
ture systems, Krah has developed the most robust
and advantageous large bore pipe systems of which
all features are described in detail in this brochure.
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Production technology at the

highest level

Sewer pipeline
KKrah AG is a German machine manufacturer with
over 35 years of experience in the design, develop-
ment and construction of production plants for large
diameter pipes. The machine is equipped with all
necessary components to produce pipes and fittings
with all different kinds of sizes and stiffness as well
as the profiles mentioned on the following pages.
Even the complete range of diameters can be pro-
duced on one machine by using the production tools
in the required diameters.

Basically Krah pipes are produced in an extrusion

process, where a profile is wounded around a col-
Outfall pipeline
lapsible steel mandrel. The profile can be solid wall
or structured wall.

Beside the extensive pipe range that can be pro-

duced, the main features of the machine are a high
production output, the simple operation and short
change-over times.

Thanks to very close cooperation and a steady infor-

mation flow with our customers world-wide, we are
always up-to-date regarding upcoming demands
and changes on the pipe market. This gives us the
possibility to develop necessary modifications to our
machines in order to respond to the needs of our
Silos for raw materials
customers.

Sewer pipeline with bend and manhole jointed by electro

fusion

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KRAH PROFILED PIPES

Material

Polyethylene (PE80 and PE100) and polypropylene Since the latest developments, high stiff polypropy-
are thermoplastics with excellent properties for the lene can be used, if you are interested ask for fur-
application of water and sewer, as well as for the ther information and data sheets.
fabrication of containers for liquids and solid mate-
rials. The environmental friendly polyethylene and
polypropylene are resistant to many chemicals and
very suitable for conveying and storing various li-
quids.

Krah pipes can be produced of the following ther- Pipe diameter

moplastic materials:
- high density polyethylene (PE80 and PE100),
- polypropylene-random (PP-R),
- polypropylene-homo (PP-H),
- polypropylene-non-flammable (PP-S).
These materials feature below mentioned proper-
ties. Other materials can be used after prior accep-
tance of the producer and a third party for quality
control. However, the processed material should
have the below listed specification.
Krah pipes can be produced stepless at intervals of
100 mm with internal diameters (ID) from DN 300
mm to DN 4000 mm.
The nominal diameters (DN) matches with the in-
ternal diameter (ID) of the pipe, because in case of
any change in the design of the pipe, the wall thick-
ness can be increased or reduced while the internal
diameter remains the same. This ensures that the
designated hydraulic capacity for the installation is
maintained.

DN / OD
Typical material specification DN/ID
range

Property Standard
PE 80 PE 100 PP-R 300 mm 310 - 460 mm
Unit

DIN 53479 г/см³ 0.95 0.96 0.91 400 mm 410 – 560 mm

Density
ISO 1183
500 mm 510 – 660 mm
Melt Index ISO 1133 г/10 мин
Код T ок. 0.43 0.45 0.50 600 mm 610 – 760 mm
MFR 190/5 Код V ок. 10 6,6 -
MFR 190/21.6 Код V - - 1.25-1.5 800 mm 810 – 960 mm
MFR 230/5
1000 mm 1010 – 1160 mm
Tensile modulus ISO 178 Н/мм²
Short-term 1.000 1200 750 1200 mm 1210 – 1360 mm
Long-term (50 years) 170 170 160
1400 mm 1410 – 1560 mm
Yields stress DIN 53495 Н/мм² 23 25 26 1600 mm 1610 – 1760 mm
Tensile strength DIN 53495 Н/мм² 32 38 15 1800 mm 1810 – 1960 mm
Elongation at break DIN 53495 % > 600 > 600 > 50
2000 mm 2010 – 2160 mm

ISO 2039 Н/мм² 42 46 45 2200 mm 2210 – 2360 mm

Ball indentation hardness
2400 mm 2410 – 2560 mm
Coefficient of linear thermal DIN 53752 1/°C 1.8 x 1.8 x 1.6 x
expansion 10-4 10-4 10-4 3000 mm 3010 – 3160 mm
- - black black 3200 mm 3210 – 3360 mm
Colour grey
yellow yellow
3400 mm 3410 – 3560 mm
3600 mm 3610 – 3760 mm
3800 mm 3810 – 3960 mm
4000 mm 4010 – 4160 mm
Production range
12 Instalplast-KHV
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Pipe length
The standard laying length (L) of the Krah pipes is
six meters, because in this way they are easy to
handle, store and transport. Installation of two pre-joined pipes

Bending of Krah pipes

DN/ID – internal diameter (mm)

L – laying length (mm)

In addition it is possible to produce continuously any

length between one and six meters. The longer a
pipe is the fewer joints are necessary and this is
advantageous for the installation of the pipe. Mo-
reover it is possible to deliver the pipes already jo-
inted, whereby the installation time on site can be
reduced significantly. Lengths up to 18 m consisting
Storage of different kind of pipes
of 3 pipe sections are common.

Special bend

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KRAH PROFILED
PIPES
Wall thicknesses
be reduced up to 65% compared to a solid wall pipe
with the same ring stiffness. Krah pipes offer the
Both profiled and solid wall pipes with wall thicknes-
best security and durability. The wall thicknesses
ses up to 300 mm can be produced.
of our pipes can be adapted in small steps to the
respective load.
Minimum wall thickness according to
EN 13476, table 5

Normal
pipe size s1, s1,
PE [мм] PP [мм]
DN/ID [мм]

300 2.0 2.0

400 2.5 2.5
500 2.5 3.0
600 3.3 3.5
800 4.5 4.5
1000 5.0 5.0
> 1200 5.0 5.0

a – profile distance (mm)

s1 – waterway thickness (mm)
The quality of the pipe is highly depending on the s4 – coating thickness (mm)
h – profile height (mm)
quality of the waterway wall, therefore all Krah pipes
are usually produced with a minimum waterway wall
of 4 mm.

Internal pressure
Profiled pipe wall The Krah pipe system can withstand low working
pressure up to 3 bar, depending on the thickness of
the waterway wall (s1). Equivalent to DIN 8074 the
The great advantage of this development is that a
hoop stress formula can be used to calculate the s1
profiled pipe has a very low weight, but at the same
as the minimum wall thickness.
time can be used for high load applications. A lot
less material is needed to produce a pipe with the
same static properties than a solid wall pipe, which
means significant savings in material costs.
Co-extrusion
The supportable static load is determined for every
profile geometry by the factors elastic modulus (N/ If requested all pipes can be delivered either with a
mm2) of the respective material and the moment of bright, inspection friendly or an electro-conductive
inertia of the profile geometry (mm4/mm) referring inner surface made by the co-extrusion process.
to the pipe diameter. The result is called ring stiff-
ness. By using a profile design pipe, the weight can

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The co-extrusion ensures an inspection friendly, bri-

ght inner surface and at the same time a long term
UV-resistant outer surface (for example, for the sto-
rage of pipes outside for a long time).
Krah pipes installed in a very narrow trench

Norms and standards

The Krah piping system is designed to meet the
requirements of present applicable internatio-
nal norms and standards. Krah AG is member
of the major standardization committees to gu-
arantee that the pipes are corresponding to the
Transportation of Krah pipes
standards, but also that the standards are corre-
sponding to the pipes.
ze standardami, natomiast z drugiej strony normy
te, odpowiadają nowoczesnym wymaganiom, co
sprawia, że rury są całkowicie dostosowane do
rzeczywistych warunków.

