St.

Scholastica’s College of Tacloban

Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Campetic Palo, Leyte
1st SEMESTER A.Y. 2023-2024

NURSING CARE FOR THE FAMILY IN NEED OF REPRODUCTIVE LIFE PLANNING

NCM 107 Maternal and Child Nursing

PART 1
1. This includes all the decisions an individual or couple makes about whether and when to have children, how many children to
have, and how they are spaced.
2. A method or a device used to halt conception or prevent pregnancy.
3. Enumerate the different standards for ideal contraceptives.
4. Before a patient begins using a new method of contraception, information that should be obtained includes?
5. What is a Pap smear?
6. What is natural family planning?
7. Enumerate the different Natural Family Planning methods.
8. Another term for natural family planning.
9. The method of refraining from sexual relations is also the most effective way to prevent STI’s.
10. A method to avoid pregnancy by doing sex on the days a woman may conceive.
11.This contraceptive method is anchored on women breastfeeding.
12.What is coitus interruptus?
13.What is postcoital douching?
14.This method relies on detecting when a woman will be capable of impregnation (fertile) so she can use periods of abstinence
during that time.
15.Fertile periods exist from days ____ to ___.
16.Enumerate examples of Fertility Awareness Methods.
17.This fertility awareness method is aka Temperature method, this helps you predict when you’re going to ovulate by tracking
the changes in your body temperature.
18.A method to predict ovulation via using the changes in cervical mucus that occur naturally with ovulation.
19.Sperm cells averagely survive for how many days in the vagina?
20.A woman assesses for vaginal secretions daily. If she feels secretions for 2 days in a row, she avoids coitus that day and the
day following as the presence of secretions suggests fertility.
21.A contraceptive method that combines the cervical mucus and BBT methods.
22.What is the meaning of Mittelschmerz?
23.This method is designed for women who have menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days.
24.Another method to predict ovulation is by the use of an over-the-counter ovulation detection kit. These kits detect the midcycle
surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that can be detected in urine 12 to 24 hours before ovulation.
25.What are barrier methods of contraception?
26.Enumerate the different barrier methods of contraception.
27.An agent that causes the death of spermatozoa before they can enter the cervix. It is a chemical barrier method and is often
used in combination with other physical barrier methods.
28.A latex rubber or synthetic sheath that is placed over the erect penis before coitus to trap sperm.
29.A circular rubber disk that is placed over the cervix before intercourse to mechanically halt the passage of sperm.
30.Made of soft rubber shaped like a thimble, which fits snugly over the uterine cervix.
31.What is a hormonal contraceptive?
32.Enumerate different types of hormonal contraceptives.
33.Enumerate popular COCs prescribed in the United States.
34.Women can set a start date for a cycle of pills in one of four ways, and enumerate them.
35.Refers to patches that slowly but continuously release a combination of estrogen and progesterone. Patches are applied each
week for 3 weeks. No patch is applied in the fourth week. During the week on which the woman is patch-free, a menstrual
flow will occur.
36.A progesterone given every 12 weeks via intramuscular, inhibits ovulation, alters the endometrium, and thickens the cervical
mucus so sperm progress is difficult.
37.A small plastic device that is inserted into the uterus through the vagina.
38.Four common types of IUD in US.
39.Surgical methods of reproductive life planning, often called?
40.Surgical procedure to cut or seal the tubes that carry a man’s sperm to permanently prevent pregnancy.
41.A surgical method of birth control which often referred to as “getting your tube tied” permanently preventing pregnancy.
42.A procedure performed by a knowledgeable healthcare provider to end a pregnancy before fetal viability. Such procedures are
also referred to as therapeutic, medical, or induced abortions.
43.A medically induced termination, which is a progesterone antagonist that blocks the effect of progesterone, preventing
implantation of the fertilized ovum and therefore causing the pregnancy to be lost.

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44.This drug is also used to end ectopic pregnancies or trophoblastic disease which interferes with the DNA synthesis of dividing
cell and so prevents the growth of the zygote.

