Modern

Family
Planning
Presented by GROUP 3
What is family planning?
 Traditional methods
Periodic
abstinence
Modern methods
Withdrawal
Folk methods

Family maternity
Planning Methods
01. Pills 04. Injectibles
02. Intrauterine Device 05. Implants
03. Condoms 06. Sterilization
07. Diaphragm

Types
Modern Family Planning
Oral
Contraceptives
(Pills)
Oral Contraceptives
Modern Family Planning

Definition
Oral contraceptives, commonly known as the pill, OCs (for oral
contraceptive), or COCs (for combination oral contraceptives), are
composed of varying amounts of natural estro- gen or synthetic estrogen
combined with a small amount of synthetic progesterone. The estrogen
acts to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH to suppress
ovu- lation. The progesterone action causes a decrease in the per-
meability of cervical mucus and so limits sperm motility and access to
ova. Progesterone also interferes with tubal transport and endometrial
proliferation to such an extent the possibil- ity of implantation is
significantly decreased.
Oral Contraceptives
Modern Family Planning

How To Use
Patients can set a start date for a cycle of pills in one of four ways:

Sunday start: Take the first pill on the first Sunday after the beginning of a menstrual
flow.

Quick start: Begin pills as soon as they are prescribed. Beginning pills immediately after a
prescription is filled may increase compliance, reducing unintended pregnancies.

First-day start: Begin pills on the first day of menses.

After childbirth, a patient should start the contraceptive on a day (or Sunday) closest to 2
weeks after birth; after an elective termination of pregnancy, they could begin on a
chosen day or the first Sunday after the procedure.
Combined Oral Contraceptives Modern Family Planning

Benefits Side Effects

Decreasing incidences of The main side effects patients may
Dysmenorrhea experiences with COCs are:
Premenstrual dysphoric and acne Nausea
Iron deficiency anemia Weight Gain
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease Headache
Endometrial and ovarian cancer, cysts, Breast tenderness
and ectopic pregnancies Breakthrough bleeding (spotting outside
Fibrocystic breast disease the menstrual period)
Possibly osteoporosis, endometriosis, Monilial vaginal infections
uterine myomata, and rheumatoid Mild hypertension
arthritis Depression
Combined Oral Contraceptives Modern Family Planning

Misconceptions
Myth: There is a risk of birth defects Myth: The contraceptive pill can cause
Some women who seek family planning cancer
incorrectly believe that using COCs will Some women who seek family planning
cause birth defects in their babies. believe that combined oral contraceptives
Fact: (COCs) cause cancers such as breast cancer,
Good evidence shows that COCs will not uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer.
cause birth defects and will not otherwise Fact:
harm the fetus if a woman becomes pregnant The use of combined oral contraceptives
while taking COCs or accidentally starts to (COCs) is proven to decrease the risk of two
take COCs when she already pregnant. gynecological cancers (ovarian and
endometrial).
Combined Oral Contraceptives
Myth: There is a risk of infertility, or a delayed
return to fertility
Women who seek family planning may
incorrectly believe that using COCs will cause
a long delay in conceiving or prevent them
from being able to have children in the future.
Fact:
The combined oral contraceptive (COC) does
not cause infertility. In fact, some of the non-
contraceptive benefits of the pill include
preserving fertility by offering protection
against pelvic inflammatory disease,
endometriosis, and ectopic pregnancy.
Misconceptions Modern Family Planning
Myth: Contraceptive pills can get absorbed into
the wrong part of the body
Many women who seek family planning incorrectly
believe that COCs accumulate in the body and
cause diseases and tumors, or get stored in the
stomach, ovaries, or uterus and form stones.
Fact:
After the pills are swallowed, they dissolve in the
digestive system, and the hormones they contain
are absorbed into the bloodstream. After they
produce their contraceptive effect, the hormones
are metabolised in the liver and gut and are then
eliminated from the body. They do not accumulate
in the body anywhere.
01
Modern Family Planning

Emergency Contraceptive
Emergency Contraceptive
 Modern Family Planning

What is Emergency
Contraception
02 Emergency contraception refers to methods of
contraception that can be used to prevent
pregnancy after sexual intercourse. These are
recommended for use within 5 days but are more
effective the sooner they are used after the act of
intercourse (WHO)

Methods
Levonorgestrel (LNG) Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Ulipristal Acetate (UPA) Emergency Contraceptive Pills:
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills
Copper-Bearing Intrauterine Devices
 Modern Family Planning

01 02
Firts Dose Second Dose
03
Take these pills as soon as possible Take these pills 12 hours after taking
after unprotected sex. Emergency the first set of pills.
contraception works up to 5 days after
unprotected sex. The sooner you take
it, the better it will work.

