Spanish Town High School

Human and Social Biology

March 17, 2020
Topic: The Reproductive System
Subtopic: Contraception, Abortion & Family Planning
Objectives:
1. Explain how birth control methods prevent pregnancy
2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of birth control methods
3. Discuss issues relating to abortion include spontaneous abortions (miscarriages);
advantages and disadvantages of abortion
4. Explain the importance of family planning

Contraception and contraceptive methods can be used to prevent pregnancy.

There are four main contraceptive methods:
Natural method egs: Withdrawal, Rhythm, Abstinence
Artificial methods
BARRIER: egs. condoms, Intra-uterine contraceptive device , diaphragms
Hormonal: pill, the hormonal patches, spermicides, injections
Sterilization: tubal ligation, vasectomy

Explain each term using your textbooks or internet sources

 ABORTION
Abortions can be used as a means of birth control. Abortion is a procedure to that
can be used to terminate a pregnancy. It may be done by suction or scraping the
sides of the uterus.
Spontaneous abortions (also called miscarriages) frequently occurs and is a natural
way of preventing pregnancy.
When do you think abortion is justifiable? What are some issues surrounding
abortions?
Fertility is ability to produce off springs. Infertile men and women are unable to
produce babies.
What is family Planning?
Family Planning means controlling the number and timing of the births in the
family. This is done by various methods of Birth Control.
Reasons for family Planning: Parents may decide to space and control the number
of births because:
1. More time for care and education can be given to each child
2. It is less expensive to have a small family
3. Parents may wish to have a career before they decide to have a family
4. Or they may not want children in later years
Cancer of the Reproductive Organs
Cancer is the abnormal uncontrolled division cells. Such cells form a lump
(tumour).
1. Breast Cancer- may be detected by hand pressure to detect the lumps in the
breast. Mammograms (X-RAY) can also be taken of the breast for
diagnosis. Surgical removal or Radiation therapy can be used to destroy the
tumour.
2. Cervical Cancer- Cervical Cancer may be detected by cervical smears.
Cervical Cancer is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) that is
sexually transmitted.
3. Ovarian Cancer – symptoms: pain in the abdomen and lower back. It is
common in women over 55. Activities that reduce ovulation example:
contraceptive pills makes the disease like to occur.
4. Prostate Cancer- the enlarged tumour blocks the urethra causes frequent but
slow urination with a weak flow. Removal of Prostate can cause sexual
problems.