ANSWER KEY
1. Reproductive Life Planning
2. Contraceptive
3. An ideal contraceptive should be:
 Safe
 Effective
 Compatible with spiritual and cultural beliefs and personal preferences of both the user and sexual partner.
 No side effects
 Convenient easily obtainable
 Affordable and easy to use
4. Information that should be obtained:
 Vital signs
 Pap smear
 Pregnancy test
 Gonococcal and Chlamydial screening
 Obstetrics history (STI’s, past pregnancies, abortions, failure of other contraceptive methods)
 Sexual practices (number of partners, frequency)
5. Aka Pap test a procedure to test for cervical cancer in women. Involves collecting cells from your cervix.
6. Methods that involve no introduction of chemical or foreign material into the body.
 Involves no expense
 Do not introduce foreign substances into the body
 No risk to a fetus should they become pregnant
 Depending mainly on the couple’s ability to refrain from having sexual relations on fertile days or days in which a woman
is most likely to become pregnant.
7. Natural Family Planning includes:
 Abstinence
 Lactation Abstinence Method (LAM)
 Coitus Interruptus (withdrawal)
 Postcoital Douching
 Fertility Awareness Method
8. Aka Periodic Abstinence Methods
9. Abstinence
10. Periodic abstinence
11.Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
 “Lactation” refers to breastfeeding & “Amenorrhea” means not having a period.
 When a woman is breastfeeding, there is a natural suppression of both ovulation and menses.
 You can’t get pregnant if you don’t ovulate! No ovulation means you won’t have your menstruation, either!
An infant is:
 Under 6 months old
 Being breastfed at least every 4 hours during the day and every 6 hours at night.
 Receives no supplementary feedings
 Menses has not returned
 After 6 months, or if the infant begins to receive supplemental feedings or isn’t sucking well, the use of LAM as an
effective birth control method becomes questionable and the woman probably should be advised to choose another method
of contraception.
 A woman should also consider a different method of contraception once her baby begins sleeping through the night, even
if this occurs before the child reaches 6 months of age.
12.One of the oldest known methods of contraception. Involves removing the penis before ejaculation.
 Unfortunately, ejaculation may occur before withdrawal is complete and, despite the caution used, some spermatozoa may
be deposited in the vagina.
 Furthermore, because there may be a few spermatozoa present in the pre-ejaculation fluid, fertilization may occur even if
withdrawal seems controlled.
13. Involves washing the vagina by spraying a cleaning solution into the vagina after intercourse.
 Douche means to wash or soak. Douching is washing or cleaning out the inside of the vagina with water or other mixtures
of fluids.

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  Motives for douching are many: to cleanse the vagina after menses or before or after sexual intercourse, to prevent or
ameliorate an odor, to prevent or treat vaginal symptoms such as itching and discharge, and, less commonly, to prevent
pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.
 Ineffective as sperm may be present in cervical mucus as quickly as 90 seconds after ejaculation, long before douching
could be accomplished.
14. Fertility awareness methods
15.5 days before ovulation to 1 day after
16.Fertility Awareness Methods include:
 Calendar (Rhythm) Method
 Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method
 Cervical Mucus Method (Billing’s Method)
 Two-day method
 Standard Days Method: CycleBeads
 Ovulation Detection
17. Basal Body Temperature method
 BBT is your temperature when you’re fully at rest. During ovulation, this may cause a slight increase in basal body
temperature.
 As soon as a woman notices a slight dip in temperature followed by an increase, she knows she has ovulated. She refrains
from having coitus (sexual relations) for the next 3 days (the possible life of the discharged ovum).
 Because sperm can survive from 3 to 5 days and rarely as many as 7 days in the female reproductive tract, it is usually
recommended that the couple combine this method with a calendar method, so they abstain for a few days before
ovulation as well.
18.Cervical Mucus Method aka Billing’s Method
19.3-5 days
20.Two-day Method
21.Symptothermal Method
 The woman takes her temperature daily, watching for the rise in temperature that marks ovulation. She also analyzes her
cervical mucus every day and observes for other signs of ovulation such as mittelschmerz (midcycle abdominal pain) or if
her cervix feels softer than usual.
 The couple then abstains from intercourse until 3 days after the rise in temperature or the fourth day after the peak of
mucus change.
22.Mittelschmerz is an abdominal pain occurring between the menstrual periods and usually associated with ovulation.
 German for “middle pain” colloquial term for “ovulation pain” or “midcycle pain”
23.Standard Days Method: CycleBeads

 The first bead on the ring is red and marks the first day of her menstrual flow
 Followed by six brown beads which indicate “safe” days.
 Twelve glow-in-the-dark white beads, which mark fertile days (during which she needs to abstain from coitus),
 13 additional brown “safe” days follow.
 If she reaches a dark brown bead (appears on the 27th day) before she begins her next menses, her cycle is too short for
the method to be reliable.
 If she reaches the end of the string of beads (32 days) before menses, she knows her cycle is too long for the method to
be reliable.
24.Ovulation detection
25.Forms of birth control that place a chemical or latex barrier that blocks or prevent sperm from entering the woman’s uterus.
26.Barrier Methods of Contraception include:
 Spermicide
 Male and Female Condoms
 Diaphragm
 Cervical caps
27.Spermicide
 Increases vaginal pH level to a strong acid level, a condition not conducive to sperm survival.
 Use 1 hour before coitus
 They increase the other method’s effectiveness
 Wait 6 hours before the removal of spermicide to ensure its effectiveness.
 Not to be used on women who have acute cervicitis due to increase irritation of the cervix.