The Krah pipe corresponds to the following inter-

national standards:

Subject Standard

DIN 16961,
pr EN 1347-1
Pipe або по запиту
ASTM F 894 Different co-extrusions – yellow, blue and electro
NBR 7373 conductive
JIS K 6780
ATV A 127
Static dimensions
ISO 9969

Hydraulic dimensioning ATV A110

Pipe installations EN 1610

Welding DVS 2207
Internal standard KWS

Shaft DIN/ID 4000 mm

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PIPE PROPERTIES
Weldability Resistant to microorganisms,
rodents and termites
Due to the thermoplastic material the pipes can be
welded together which signifies, that the whole pi-
peline builds a homogenous system and is absolu-
tely safe against infiltration and exfiltration.
The smooth round surface of plastic pipes does not
give the teeth of rodents sufficient hold to cause da-
mage. Moreover even in termite-affected countries
Good chemical no damage to polyethylene pipelines by termites
resistance has ever been occurred. Polyethylene and polypro-
pylene are not a nutrient medium for bacteria, fungi
and spores, so that the material is resistant to all
For buried pipelines the biogenous sulphuric acid forms of microbial attack as well as to both sulphu-
corrosion plays a key role regarding the longevity of rous acid and sulfates.
the system. The biogenous sulphuric acid corrosion
only takes place above the water level and therefore
only occurs in partly filled pipes. Thanks to the used
material Krah pipeline systems guarantee optimum
security and resistance.
Hydraulics

Inner diameter and hydraulic properties of Krah pi-

Impact resistance
The high impact resistance, even at low tempera-
tures, ensures a robust pipe, resistant against im-
pacts during transport, installation on the site and
during the whole service life conditions.
pes will remain constant regardless of the wall thick-
ness or the profiles due to the smooth anti-adhesive
inner pipe surface. The nominal diameter (e.g. DN/
ID 500) corresponds to the respective inner diame-
ter according to DIN 16961.
Compared to other pipe materials like concrete,
smaller diameters can be used, which means that
costs for material and installation can be reduced
considerably.

Recycling
Inch

Polyethylene and polypropylene can be recycled

to 100%. These materials have the property to be
reworkable without the structure of the material ha-
ving to be modified dramatically. For this reason all
waste material of polyethylene and polypropylene
pipes can be led back into the production cycle. PE clay steel ductile concrete

Wall roughness

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Abrasion resistance

Polyethylene and polypropylene pipes are among

The easy handling of Krah pipes
the most abrasion proof pipes. This has been te-
sted in the so-called Darmstadt procedure and the
results are shown in the below diagram and confirm
the quality of polyethylene pipes. Tests have been
performed at the «Süddeutsche Kunststoffzentrum»
for its approval.

abrasion (mm)

concrete pipe GFK pipe

coated
concrete pipe

Clay pipe Manual unloading of Krah pipes

PVC pipe

PP or PE pipe

cycles

Abrasion curve of various pipe materials

according to the Darmstadt procedure

UV-resistance
Storage of Krah pipes

Black polyethylene pipes are permanently resistant

to atmospheric corrosion and UV radiation. Thus
the pipes can be used and stored outside without
the pipe material being damaged. No aging effect
will occur.

Wall of SQ Krah pipes

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PIPE PROPERTIES
Specific light weig
The Krah pipes have a very low weight and there- diverted to the surrounding soil. Flexible pipes still
fore are easy to handle during installation, which function, when other rigid pipe systems have alre-
makes the usage of a crane on site in most of the ady broken. Even in the case of a deformation the
cases unnecessary. system is still absolute resistant against infiltration
and exfiltration.

Specific weight in kg/dm3

Since the pipes are profiled on the outside, these
profiles can fix the pipes in the soil. There will be
no or very few axial extensions in the pipeline. Krah
pipes are nearly unaffected by temperature varia-
tions.

PE PVC GFK Clay Concrete Ductile Steel

Material characteristic values

Flexibility

Pipes made of Polyethylene and Polypropylene

By using a profile design pipe, the weight can be
reduced up to 65% compared to a solid wall pipe with
the same ring stiffness.
have considerable advantages to other pipe mate-
rials like concrete, steel, ductile etc. Due to their ma-
terial the Krah pipes posses over a high elongation
at break. This signifies, that the pipe can support
even loads or deformations, that were not included
in the actual calculation and design of the pipe, like
for example earthquakes. The Krah pipes deform
conform with the movement of the earth without any
breaks or cracks, so that the activity of the pipeline
is not drastically affected. As soon as the overload
and earth movement ends, the pipe will go back to
its initial condition and position.

Another advantage is the high flexibility. Even in

areas which are highly affected by 11 earthquakes,
Deformation resistance our pipes are hardly damaged in comparison to pi-
pes made of other materials. Despite the flexibility
of the Krah pipes they have a great capacity to carry
Elastic pipes can react to changes in their environ-
loads, so that they are also suitable for road con-
ment. Due to the deformation performance, the load
is distributed to its surrounding and the force acting
on the pipe will be diminished. Within a short time
there is a balance in the area around the pipeline
and the deformation comes to a standstill. Plastic pi-
pes react very flexible to static loads, while the loads
do not concentrate themselves on the pipe, but are

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Deflection is safety

Deflection of flexible pipes is controlled by the set- Quick manhole installation

tlement of the soil. After settlement, traffic and other
loads do not affect pipe deflection. When pipes are
relatively more rigid than the soil, the traffic and
other loads have to be resisted by the pipe.

Installation of a sewage pipe with a complete manhole

Deflection of flexible pipes compared to

flexural resistant pipes

Many years of practical experience have shown that

flexible pipes (b) can resist traffic and other loads
more effective than flexural resistant pipes (a) made
of concrete or other rigid material. Installation of a pipe DN/ID 2000 mm
As shown in the drawing, the flexible pipes elude
a selective strain by deflection. By this means the
surrounding soil absorbs this strain.

Installation of a TWIN-pipe DN/ID 2000 mm with fittings

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PROFILES
Profile type: PR
One of the great advantages of Krah pipes is that
it is easily adaptable to all different kinds of project
The main properties of the profile series PR is the
requirements.
smooth inside and the profiled outside. The low we-
ight and the high stiffness are significant.
According to different norms and standards, the
pipes shall be designed according to nominal ring
The fields of application for this kind of profiles are
stiffness classes (SN) like SN2 (only for pipes DN >
pipeline systems like for example sewer, drain,
500), SN4, SN8 or SN16 (according to ISO9969), or
storm drain and ventilation.
other standard stiffness classes (DIN16961, ASTM
F894, NBR 7373 etc) not depending on the testing
method (constant speed or constant load).

