3.

4 Reproductive Health
Summary of different methods of contraception
 Contraction–the cessation of conception by methods.
- It is done by 1. Natural method and artificial method
- The natural methods involverhythmic and coitus interrupts.
- The artificial method includes barrier (physical) method andhormonal (chemical) methods.

Method Mode of action Effectiveness Side effects

1 Rhythmic method Confining sexual intercourse to the
Safe period to avoid conception low Tensions or uncertainty
2 Coitus interrupts Withdrawal of penis prior to ejaculation Low( semen may leak Tension
Before orgasm
3 Condom ( for male or female) Preventing sperm from entering vagina An efficient method if it is used none
correctly
4 Diaphragm( with spermicide) Prevent sperm from entering uterus ;spermicide An efficient method None( may be
de kills sperm Expensiveness or
unavailability
5 Pills Hormones prevent ovulation and charge the The most efficient Most evidence indicates
lining of the uterus and prevent growth of much safer
fertilized eggs Possible psychological effects
6 Intera Uterine Device Unknown but interfere with implantation Discomfort & sterility
(IUD) in some women

7 Sterilization Vasectomy- cutting vas deference( for males) The most effective Possible psychological effects
Tubctomy- cutting oviduct( for female) In some men & women
8 Abortion – suction dilation Removal of embryo by suction device Risky- hemorrhage and
- Saline Injection of salt solution to push the uterine Poisoning due to salt
( salt solution)