PERSONAL, COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENT

Family planning services are “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired
number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive
methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility.” Family planning may involve consideration of the
number of children a woman wishes to have, including the choice to have no children and the age at which
she wishes to have them. These matters are influenced by external factors such as marital situation, career
considerations, financial position, and any disabilities that may affect their ability to hav e children and raise
them. If sexually active, family planning may involve
the use of contraception and other techniques to
control the timing of reproduction.
Family planning has been of practice since the 16th
century by the people of Djenné in West Africa.
Physicians advised women to space their children,
having them every three years rather than too many
and too quickly. Other aspects of family planning
include sex education, prevention and management
of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception
counseling and management,
and infertility management. Family planning, as
defined by the United Nations and the World Health
Organization, encompasses services leading up to conception. Abortion is not a component of family
planning, although access to contraception and family planning reduces the need for abortion.
Family planning is sometimes used as a synonym or euphemism for access to and the use
of contraception. However, it often involves methods and practices in addition to contraception.
Additionally, many might wish to use contraception but are not necessarily, planning a family (e.g.,
unmarried adolescents, young married couples delaying childbearing while building a career). Family
planning has become a catch-all phrase for much of the work undertaken in this realm. However,
contemporary notions of family planning tend to place a woman and her childbearing decisions at the
center of the discussion, as notions of women's empowerment and reproductive autonomy have gained
traction in many parts of the world. It is usually applied to a  female-male couple who wish to limit the
number of children they have or control pregnancy timing (also known as spacing children)

Mechanisms of action and effectiveness of contraceptive methods

Method How it works Effectiveness: Effectiveness:
pregnancies per pregnancies per 100
100 women per women per year as
year with consistent commonly used
and correct use
Combined oral Prevents the release of eggs from the 0.3 7
contraceptives ovaries (ovulation)
(COCs) or “the
pill”
Progestogen- Thickens cervical mucous to block 0.3 7
only pills sperm and egg from meeting and
(POPs) or "the prevents ovulation
minipill"
Implants Thickens cervical mucous to blocks 0.1 0.1
sperm and egg from meeting and
prevents ovulation
Progestogen Thickens cervical mucous to block 0.2 4
only injectables sperm and egg from meeting and
prevents ovulation
Monthly Prevents the release of eggs from the 0.05 3
injectables or ovaries (ovulation)
combined
injectable
contraceptives
(CIC)
Combined Prevents the release of eggs from the 0.3 (for patch) 7 (for patch)
contraceptive ovaries (ovulation)    
patch and 0.3 (for vaginal ring) 7 (for contraceptive vaginal
combined ring)
contraceptive
vaginal ring
(CVR)
Intrauterine Copper component damages sperm 0.6 0.8
device (IUD): and prevents it from meeting the egg
copper
containing

Intrauterine Thickens cervical mucous to block 0.5 0.7

device (IUD) sperm and egg from meeting
levonorgestrel
Male condoms Forms a barrier to prevent sperm and 13
egg from meeting
Female Forms a barrier to prevent sperm and 5 21
condoms egg from meeting
Male Keeps sperm out of ejaculated 0.1 0.15
sterilization semen
(Vasectomy)
Female Eggs are blocked from meeting 0.5 0.5
sterilization sperm
(tubal ligation)
Lactational Prevents the release of eggs from the 0.9 (in six months) 2 (in six months)
amenorrhea ovaries (ovulation)
method (LAM)
Standard Days Prevents pregnancy by avoiding 5 12
Method or SDM unprotected vaginal sex during most
fertile days.
Basal Body Prevents pregnancy by avoiding Reliable
Temperature unprotected vaginal sex during fertile effectiveness rates
(BBT) Method days are not available

TwoDay Prevents pregnancy by avoiding 4 14

Method unprotected vaginal sex during most
fertile days,
Sympto- Prevents pregnancy by avoiding <1 2
thermal Method unprotected vaginal sex during most
fertile
Emergency Prevents or delays the release of < 1 for  ulipristal
contraception eggs from the ovaries. Pills taken to acetate ECPs
pills (ulipristal prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after  1 for progestin-only
acetate 30 mg unprotected sex ECPs
or 2 for combined
levonorgestrel estrogen and
1.5 mg) progestin ECPs
Calendar The couple prevents pregnancy by Reliable 15
method or avoiding unprotected vaginal sex effectiveness rates
rhythm method during the 1st and last estimated are not available
fertile days, by abstaining or using a
condom.
Withdrawal Tries to keep sperm out of the 4 20
(coitus woman's body, preventing fertilization
interruptus)

ACTIVITY:

General Instruction: This activity is a mature topic for a college student like you, make sure that you will properly
handle yourself as an interviewer and approach your interviewee with your best attitude. Do not forget to follow the
safety protocols as we are still at the midst of pandemic.

Within your area, look for a mother who have at least 3 children and above. Ask her the following questions:

1. What is your idea about family planning?

2. Before having a baby, did you considered using any method in family planning?

3. How long are the age intervals of your children? 1 year? 2 years? 3 years? Why? Is it by chance or by choice?

4. Do you plan to get pregnant again? Why? Why not?

At the end of the video, cite the benefits of family planning to the community.

Submission of your video is on the date of our Midterm Examination.