In addition, according to EN13476-3 9.1, the ma-

nufacturer is also allowed to produce pipes DN/ Profile no. Ix
PR e [мм] se [мм]
ID > 500 mm in between the SN classes, in case [мм4/мм]

he is able to prove and underline this decision PR 21-000.39 395 6.85 16.80
with the help of a static calculation. PR 34-001.23 1229 11.01 24.50
PR 42-001.88 1884 13.14 28.30
It is useful to perform static calculations for Krah pi- PR 42-002.60 2604 14.69 31.50
pes taking into consideration the specifications of PR 54-004.39 4386 18.20 37.50
each particular project. In 99% of cases the pipes PR 54-004.71 4706 17.62 38.40
selected for a particular project are over-dimensio- PR 54-005.26 5260 20.32 29.80
ned in the original project design documentation. PR 54-005.66 5561 19.70 40.80
Using the calculations it is possible to prove that it is
PR 54-006.57 6569 21.54 42.90
sufficient to install a pipe with less stiffness but the
PR 54-007.02 7032 21.11 43.80
correct profile, including the required safety factor
PR 54-007.98 7983 22.72 45.80
which is also cheaper and faster to install.
PR 54-008.49 8492 22.41 46.70
PR 54-010.07 10074 23.68 49.40
The real pipe quality consists of the right wa-
PR 54-011.77 11774 24.88 52.10
terway wall thickness, a good raw material and
PR 54-012.92 12917 26.14 53.70
a secure jointing technology; but not the stiff-
ness. PR 54-014.28 14277 26.05 55.50
PR 54-016.32 16321 26.20 58.10
PR 54-019.34 19844 29.97 62.00

Profile number
List of typical profiles, type PR
Ix – moment of inertia
PR 54 - 4.39
e – distance of inertia
Ix – moment of inertia (mm) se – equivalent solid wall thickness

diameter of the pipe

profile type
(PR, SQ, SP, VW, ST)

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Profile type: SQ

This profile pipe has a smooth inside and outside Bend DN/ID 2400 mm
including internal profiles with one or more layers.
This profile has a very high long-term stiffness the-
refore it is very suitable for extremely high loads and
big diameters.

Profile no. Ix [мм4/мм] e, se

SQ1 9.400 - 27.000 Information on request

SQ2 46.000 - 133.000 Information on request

Bend with integrated electro fusion joint

SQ3 164.000 - 300.000 Information on request

List of typical profiles, type SQ

Ix – moment of inertia
e – distance of inertia
se – equivalent solid wall thickness

Profile type: SP

Should a standard profile not be sufficient due to the

effects of all different kinds of loads, the Krah pipe Special waste stream cleaning application
system makes it possible to combine different kinds
of profiles in order to achieve the required effects.
For example a PR profile can be added to a SQ pro-
file or a solid wall pipe without any problems.

With this technique, the following two effects are

achieved: both profiles can be statically added whe-
reby a stronger pipe is produced and a profile will be
added to the otherwise smooth surface, which has
advantages regarding the anchoring of the pipes in
the soil preventing the axial deformation.

Different kinds of fittings

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SOLID WALL
Solid wall pipes Profile type: VW

This pipe type has a smooth inner surface and a
slightly uneven outer surface. The pipes are produ-
ced homogenously. Moreover these solid wall pipes
are tempered, which means that there are no frozen
stresses.
The type VW is a homogeneous solid pipe with
smooth inside and outside surface. These pipes can
be used for internal working pressure. The minimum
wall thickness measures 5 mm, the maximum thick-
ness is 80 mm.

s\ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 20 25 30 35 40
DN/ID [кг/м]
300 4.6 5.5 6.5 7.4 8.4 9.3 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.3 14.2 17.3 19.3 24.5 29.9 35.4 41.0
400 6.1 7.3 8.6 9.8 11.1 12.4 13.6 14.9 16.2 17.5 18.8 22.7 25.3 32.0 38.9 45.9 53.1
500 7.6 9.2 10.7 12.3 13.8 15.4 17.0 18.5 20.1 21.7 23.3 28.1 31.4 39.6 48.0 56.5 65.1
600 9.1 11.0 12.8 14.7 16.5 18.4 20.3 22.1 24.0 25.9 27.8 33.5 37.4 47.1 57.0 67.0 77.2
700 10.6 12.8 14.9 17.1 19.2 21.4 23.6 25.8 28.0 30.1 32.3 39.0 43.4 54.7 66.0 77.6 89.3
800 12.1 14.6 17.0 19.5 22.0 24.4 26.9 29.4 31.9 34.4 36.9 44.4 49.5 62.2 75.1 88.1 101.3
900 13.6 16.4 19.1 21.9 24.7 27.4 30.2 33.0 35.8 38.6 41.4 49.8 55.5 69.7 84.1 98.7 113.4
1000 15.2 18.2 21.3 24.3 27.4 30.5 33.5 36.6 39.7 42.8 45.9 55.3 61.5 77.3 93.2 109.2 125.5
1100 16.7 20.0 23.4 26.7 30.1 33.5 36.9 40.2 43.6 47.0 50.4 60.7 67.6 84.8 102.2 119.8 137.5
1200 18.2 21.8 25.5 29.1 32.8 36.5 40.2 43.9 47.5 51.3 55.0 66.1 73.6 92.4 111.3 130.4 149.6
1300 19.7 23.6 27.6 31.6 35.5 39.5 43.5 47.5 51.5 55.5 59.5 71.5 79.6 99.9 120.3 140.9 161.6
1400 21.2 25.4 29.7 34.0 38.2 42.5 46.8 51.1 55.4 59.7 64.0 77.0 85.6 107.4 129.4 151.5 173.7
1500 22.7 27.3 31.8 36.4 41.0 45.5 50.1 54.7 59.3 63.9 68.5 82.4 91.7 115.0 138.4 162.0 185.8
1600 24.2 29.1 33.9 38.8 43.7 48.6 53.4 58.3 63.2 68.1 73.1 87.8 97.7 122.5 147.5 172.6 197.8
1700 25.7 30.9 36.0 41.2 46.4 51.6 56.8 62.0 67.1 72.4 77.6 93.3 103.7 130.1 156.5 183.1 209.9
1800 27.2 32.7 38.1 43.6 49.1 54.6 60.1 65.6 71.1 76.6 82.1 98.7 109.8 137.6 165.6 193.7 222.0
1900 28.7 34.5 40.3 46.0 51.8 57.6 63.4 69.2 75.0 80.8 86.6 104.1 115.8 145.1 174.6 204.2 234.0
2000 30.2 36.3 42.4 48.4 54.5 60.6 66.7 72.8 78.9 85.0 91.2 109.5 121.8 152.7 183.7 214.8 246
2100 31.7 38.1 44.5 50.9 57.2 63.6 70.0 76.4 82.8 89.3 95.7 115.0 127.9 160.2 192.7 225.4 258
2200 33.2 39.9 46.6 53.3 60.0 66.7 73.3 80.1 86.8 93.5 100.2 120.4 133.9 167.8 201.8 235.9 270.1
2300 34.8 41.7 48.7 55.7 62.7 69.7 76.7 83.7 90.7 97.7 104.7 125.8 139.9 175.3 210.8 246.5 282.3
2400 36.3 43.5 50.8 58.1 65.4 72.7 80.0 87.3 94.6 101.9 109.2 131.3 146.0 182.8 219.9 257.0 294.3
2500 37.8 45.3 52.9 60.5 68.1 75.7 83.3 90.9 98.5 106.1 113.8 136.7 152.0 190.4 228.9 267.6 306.4
2600 39.3 47.2 55.0 62.9 70.8 78.7 86.6 94.5 102.4 110.4 118.3 142.1 158.0 197.9 237.9 278.1 318.5
2700 40.8 49.0 57.1 65.3 73.5 81.7 89.9 98.1 106.4 114.6 122.8 147.5 164.1 202.5 247.0 288.7 330.5
2800 42.3 50.8 59.3 67.7 76.2 84.7 93.3 101.8 110.3 118.8 127.3 153.0 170.1 213.0 256.0 299.2 342.6
2900 43.8 52.6 61.4 70.2 79.0 87.8 96.6 105.4 114.2 123.0 131.9 158.4 176.1 220.5 265.1 309.8 354.7
3000 45.3 54.4 63.5 72.6 81.7 90.8 99.9 109.0 118.1 127.3 136.4 163.8 182.2 228.1 274.1 320.4 366.7