How to use
Emergency contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy by preventing
or delaying ovulation and they do not induce an abortion. The
copper-bearing IUD prevents fertilization by causing a

Emergency Contraceptive chemical change in sperm and egg before they meet.
Emergency contraception cannot interrupt an established
pregnancy or harm a developing embryo.
 Modern Family Planning

Benefits of
Emergency Contraception
04
Prevention of Unintended Pregnancy

Extended Timeframe for Use

Accessibility and Ease of Use

Effectiveness Comparable to Other Contraceptive

Methods
 Modern Family Planning

Side Effects
Emergency Contraception
05
Side effects from the use of ECPs are similar to those of oral
contraceptive pills. Side effects are not common, they are mild,
and will normally resolve without further medications.

-WHO
Nausea and Vomiting

Slight Irregular Vaginal Bleeding

Fatigue
 Modern Family Planning

Myths About
Emergency Contraception
06
EC can only be taken the “morning after” unprotected sex.
EC can only be taken three times over a woman’s
lifetime.
EC causes an abortion.
Only teenage girls use the emergency contraceptive
pill.
EC encourages women and girls to have unprotected
sex and to stop using regular methods of
contraception
 Intrauterine
01
Devices
(IUDs)
 Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
long-acting reversible contraception
Definition
Long-acting contraceptives (LACs) are modern family
02 planning methods that help prevent pregnancy for 3 or
more years
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of birth control a
healthcare provider inserts into your uterus. IUDs are the
most commonly used type of long-acting reversible
contraception (LARC). Once an IUD is inserted, you
don’t have to worry about birth control until it’s time to
replace it (three to 10 years, depending on the brand)