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28.Male Condom
 One of the few “male-responsibility” birth control measures
 No prescription is needed for usage
 Recommended for partners not practicing monogamy
 Do not necessarily protect from skin-to-skin contact diseases such as HPV, syphilis, or genital herpes, but they do
prevent the spread of STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
29. Diaphragm (until 24 hours only)
30. Cervical Caps
 The precautions for use are the same as for diaphragm use except caps can be kept in place longer (up to 48 hours)
because they do not put pressure on the vaginal walls or urethra.
31. Hormones that when taken orally, transdermally, intravaginally, or intramuscularly, cause such fluctuations in a normal
menstrual cycle that ovulation or sperm transport does not occur. Birth control methods that act on the Endocrine system
32. Hormonal Contraceptives include:
 Oral Contraceptives commonly called Pills
 OCs for Oral Contraceptive
 COCs for combination oral contraceptives composed of varying amounts of natural estrogen (estradiol) and
combined with a small amount of synthetic progesterone (progestin)
 Progestin-only Pills aka Mini-pills
33. Here are some COCs:
 Monophasic pills contain a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin throughout a 21-day cycle
 Biphasic delivers a constant amount of estrogen throughout the cycle but varying amounts of progestin.
 Triphasic & Tetraphasic vary in both estrogen and progestin content throughout the cycle.
 Typical pills are supplied in 28-pill dispensers (21 active pills and 7 placebo pills) labeled with the day of the cycle they
should be taken. Newer forms designed to eliminate menses are supplied in 84-day dispensers.
34. Examples:
 Sunday start: Take the first pill on the first Sunday after the beginning of a menstrual flow.
 Quick start: Begin pills as soon as they are prescribed. Beginning pills immediately after a prescription is filled may
increase compliance, reducing unintended pregnancies.
 First-day start: Begin pills on the first day of menses.
 After childbirth, a woman should start the contraceptive on a day (or Sunday) closest to 2 weeks after birth; after elective
termination of pregnancy, she could begin on a chosen day or the first Sunday after the procedure
35. Transdermal contraception
36. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or Depo-Provera
37. Intrauterine Device (IUD)
 Can be either hormonal or nonhormonal
38. Here are some:
 Copper T380 (ParaGard): T-shaped plastic device wound with cooper. Effective for ten years, after which time it
should be removed and replaced with a new IUD.
 Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 52mg (Mirena or Liletta) IUD: which features a drug reservoir of
progesterone in the stem. The progesterone (levonorgestrel) in the drug reservoir gradually diffuses into the uterus
through the plastic; it both prevents endometrium proliferation and thickens cervical mucus.
 Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 13.5 mg (Skyla) IUD, which is manufactured by the same company as
Mirena, has a lower dose of progesterone in the stem. It works similarly to Mirena and is effective for 3 years. Women
are more likely to have unscheduled bleeding with Skyla than with Mirena.
 Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 19.5 mg (Kyleena) IUD, which is manufactured by the same company
as Mirena, has a lower dose of progesterone in the stem as compared to Mirena but higher than that of Skyla. It is
approved for 5 years and has a bleeding profile similar to Mirena. Women may choose this over Mirena due to the lower
dose of progesterone but the benefits of Mirena in terms of duration of use and lower rates of breakthrough bleeding.
39. Sterilization
40. Vasectomy
 Although the procedure is about 99.5% effective, spermatozoa, which were present in the vas deferens at the time of
surgery, can remain viable for as long as 6 months.
 Therefore, although the man can resume sexual intercourse within 1 week, an additional birth control method should be
used until two negative sperm reports at about 6 and 10 weeks have been obtained (proof all sperm in the vas deferens
have been eliminated, usually requiring 10 to 20 ejaculations).
41. Tubal sterilization or Tubal ligation
42. Elective Termination of Pregnancy
43. Mifepristone (RU-486 or Mifeprex) “morning after pill”
 When used for a medical termination of pregnancy, the compound is taken as a single oral dose any time before 63 days
gestational age followed by buccal or vaginal misoprostol (Cytotec) (a prostaglandin), which causes uterine contractions.
 Used to suppress ovulation as a method of birth control from France
 Usually combined with the drug misoprostol (ulcer)
44. Methotrexate

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