Weight of pipes, type VW

s – solid wall thickness, (mm).
Other dimensions and materials on request.
Weights without socket and spigot.

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Profile type: ST
Pipes with the profile type ST are specially made
for vertical tanks, where different wall thicknesses
in one pipe are required to save material. Solid wall polyethylene pipe

The calculation method is according to DVS 2205.

stepped pipes minimum maximum

nominal width (Di) 300 [мм] 4000 [мм]

number of steps (n) two six
length of step (L) 200 [мм] pipe length
5 [мм]
300 mm for PE
wall thickness of step (s)
150 mm for PP
Vertical «stepped» storage tank for industrial applications

5 [мм]
step distance

Technical data of stepped pipes

Vertical storage tanks of polyethylene

Sketch of a stepped vertical storage tank

S1 – wall thickness of the step I
L1 – length of the step I
Different types of pipes

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FITTINGS
The Krah pipe can be provided in the complete form. The angle can be adapted individually from
range of diameters and stiffness classes but also 15° to 90° as well as the ends and the respective
fittings, manholes and other components are deli- segment lengths.
verable to accomplish the mission of a homogenous
and reliable pipe system.

All fittings are fabricated from pipes of the type VW

or SQ. Generally the fittings are designed corre- Bends
sponding to the required stiffness and in conside-
ration of the welding factors. Every fitting can have
any kind of pipe end and can be assembled with the
existing pipe system with any jointing technique. Bends can be manufactured and segmented in dif-
ferent angles and the related radius of the bend to
All pipe end dimensions fulfill the requirements of the pipe diameter can be selected independently.
standard EN 14376, like the minimum lengths and stif-
fness. The standard spigot length (Ls) is 140 mm and
the standard socket length (Lm) is 140 mm.
α Number of segments

All fittings are fabricated out of pipes (mainly solid 15° 2

wall pipes) with an equivalent stiffness.
30° 2
45° 3
60° 3
75° 4
90° 4

Number of segments

In the table the standard bend angles are mentio-

ned, according to DIN 16961 – other diameters on
request. Basically every angle can be produced.

All pipe end dimensions fulfill the requirements of

the standard EN 14376, like the minimum length and
stiffness. The standard spigot length (Ls) is 140 mm
Reductions
and the standard socket length (Lm) is 140 mm.

All fittings are fabricated out of pipes (mainly solid

wall pipes) with an equivalent stiffness. Reductions can be made both centric and eccen-
tric so that they always meet the requirements. For
standard reductions the maximum difference in dia-
meter is 200 mm, other differences on request.

Branches
Branches can be manufactured
and delivered in every type and

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4
3
Manhole with an integrated bend and electro fusion joint
3
2
2
1
1

Division and new arrangement of the pipe segments to

create a 90° angle.

House connections

Fabrication of a fitting
House connections can be installed at any time
using our transition sleeves. The house connection
can be built onto the profile pipe at any place and
in any weather. All usual dimensions for house con-
nection lines are available. The assembly can be
carried out by experts on site.

The standard diameters are DN/OD 160 mm and

DN/OD 200 mm, but other dimensions are possi-
ble.

Following any other kind of pipe system as, for

example, corrugated, clay and PVC pipes can be
jointed. Bend DN/ID 2000 mm

Puddle flanges

In order to lead Krah pipes through walls, e.g. in se-

wage plants or concrete shafts, we recommend our
puddle flanges which can be flush mounted in con-
crete. The tightness is secured by an anchor and a
ring made of EPDM.

Reduction DN/ID 2400 mm to DN/ID 1200 mm

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MANHOLES
To have the possibility to control and maintain pipe
systems regularly, manholes are integrated in the
system. They are mainly installed at the positions
of bends, reduction or branches. The manholes are
made of the same material as the pipes and are
also connected to the system with similar jointing
techniques. The special advantage is that a homo-
genous system of the same material is produced.
With preference, profile types like SQ and VW are
used for the production of the manholes, as the soil
can densify better at the smooth outside of the pipe
and can settle without problems.
cording to the engineers requirements are possible.
The main advantage is the sustainable, flexible, li-
ght weight, inspection friendly, self-cleaning and du-
rable construction.
Tangential manhole
This manhole is situated tangentially to the pipe,
that means it is displaced from the middle. That is
the reason why by using this kind of manholes with
the standard diameter of DN/ID 1000 mm it can be
also used by pipes with bigger diameters.

Standard manhole

This kind of manhole is situated centrically abo-

ve the pipe. Because of static and safety reasons
this type is only recommended if the diameter of
the pipe is smaller or equal to the diameter of the
manhole. Normally the diameters DN/ID 800 mm of
DN/ID 1000 mm are used for this kind of manhole.