An IUD works as soon as it's put in and lasts for 5 to 10

years, depending on the type.
 Types of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
The FDA has approved five brands of IUDs: Paragard®
(copper) and Mirena®, Liletta®, Kyleena® and Skyla®
03 (hormonal).
1. Copper IUDs: Paragard’s IUD has a thin copper wire
that coils around the stem part of the “T.” The stem ends
in a smooth ball that prevents your cervix from getting
punctured when your provider inserts your IUD.
2. Hormonal (levonorgestrel) IUDs: The top part of the “T”
contains the progestin hormone levonorgestrel, which
flows through the stem. Progestins are a synthetic
version of progesterone, a hormone that occurs naturally
in your body. Mirena and Liletta are slightly bigger
around than Kyleena and Skyla.
 Your body recognizes an IUD as an invader and
springs into action to defend itself. This process results
HOW IUDs IIUDs can:
Thicken cervical mucus
in inflammation. Inflammation in your uterus creates
an environment that’s toxic to sperm. As a result,
WORKS? to prevent fertilization
thin uterine lining to
sperm can’t reach your fallopian tubes to fertilize an prevent fertilization
eggsspecific properties of copper and hormonal IUDs also
The SIDE stop ovulation
prevent sperm from leaving your uterus. EFFECTS
Copper IUDs: Heighten the inflammatory response, You may not notice Using over-the-counter
causing your uterine lining (endometrium) to become any side effects, or (OTC) NSAIDs and heating
inflamed. Even if sperm were to fertilize an egg, your you may experience pads can reduce the pain.
uterine lining would make it difficult for a fertilized egg mild to intense Panty liners and pads can help
(embryo) to implant there and develop. pain. It’s a good manage any bleeding.
Hormonal IUDs: Release small amounts of the progestin idea to allow You may:
hormone levonorgestrel over time. Levonorgestrel yourself some Feel light-headed or dizzy.
thickens your cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm recovery time just Experience cramps or
to swim to your fallopian tubes. It also thins your uterus in case. Take the backaches.
lining and partially suppresses your ability to release an rest of the day off Experience light bleeding
egg during your menstrual cycle. work if you can. or spotting.
 Risks of using IUDS
Pelvic infections
There's a very small chance of getting a
pelvic infection in the first 20 days after
the IUD has been inserted. You may be
advised to have a check for any existing
infections before an IUD is fitted.
Thrush
There's some limited evidence that if you
have an IUD fitted, you may have a
slightly higher chance of getting thrush
that keeps coming back. Speak to a GP if
you have an IUD and keep getting
thrush. You might want to think about
trying a different type of contraception.
Rejection
There's a small chance that the IUD can be rejected
(expelled) by the womb or it can move (displacement). If this
happens, it's usually soon after it's been fitted. You'll be
taught how to check that your IUD is in place.
Damage to the womb
In rare cases, an IUD can make a hole in the womb when it's
put in. This may be painful, although sometimes there may
be no symptoms. If the GP or nurse fitting your IUD is
experienced, the risk is extremely low. But see a GP straight
away if you're feeling pain or cannot feel the threads of your
IUD, as you may need surgery to remove it.
Ectopic pregnancy
If the IUD fails and you become pregnant, there's also an
increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
 MISCONCEPTIONS
1. It hurt to have an IUD inserted
2. It is the breeding place for infections
3. IUD make my period very irregular or
really heavy
4. Sex is prohibited
5. The male partner can feel the IUD
during sexual intercourse
6. Can I get an IUD if I’ve never been
pregnant?
7. It can rust inside you
8. The IUD can only be used in older
women
9. It can move inside your body
FACTS
1. Discomfort is common with IUD placement
2. The risk of pelvic infection associated with IUD use
is very low
3. Bleeding changes are common with either type of IUD
4. No. It is able.
5. NO! It doesn’t.
6. ACOG recommends IUDs as a birth control option
for adolescents and people who have never given birth
7. The copper on the IUD is oxidized to black copper
oxide, which is then dissolved by the amino acids in
endometrial fluid.
8. IUDs are safe for a wide range of women
9. It is rare
 Disadvantages Advantages
Your periods may become heavier, Have a 99% success rate.
longer or more painful, though this It protects against pregnancy for 5 or 10 years, depending on
may improve after a few months. the type.
An IUD can disrupt your menstrual 1. hormonal IUDs(Mirena and Liletta) can reduce heavy
cycle: menstrual bleeding & relieve menstrual cramps and pain from
1. Copper IUDs can make your endometriosis.
menstrual cramps worse and increase 2. copper IUDs (Paragard)effective form of emergency
your period bleeding, especially contraception. Inserting it within five days of having
during the first several months after unprotected sex can keep you from getting pregnant.
your IUD is inserted. There are no hormonal side effects, such as acne, headaches
2. Hormonal IUDs can make your or breast tenderness.
periods irregular, especially during Some studies have suggested that some IUD brands can
the first several months after reduce the risk of cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian
insertion. You may miss periods cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
(amenorrhea). Can be removed if you decide to become pregnant or switch
no protection from STDs birth control methods
01
Male and Female
Condoms
 Male Condom
02 1. Is a latex rubber or synthetic sheath which is placed over
the erect penis before coitus to trap sperm.
2. Male-responsibility birth control
3. Prevent the spread of STIs such as gonorrhea and
chlamydia; major part of the fight to prevent infection from
HIV

Maternal & Child Health Nursing 9th Edition

 Proper use of Male Condom

1. Use a condom every time you have sexual contact

03 2. Read the package and check the expiration date
3. Make sure there are no tears or defects
4. Store condoms in a cool, dry place
5. Use latex or polyurethane condoms
6. Use water-based or silicone-based lubricant to prevent breakage

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Advantages of using a Male Condom
Protects against STIs
Male responsibility
04
No prescription necessary

