Creep Testing

Outlines
➢ Intro (Muhammad Sa’eed)

➢ Mechanism (Hassan Tarek) ➢ Results (Amir Mos’ad)

➢ Specimen (Muhammad Sayed)
➢ Machine (Muhammad Zaki)
➢ Procedures (Najeh Fayez)
➢ Effect of temperature (Islam M. Reda)
➢ Rupture strength (Muhammad Ali)
➢ Precautions (Mahmoud Mukhtar)

➢ Apps (Muhammad Mostafa)

introduction
MECHANISMS OF CREEP
Testing
MECHANISMS OF CREEP Testing
➢ MECHANISMS OF CREEP

a) Dislocation climb
b) Vacancy Diffusion
c) Grain boundary sliding
MECHANISMS OF CREEP Testing Cont…
➢ Dislocation movement
MECHANISMS OF CREEP Testing Cont…

➢ Vacancy Diffusion
MECHANISMS OF CREEP Testing Cont…
➢ Grain boundary sliding
Specimen Preparation For
Creep Test
Specimen Preparation For Creep Test
➢ Specimen Preparation For Creep Test

• Specimen materials ( ferrous – non ferrous)

• Specimen shape :
1. Round cross – section specimen.
2. Sheet or plate specimen.
Specimen Preparation For Creep Test Cont…

1. Round cross – section specimen.

 threaded ends
 shouldered ends

2. Sheet or plate specimen

Specimen Preparation For Creep Test Cont…

• The gage length of a specimen should be uniform.

• Specimens should be smooth and free from scratches or

other stress raisers and should be machined to minimize
cold working or surface distortion.

• the stress or the load required to provide a certain stress,

the smallest original cross-sectional area should be used.
Machine
Machine

1- creep testing machine

Machine Cont…

2- parts of machine
Procedure
Procedure
➢ Carrying out the creep test
1. Preparation of the creep specimen
2. Erection of the specimen in the machine
3. Heating to the test temperature (~ 4 hours)
Procedure Cont…
➢ Carrying out the creep test
4. Starting the test
5. Following up the test up to fracture
6. Ending the test
• starting data acquisition
• loading the specimen

** The test temperature should be constant and non-switch off of the electric current should be insured.
Results
Results
➢ Stopping the tensile test in the elastic region!
Results Cont…
But Now! A Creep Curve
Results Cont…
➢ Stages of creep curve
Results Cont…
➢ Creep Rate Curve
Temperature
Temperature
➢ Temperature Effect on Creep Test
 The temperature at which a material starts to creep depends on
its melting point.

 It is found that creep in metals starts when the temperature > 0.3 - 0.4 Tm
(the melting temperature in Kelvin)

 Most metals have high melting points and hence they start to creep only at
temperatures much higher than room temperature.
Temperature Cont…
Temperature Cont…
Temperature Cont…
➢ Temperature Effect on Creep Test

 Creep of carbon steels is important at temperatures above 500 C

(Tm=1810 K)

 Aluminum starts to creep above 100 C (Tm=933 K)

 Lead is a low melting metal (Tm = 600 K) it creeps even at

room temperature.
Temperature Cont…
➢ Effect of the stress & temperature on the creep-curve

Effect of the stress Effect of the temperature

Rupture strength
Rupture strength
➢ Creep and Creep-Rupture Testing
Creep tests:
 measure the amount of creep
strain as a function of time.

Creep-rupture tests:
 measure the time to fracture for a
given temperature and stress levels.
Rupture strength Cont…
Rupture strength Cont…
Rupture strength Cont…
➢ Larson-Miller parameter

• The Larson–Miller parameter is a means of predicting the lifetime of

material vs. time and temperature.

• The value of the parameter is usually expressed as

LMP = T(C + log t)
• where C is a material specific constant, often approximated as 20, t is
the time in hours, and T is the temperature in kelvins.
Rupture strength Cont…
➢ Larson-Miller parameter
Precautions
Precautions
➢ Technical
1. temperatures : {-.+2%}
higher than R.T
creep start (0.3 – 0.4)T.m
Thermostatic furnance

Examples
carbon steels: above 500 C (Tm=1810 K)
Aluminum : above 100 C (Tm=933 K)
Lead : low melting metal .. R.T(Tm = 600 K)
Precautions Cont…
➢ Technical
2. Load :-
• constant
• uniaxial Load
• Applied smoothly and gently… (shock/failure) specimen
3. Free from vibration
4. Measuring devices must be very sensitive
5. Humidity : { -.+ 5%}
Precautions Cont…
➢ Safety
Creep applications in industry
Creep applications in industry

 Displacement-limited applications
 Rupture-limted applications
 Stress-relaxation limited applications
Creep applications in industry Cont…
➢Displacement-limited applications
Displacement-limited applications in which
precise dimensions or small clearances must be
maintained such as in:
*Turbine rotors in jet engines
*Steam turbines.
Creep applications in industry Cont…
➢Rupture-limited applications
Rupture-limited applications in which precise dimensions are
not essential but fracture must be
avoided such as in:
*High-pressure steam tubes and pipes
*Pressure vessel
Creep applications in industry Cont…
➢Stress-relaxation-limited applications
Stress-relaxation-limited applications in which an initial
tension relaxes with time such as in:
*Suspended cables
*Tightened bolts