Like the standard manhole, the lower part of the

manhole is completely fabricated out of polyethy-
lene or polypropylene according to the static requ-
irements. The upper part is a concrete or reinforced
concrete ring according to DIN 4034. Even very
complex constructions according to the engineer
requirements are possible. The main advantage of
the tangential manhole is the sustainable, flexible,
light weight, inspection friendly, self-cleaning, dura-
Usually the lower part of the manhole is completely
ble and a very cost effective construction.
fabricated out of polyethylene or polypropylene ac-
cording to the static requirements. The upper part
is a concrete or reinforced concrete ring according
to DIN 4034. Even very complex constructions ac-

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Special manhole

Standard manhole DN/ID 1000 mm

If required a manhole made of concrete can be pro-

duced with an inlet and outlet designed to connect
to the Krah pipe system.

For the cover of the manholes there exist all diffe-

rent kinds of possibilities. Especially the application
case and the loads are a major criteria for the cor-
rect choice of the cover.

Regularly the manholes are installed in such a way

that the top edge is justified to the earth’s surface or
the street. In this case the cover has to be designed
in a way that the direct load conditions, e.g. cros- Special end-manhole with different connections
sing vehicles, can be carried and forwarded. The
most frequently used system is the concrete plate
above the manhole which lies on a ring anchor.

The advantage is that the rising loads are not for-

warded to the manhole but through the ring anchor
to the surrounding earth.

These covers are especially suitable for the instal-

lation in roads, as the cover is integrated into the
asphalt and flexibly connected with the manhole
(telescopic). Thus the cover moves with the asphalt
in case that the road settles and the manhole is al-
Inside of a standard manhole with a berm and stairs
ways even.

Krah pipe with a manhole produced with bricks

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JOINTING
TECHNOLOGY
All Krah pipes are produced automatically with a Extrusion welding
socket and spigot, which are adaptable to the follo-
wing kinds of jointing techniques:

Electro fusion joint

The pipes and/or fittings which shall be connected

are jointed by a socket and spigot joint. Thus the
two pipe ends are connected with the help of an
extrusion welding device. The jointing method can
be carried out inside or/and outside of the pipe.
This jointing is most suitable for low-pressure gra-
vity pipes and manholes.
This is the most preferred joint system, as the whole
pipe system becomes a homogenous unit. The welding has to be done according to DVS
2207 part 4.
A welding wire which is included in the socket or
spigot is heated with the help of a special welding
device whereby the two pipe ends (the socket and Heat element butt welding
the spigot) are jointed together. The electro fusion
jointing technique is a very favourable, simple and
secure method to install pipes in even very narrow
trenches in a short time.

For further information please refer to our brochure

«Technology – integrated electro fusion joint».

V seam extrusion welding

The pipes and fittings are jointed with the help of
an extrusion welding extruder. The outside of the
ends are chamfered. Thus a welding seam is produ-
ced which looks like «V». Normally no socket-spigot
connection is used.
The pipes and fittings are jointed with the help of
a heating element butt welding machine. The ends
of the pipes and fittings are butt-welded. This kind
of jointing method is only recommended for pipes
and fittings with a maximum wall thickness of 150
mm and with diameters from DN/ID 300 mm to DN/
ID 2500 mm.
The welding has to be done according to DVS
2207 part 1.

The welding has to be done according to DVS

2207 part 4.

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Flange connection

Heat element butt welding connection

The ends of the pipes and fittings are jointed with

the help of a steel flange and a rubber gasket. De-
pending on the type of pipe the flange adapters
are completely manufactured with the pipe, or the
flanges are available as separate fitting. This kind
of jointing method is mostly used for open sea di-
scharge application and for tank connections. The
greatest advantage of this connection is the facility
of disjointing.
Electro fusion socket

Gasket connection

Electro fusion connection on site

Our system has solid plain socket and spigot, with

an integrated EPDM sealing. The minimum wall
thicknesses of the spigot is according to EN13476-3
table 7 and in addition the ring stiffness of the soc-
ket plus the ring stiffness of the spigot is higher than
the ring stiffness of the pipe.

Flange connection

29
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APPLICATIONS
Due to the versatility of Krah pipes, with all its diffe-
rent kinds of profiles, they are applicable in all kind
of fields of application:
Sewer systems
Sewer systems made of profiled Krah pipes have
been used for more than 35 years in all areas of
local and industrial drainage. The Krah AG offers a
modern sewer pipe program with manholes, fittings,
and safe pipe joint systems for the planning of se-
wer treatment plants.
Outfall pipelines
Water outlets are used for the discharge of liquid
and gaseous substances at the base of rivers and
the sea. For the construction and operation of such
pipelines Krah pipes offer considerable advantages,
such as the elasticity of the pipeline and therefore
optimum adaptation to the area, low weight, secure
and strong jointing technology, seawater resistance
and pipe stiffness exactly adapted to the respective
requirements because the appropriate profiles are
selected for every individual project.
Tanks and containers
Profiled or solid wall pipes made of polyethylene or
polypropylene are well suited for the manufacture of
horizontal and vertical tanks. For other special con-
structions like chimneys, compost plants, and wash
towers Krah pipes offer all advantages regarding
variety, precision, quality, and expandability.
30
Reservoirs, storm water tanks
Within a sewage system, especially mixed water
systems, reservoirs can store rainwater for delayed
release to the sewage plant. This will avoid over-
load. As reservoir systems are usually built-in sub-
sequently, they must be assembled in a very short
time. Since the Krah reservoirs are prefabricated,
this condition is fulfilled perfectly. Krah pipes offer
considerable advantages:
• the compact construction allows short buil
ding times,
• 100% tight joints between the various ele
ments due to the electro fusion process,
• smooth inner surfaces which prevent incru
stations,
• the pipe’s self-cleaning ability.
Relining
The re-construction of damaged sewer pipes by
means of relining, «pipe in pipe method», becomes
more and more important. Krah pipes are very su-
itable for the relining process. Specific pipe stiffness
can be calculated for all loads. Also in the area of
short pipe relining, Krah pipes offer competent so-
lutions. The welding can be carried out inside the
shaft. Pipe lengths are available from 1 m to 6 m.
Krah pipes are able to reestablish the static carrying
capacity of the sewer without the need of digging. In
order to insert longer stretches, pipe lengths of up to
18 m can be pre-fabricated. With pipes DN 800 and
larger, it is also possible to insert the pipe one by
one into the existing sewer network and weld from
the inside of the pipe.
 www.iplast.com.ua

Sea outfall pipe line DN/ID 1800 mm

Landfill

Krah is a competent partner for system components for

drainage and de-gassing of landfill sites. Many landfill
sites have been successfully equipped with profiled
drain pipes and manholes. Krah’s developments have
set new standards for soil and ground water protec-
tion. Drain shafts with control systems are available in
diameters of up to DN/ID 4000 mm.

