Misr University for Science and Technology

Faculty of Engineering ME 211 T

Mechanical Eng. Dept. Sheet 3 Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics; Closed System

1- Nitrogen is compressed in a reversible polytropic process in a cylinder from

150 kPa, 20 oC to 450 kPa. During the compression process the relation
between pressure and volume is PV1.3 = constant. Calculate the work,
change in internal energy and heat transfer per kilogram and show this
process on P-v

2- A piston–cylinder device contains steam initially at 1 MPa, 450 0C, and 2.5
m3. Steam is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it first starts
condensing. Show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation
lines and determine (a) the mass of the steam, (b) the final temperature, and
(c) the amount of heat transfer.

3- An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of

saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 175
kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current
of 8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor placed in the
water. If one-half of the liquid is evaporated during this
constant-pressure process and the paddle-wheel work
amounts to 400 kJ, determine the voltage of the source.
Also, show the process on a P-v diagram with respect
to saturation lines.
 Misr University for Science and Technology
Faculty of Engineering ME 211 T
Mechanical Eng. Dept. Sheet 3 Thermodynamics

4- A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m3 of saturated water vapor

at 250 kPa. At this state, the piston is resting on a set of stops, and the mass
of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it. Heat
is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume doubles. Show the
process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine (a)
the final temperature, (b) the work done during this process, and (c) the
total heat transfer.

5- A radiator of a steam heating system has a volume

of 25 Litter. At a time when this radiator is filled
with saturated vapor steam at 225 kPa, both valves
to the radiator are closed. How much heat will
have been transferred to the room when the steam
pressure in the radiator has dropped to 100 kPa.
Show this process on P-V diagram.

A 4-m x 5-m x 7-m room is heated by the radiator of a steam-heating

system. The steam radiator transfers heat and a 100-W fan is used to
distribute the warm air in the room. The rate of heat loss from the room is
estimated to be about 5000 kJ/h. If the initial temperature of the room air is
10 0C, determine how long it will take for the air temperature to rise to 20
0
C. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
 Misr University for Science and Technology
Faculty of Engineering ME 211 T
Mechanical Eng. Dept. Sheet 3 Thermodynamics

6- Steam at 75 kPa and 8 percent quality is contained in a spring-

loaded piston–cylinder device, as shown in Fig, with an initial
volume of 2 m3. Steam is now heated until its volume is 5 m3
and its pressure is 225 kPa. Determine the heat transferred to
and the work produced by the steam during this process.

7- Argon is compressed in a polytropic process with n = 1.2 from 120 kPa and
10 0C to 800 kPa in a piston–cylinder device. Determine the work produced
and heat transferred during this compression process, in kJ/kg.

8- A mass of 15 kg of air in a piston–cylinder device is

heated from 25 to 77 0C by passing current through a
resistance heater inside the cylinder. The pressure inside
the cylinder is held constant at 300 kPa during the
process, and a heat loss of 60 kJ occurs. Determine the
electric energy supplied, in kWh.
 Misr University for Science and Technology
Faculty of Engineering ME 211 T
Mechanical Eng. Dept. Sheet 3 Thermodynamics

9- Air is contained in a cylinder device fitted with a piston-cylinder. The

piston initially rests on a set of stops, and a pressure of 200 kPa is
required to move the piston. Initially, the air is at 100 kPa and 230C and
occupies a volume of 0.25 m3. Determine the amount of heat transferred
to the air, in kJ, while increasing the temperature to 700 K. Assume air
has constant specific heats evaluated at 300 K.

10- A vessel having a volume of 6 m3 contains 0.1 m3 of saturated liquid

water and 5.9 m3 of saturated water vapor at 0.1 MPa. Heat is transferred
until the vessel is filled with saturated vapor. Determine the heat transfer
for this process. Show this process on P-v and T.v diagrams.