Relining of a concrete pipe

Special applications

In addition to the common areas of application Krah

pipes are also suitable for special projects like tun-
nels etc. Krah pipes are also used as ventilating pi-
pes. The advantage over the traditional ventilating
pipes which are made of sheet steel, is that they are
corrosion-resistant which is especially important for
the chemical and biological industry.
Main collector of a sewage treatment plant

Industrial applications

Pipeline systems which have to install for industry

applications has superior high expectations. Pro-
blem in this field are the chemical constituents and
the high temperatures of the transported medium.
On this case we can produce special applications.
With high quality raw materials, which are resistant
even against high concentrations of chemicals.
Other advantage for this special scope of applica-
tion is the Krah electro fusion pipe connection. He- Industrial ventilation pipes

rewith we can guarantee the high quality not only for

the pipe but rather for a complete system.

31
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NSTALLATION
Pipes made from PP have proven their quality in
industrial praxis.
Transport
The transport of Krah pipes is very easy as they are
very good to move due to the low weight. It only has
to be ensured, that the pipes cannot move and that
they are stored in the right way. In special cases,
e.g. if the pipes are shipped in containers, it is re-
commendable to adapt the total length of the pipe
to the shipping conditions in order to use the space
most efficiently.
Handling
Forklifts with a rod of 5 meters are very suitable for
the handling of the pipe in the production facilities.
On site no additional heavy devices are needed.
Normally the pipes can be unloaded and transpor-
ted to the trench by an excavator which anyway is
present on site.
Storage
For the storage of the pipes and fittings it is absolu-
tely necessary that they are stored on even ground,
free of stones and sharp-edged objects, so that po-
int-loads are avoided. Further it is important to make
sure that the sockets of the upper layer are not con-
tacting the sockets of the lower layer. This means,
the pipes of each layer have to be rotated 180°.
32
In any case the pipes have to be protected against
rolling, especially if the pipes are stored in several
layers above each other. A maximum height of 4
meters should not be exceeded..
Sample of the storage of Krah pipes
In addition to the security aspect the pipes should
always be stored in such a way that they do not de-
form. Generally there should be three wood bearing
supports to guarantee a good load distribution.
Installation
The installation of Krah pipes is very easy. After the
trench has been prepared in the same way as for all
other pipes the Krah pipe is laid down und aligned.
The individual pipe parts are jointed with the diffe-
rent kinds of jointing techniques. The backfilling has
to be carried out according to the requirements of
the static calculations. In general, the installation is
carried out according to EN 1610
Trench
walls
Main Depth of
backfill cover
Initial
Trench
backfill
Side
depth
fill
Bedding
Trench bottom
Installation of a Krah pipe according to EN 1610
 www.iplast.com.ua

Leakage test

Typical storage of pipes

According to the requirements pipe systems have to
be tested for leakage. There exist different kinds of
test procedures.

The frst alternative is the section test, where the

total pipe sections (between two manholes) are te-
sted in all. Air hoses are blown up and they lock the
pipes at both ends. Then, water with a certain nomi-
nal pressure is pumped into the tightened section.
This overpressure is tested after a certain period of
time which gives information about the leakage of
the section.

The other alternative is the jointing test (only po- Installation of a swimming pool storage tank
ssible with diameters greater than DN/ID 600 mm),
where only the pipe joints are tested as it is assu-
med that the pipes themselves are tight. A leakage
testing device is used but the testing principle is the
same applied in the section test, the only difference
is that the test area is the joint.

Installation of rain water tank

Installation of a pipe

33
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QUALITY CONTROL
Total quality management
The quality of the pipes and the pipe products is
the criterion for all developments of Krah AG and
companies using the Krah technology. As the inter-
national requirements vary because of the different
norms and standards, there exists a multiplicity of
test procedures for the quality assurance. The whole
production process is included in an extensive Total
Quality Management System. There are two main
fields, the one is the internal quality control and the
other is the external (third-party) quality control.
Generally the internal quality control is divided into
three different steps:
Before production control
The raw materials and any other input are tested re-
garding the melting flow ratio, moisture and colour.
Usually any new delivery of material is tested before
it is stored. Every test is documented, analyzed and
filed.
During production control
During the production the individual working steps
are continuously supervised and documented. Mo-
reover the most important dimensions are measu-
red and if necessary, corrected.
After production control
After the production, the final product is tested and
compared with the requirements of the customer.
The final minute is written and the documentation
is finished.
34
In order to guarantee that the static theoretic valu-
es are conform to the reality pipes are continuously
taken out of the production and they are tested with
the help of a ring stiffness test according to DIN
16961 or ISO 9969.
The quality assurance demands a great know-how
and therefore the Krah AG has created a Quality
handbook in which all the important tests including
the necessary machines are described. In order to
give the customer an impression of the quality con-
trol it is possible to have a look into the handbook.
Marking
Depending on the used pipe standard, the marking
can be different. A minimum marking is: The pipes
shall be marked at intervals of maximum 2 m, at
least once per pipe. Number of the standard, dia-
meter series DN/ID, manufacturer name, Stiffness
Class (or Profile no.), Ring Flexibility (RF30), Ma-
terial code.
Quality certificates
In general the whole production is constantly super-
vised by a third party inspection. The quality control
exceeds by far the ISO 9000 certifications because
in our case the quality of the final product is tested.
As result we are in the position to issue quality certi-
ficates for every delivery of pipes from the most sim-
ple quality certificate 2.2 to the first class certificate
3.1b according to EN 10204.
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The advantages at a glance

Durability
Low investment costs and a service life over 100 years re-
duce the operating costs.

Time Saving
Up to 30% savings when laying the light and flexible pipes
with lengths of 6 m.

Maintenance
The smooth inner surface reduces the maintenance and
cleaning costs considerably.

Hydraulics
Due to the very good hydraulic properties, smaller pipe
diameters can be used compared to current traditional
pipe materials.

Tightness
100% tight joints: No infiltration or exfiltration, no root pe-
netration due to welded system.

Lengths
The standard lengths of 6 m reduces the amount of joints.

Integrated E-fusion
Every pipe can have an integrated electro fusion.

Temperature resistance
Due to the machining the application of the pipes range
from -40°C to +80°C.

Environmental friendly
All materials can easily be recycled and lead back into the
production cycle.

Flexibility
The pipes are secure against fracture, even in case of earth
movement

Easy handling
Due to the low weight and the quick assembly, the pipes
are very easy to handle.
The materials of Krah pipes have been used for preparation of this catalogue.

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PVC pipes and fittings

for a drainage system

Technical description
Instalplast-KHV offers PP internal drainage system
intended for internal drainage installation in the area
of houses and apartment blocks construction as well
as in cottages, offices, hospitals, laboratories, indu-
strial establishments and in agriculture. Owing to bio-
logical neutrality of the material of which all drainage
elements are made, the system is recommended for
the use in food industry. Pipes and fittings are made
of granular polypropylene of grey or white colour, the
quality of which is confirmed by ISO 9001:2000 quali-
ty system, introduced at the enterprise.

System description
- resistance to constant high temperature drains
up to 95°C (sometimes 100°C);
- chemical resistance to various aggressive joints
and substances that can be found both in utility
and industrial drains;
- wear resistance, ideal hydraulic properties;
- joints hermiticity, which is ensured by factory mo-
unted double lip seals with clamping ring;
- small pipes and fittings weight that facilitates
transportation and speeds up installation.

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PVC internal drainage pipes dimensions

śInternal Loose end

Nominal Wall thickness Flared end length
diameter of length
diameter DN
[mm] flared end ds
min [mm] e e2 min e3 min A min C min L1 min
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

PVC drainage pipe range

Nominal Wall amount
M
diameter DN hickness е L [mm] Colour
[kg/m]
[mm] [mm] package pallet
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
grey (white)
grey (white)
grey (white)
grey (white)
grey (white)
grey (white)

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PVC pipes and fittings for a drainage system

nominal Wall amount
M L
diameter thickness е colour
[kg/m] [mm]
DN [mm] [mm] package pallet

szary
szary
szary
szary
szary
szary
szary
szary

Bend
DN [mm] a L1 [mm] L2 [mm]

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T-bend 45 ˚

T-bend 67 ˚ 30 ́

T-bend 87 ˚ 30 ́
]

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One-dimension cross 67 ˚
Size DN [mm] DN1 [mm] L1 [mm] L2 [mm] L3 [mm]

Two-dimension cross 67 ˚
Size DN [mm] DN1 [mm] L1 [mm] L2 [mm] L3 [mm]

Inspection, cleaning
DN [mm] DN1 [mm] L1 [mm] L2 [mm]

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Pipe plug

Pipe reduction

Pipe unit

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Unit with restriction

DN [mm] L1 [mm]

PVC pipe holder

DN [mm] kolor
szary

szary

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PVC pipes and fittings for

external drainage system
Technical description

- SN2, S25 light type pipes

- SN4, S20 medium type pipe
- SN8, S16,7 heavy type pipes
- SN4 and SN8 prolonged flared end pipes

– Pipes and fittings are made of a substance consisting of

suspension PVC, stabilizers, colouring agents, fillers.
– For pipes and fittings joining elastic sealants, which are
factory mounted in flared ends, are applied.
– PVC pipes and fittings are intended for construction of sani-
tary, drain, industrial and other drainage systems.
– Pipes with prolonged flared end are used, in particular, on
the territory of mining, in road construction, etc.

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PVC drainage pipes dimensions

Minimum Flared end length Installed length
Minimum internal diameter
size T [mm] t [mm] М [mm] М [mm]
of flared
DN [mm] standard flared prolonged normal prolonged
end DN [mm]
end flared end flared end flared end

SN2, S25 PVC drainage pipes

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
L [mm]
DN [mm] е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg]

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SN2, S25 PVC drainage pipes

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
L [mm]
DN [mm] е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg]

SN4, S20 PVC drainage pipes

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
DN [mm] е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg] L [mm]

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SN8, S16, 7 PVC drainage pipes

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
DN [mm] L [mm]
е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg]

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PVC fittings for external drainage system

Bend

87°30' 211 244 160

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T-bend 45 ˚

Inspection junction

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T-bend 87 ˚ 30 ́

Eccentric reduction

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Pipe unit

Unit with restriction

Pipe plug

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Pipes PE HD 80 and PE HD 100

for gas networks

Technical description
Instalplast-KHV produces:
- pipes and fittings for gas supply networks. High-
density polyethylene PE HD, class PE 80 and PE
100, is used as a raw material for gas pipes pro-
duction.

Pipe sections can be joined as follows:

- Butt pipe welding;
- Welding using electrically-operated clutches.

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PE HD 80 gas pipes
PE HD 80
External diameter SDR 17,6 SDR 11
dn [mm]
Wall thickness е Weight Wall thickness е Weight
[mm] 1 r.m. [kg] [mm] 1 r.m. [kg]

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PVC pipes and

fittings for water-
supply systems
Technical description
Instalplast-KHV produces:
- pressure pipes with flared end for water supply
networks
- pressure pipes with prolonged flared end intended for
water supply networks on mining territories
- pressure fittings for water supply networks

– Pipes and fittings are made of a substance consisting

of suspension PVC, stabilizers, colouring agents, fillers.
- Pipes and fittings intended for water supply networks
construction for potable water, waste stacks and other
fluids
– Pipes with prolonged flared end are used, in
particular, on the territory of mining
– For pipes and fittings joining elastic sealants, which
are factory mounted in flared ends, are applied

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PVC pressure pipes dimensions

Minimum Flared end length Installed length
Nominal
internal
diameter of
diameter Size
flared end Т normal t [mm] M [mm] m [mm]
of flared end L [mm]
DN flared end prolonged normal flared prolonged
DN
[mm] flared end end flared end
1 [mm]

PN6,0 SDR41 PVC pressure pipe

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
DN [mm] е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg]

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PN10 SDR26 PVC pressure pipe

normal diameter wall thickness Weight
DN [mm] е [mm] 1 r.m.[kg]

PVC double flared end unit

DN [mm] L [mm] z [mm] Mass [kg]

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PVC single flared end branch pipe

Turning radius r
DN [mm] [mm] L[mm] Zd[mm] Mass [kg]

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PVC ENPL pipe tap (with free flange)

Nominal diameter
DN1 [mm] L [mm] Mass [kg]
DN [mm]

PVC FNP pipe tap (with free steel flange)

Nominal diameter
DN1 [mm] L [mm] Mass [kg]
DN [mm]

ANPL PVC T-bend (with internal thread)

Nominal diameter
DN1 [mm] L [mm] Z [mm Z1 [mm] Mass [kg]
DN [mm]

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ANP PVC T-bend (with free steel fold)

Nominal diameter
DN1 [mm] L [mm] Z [mm Z1 [mm] Mass [kg]
DN [mm]

PVC flared end T-bend

Nominal diameter
DN1 [mm] L [mm] Z [mm Z1 [mm] Mass [kg]
DN [mm]

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PE HD 80 pipes for water-supply

and pressure drainage system.
PE mechanical joints
for water pipes

Technical description

Instalplast-KHV produces:
- PE HD 80 pipes and segmental fittings are intended for
the construction of water-supply networks, drainage systems
and for aggressive fluids transportation.

Depending on the diameter and purpose, pipe sections may

be joined in the following way:
- Butt pipe welding;
- Welding using electrically-operated clutches;
- Using clamp fittings;
- Mechanical joints are used for water-supply systems jo-
ining;
- Mechanical joints are made of high-quality polyethylene.

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PE HD 80 pressure pipes
External SDR 21 PN6 SDR 17 PN6
diameter
Wall thickness Weight 1 r. m. Wall thickness Weight 1 r. m.
DN [mm]
e [mm] [kg] e [mm] [kg]

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PE HD 80 pressure pipes
xternal ESDR13.6 PN 10 ESDR11 PN 12.5
diameter
DN Wall thickness е Weight 1 r.m. Wall thickness е Weight 1 r.m.
[mm] [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg]

PE mechanical joints for water pipes

Joint unit bend T-bend pipe plug
Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm

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PE mechanical joints for water pipes

Transition unit Transition T-bend Unit RZ Unit RV
Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm

Bend RV Bend RZ Pipe T-bend RV Pipe T-bend RZ

Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm Diameter, mm

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PVC rainware system

Technical description
Instalplast-KHV produces semicircular section dra-
inage system.

Rainware system consists of a spout, drain pipe

and respectively selected fittings. Joints with facto-
ry-mounted double lips seals serve for joining the
spout. The spout, drain pipes and fittings are made
of substances, which consist of:
- PVC;
- stabilizers;
- UV rays resistant colouring agents;
modifiers.

Rainware system is made in two colours:

brown and white

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Spout
A B C D E brown white

Spout jointing bracket

A brown white

Rainwater head:
A B C brown white

External plug (left, right)

A brown white

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Spout external angle 90 ˚

A B brown white

Spout internal angle 90 ˚

A B brown white

Spout bracket
A B C brown white

Spout metallic holder

A B C brown white

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Drain pipe
A brown white

Bend 60
A B brown white

Unit
A B brown white

Pipe holder
A brown white

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PVC drain pipes

Drain pipes produced by Instalplast-KHV
Amount Size
Name Materiał Colour Weight 1 r.m. Weight of 1 coil
in 1 coil of 1 coil
Drain
pipe PVC Yellow 50 m 0,113 kg 5,65 kg 0,358 kg
50 mm
Drain
pipe PVC Yellow 50 m 0,270 kg 13,5 kg 0,540 kg
80 mm
Drain
pipe PVC Yellow 50 m 0,360 kg 18 kg 0,860 kg
100 mm

Drain pipes produced by the Private Enterprise Instalplast-KHV are used in construction branch to reduce soil
moisture and for water outflow. Corrugated drain pipes are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on modern foreign
equipment of the companies “Zinzinnati” and “Unicore” using the method of extrusion.

Owing to corrugated wall, pipe resistance to stress is increased. PVC drain pipes have yellow colour with the dia-
meter of 50 mm, 110 mm and are packed in coils 50 meters each. Also, Private Enterprise Instalplast-KHV offers
a full range of fittings used for joining drain systems.

Of particular importance of corrugated PVC pipes is their light weight which makes it cheaper and faster to trans-
port and lay pipes.

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PVC pipes for threaded wells

PVC well casing pipes are intended for construction of water wells as
well as production wells for transportation of solutions to which PVC
material is chemically resistant.
PVC well casing pipes use is determined by modern requirements to the
quality of potable water. Wells drilling using PVC pipes allows avoiding
ground-water contamination and increases drilling speed owing to the
decreased diameter in comparison to ordinary steel pipes. Well casing
pipes diameter: 125 mm and 140 mm.

Advantages of PVC well casing pipes:

• Working service more than 50 years

• Corrosion resistance
• Chemical resistance
• Light weight combined with high mechanical resistance
• Sanitary
• Absolute hermiticity and reliability of screw joint
• Low installation cost

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Garden hose
Garden hose is a double-layer product made of food grade PVC-compound and partially reinforced with
nylon.
Garden hoses have the following sizes: 5/8”, 3/4” , 1” .
The area of application of garden hoses is quite wide. The most widespread branch of use is the irrigation
system: gardens and kaleyards watering. They also may be used for water and water solutions transporta-
tion for food purposes, city lawns and plantations care and vehicles washing.

High quality of used materials and equipment

contribute to goods longevity and bruise resi-
stance. They are kink-resistant when bending,
stretching, twisting; resistant to chemical and at-
mospheric factors.
It is necessary to protect the goods from direct
sunlight and under heavy things for a long period
of time; protect from rodents, insects and some
substances. That will prevent from early wear of
the goods.

Rubber transitions
Size Amount in the
Colour
package
110/124 black 10

50/72 black 10

50/40 black 20

50/32 black 20

50/25 black 20

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Polymeric pipes resistance to aggressive environments

Environment Concentration

Acetic acid
СН3СООН (water solution)

Ammonium sulfate
Saturated
-
AINH4(SO4) x2H2O

Ammonium hydroxide
NH4OH
- - -
Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Saturated

Ammonium phosphate All

(monobasic) NH4H2PO4

Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 Saturated

Borax Na3B4O7x10H2O Saturated 71

Calcium carbonate СaCO3 Saturated -
Calcium chloride CaCl2 - - - -
Saturated

Calcium hypochlorite 71
Сa(OCI)2
Saturated - - - -
СuSo4x5H2O Saturated

Clorine gas
(humidity)

>
Chlorine solution Liquid

Chlorinated water -
Saturated -
Washing meansа - -
Ferric sulphate FeSO4 - 71
Hydrochloric acid HCI - - - -

- - - -

Concentration - - - -
Hypochloric acid

HOCI - - - -

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Environment Concentration

Hydrogen nitrate HNO3 - - - -

- - - -

- - - -

Oils - -
Phosphorus acid H3PO4 -
-

- - - -
Potassium hypermanganate -
KmnO4
-
Soap -
Sodium hydrocarbonate
NaHCO3
-
Sodium carbonate -
Na2CO3
Sodium chloride NaCl -
Sodium hypochlorite -
NaOClx5H2O
Sulphur S - -
Sulfuric acid H2SO4

Urea - -

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Environment Concentration

Urine - 71
Deionized water Н2О - 71
Distilled water Н2О - 71
Potable water Н2О - 71
Salty water Н2О - 71
Sea water Н2О - 71
Soft water Н2О - 71
Zinc sulfate - 71

Symbol
Code Significance Typical indices

Plastic is resistive to the indicated Blowing <3%, mass loss <0,5%, strain
temperature, ºC coefficient elongation at failure without
sufficient changes.

Plastic is resistive to the indicated Blowing <3%, mass loss <0,5%, strain
temperature, ºC, however, it may coefficient elongation at failure without
have lesser resistance under higher sufficient changes; less resistance under
temperatures higher temperatures.

Plastic is basically resistive to the Blowing 3-8%, mass loss 0,5-5%, and/or strain
indicated temperature, ºC, and may be coefficient elongation at failure decreases not
suitable under certain conditions more than 50%.

Plastic is irresistive. Blowing <8%, mass loss <5%, and/or strain

coefficient elongation at failure exceeds 50%.

- No information available.

Notes
1. Chemicals, which usually have no influence on plastic properties without loading, may bring about totally
different behavior (e.g. stress cracks) under mechanical or thermal stress (such as constant internal pres-
sure or cyclic thermal loading or stress). Information relating to chemical stability in unstressed condition
cannot be used when plastic pipe is exposed to constant or cyclic mechanical or thermal stresses.

2. If a plastic pipe is exposed to mechanical or thermal stress or several chemical agents, it is necessary to
conduct extended study of pipes in conditions maximally close to natural.

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