Side Effects/Contraindications of using a Male

Condom
Sensitivity or allergy to latex
Maternal & Child Health Nursing 9th Edition
 Female Condom
05 1. Sheaths made of latex or polyurethane prelubricated with a
spermicide similar to male condoms
2. Can be purchased without a prescription
3. Male and female condoms should not be used together or
there is an increased chance of tearing one or the other

Maternal & Child Health Nursing 9th Edition

 Proper Use of Female Condom

1. Use it from start to finish

06 2. Read the condom package and check the expiration date
3. Make sure there are no tears or defects
4. Use lubricant
5. Store it in a cool, dry place
6. Don’t reuse condoms
7. Don’t flush condoms because they may clog toilets

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Advantages of using a Female Condom
Protects against STIs

07
Side Effects/Contraindications of using a
Female Condom
Sensitivity or allergy to latex

Maternal & Child Health Nursing 9th Edition

 Misconceptions regarding Condoms
1. Condoms are unreliable and can break or slip off easily
2. Sex does not feel as good with a condom
08
3. Two condoms are better than one
4. Condoms don’t fit
5. Condoms are indicative of sexual promiscuity by people who use
them
6. Condoms are only for penises

United Nations Population Fund

04
INJECTABLES
 What is the contraceptive injection?
The contraceptive injection is a hormone injection that prevents pregnancy. The
injection works for 12 weeks. The injection contains depot medroxyprogesterone
acetate (DMPA). DMPA is a hormone similar to progesterone. Progesterone is made
04 naturally in the body by the ovaries.

How does the contraceptive injection work?

DMPA is slowly released into the body - the DMPA stops your ovaries from releasing
an egg. It also makes the mucus in the cervix thicker so that sperm can't get into the
uterus.

Family Planning Australia

 How is the contraceptive injection given?
The birth control injection is given into your buttock or upper arm muscle. A doctor or
nurse can give the injection.

04 Available Brands: DB-10 · Depofemme · Depotrust · Lyndavel · Medroxin · Provestin.

Other Known Brands. DB-5/DB-10; Deporeva; Provera.

How well does the contraceptive injection work to prevent pregnancy?

The contraceptive injection is very effective if given every 3 months.

With typical use, about 1 in 25 women using the contraceptive injection will get
pregnant. This is low compared to some other contraceptive methods.

Family Planning Australia

 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
the contraceptive injection?
Advantages of the birth control injection:
It’s highly effective.
04 You only need to have the injection once every 3 months.
It can be used straight after having a baby and if you are breastfeeding.
It usually stops your periods, so is useful if you have heavy periods or period pain.

Disadvantages of the birth control injection:

It changes the pattern of your periods — they might become more frequent or longer
lasting, then stop completely.
It can take a while to get pregnant when you stop using injections — it can take 18
months for fertility to return.
Family Planning Australia
 CONT.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of

the contraceptive injection?
04 Disadvantages of the birth control injection:
You may have side effects such as weight gain, headaches, mood changes, breast
tenderness, decreased sex drive and acne.
It might cause bone thinning.
You have to visit a doctor or clinic every 3 months for the injection.
The contraceptive injection does not protect you against sexually-transmitted infections
(STIs).

Family Planning Australia

 Who should not have contraceptive injections?
You should not have the injection if you:
want to become pregnant soon
have breast cancer
04
The contraceptive injection may not be suitable if you:
have unexplained vaginal bleeding
have had breast cancer before
have serious liver disease
are at risk of, or have a history of, cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke)
are at risk of low bone mineral density
are aged 50 years or older

Family Planning Australia

 Myths-Misconceptions regarding INJECTABLES
Q: Do injectables cause permanent infertility?
Answer: NO
Q: Do injectables cause cancer?
04 Answer: NO
Q: Do injectables cause abortion?
Answer: NO. Research shows that it will never disrupt an existing pregnancy nor harm the
baby.
Q: Do injectables cause abortion?
Answer: NO. Pregnancy during injectable use is very rare. In the rare event that a woman
becomes pregnant while using injectables, there is no harm to the baby because the hormones
in injectables are the same that women produce during pregnancy.Injectables are safe

Family Planning Australia

 CONT.
Myths-Misconceptions regarding INJECTABLES
Q: Is my menstrual blood stored inside my uterus when I use injectables?
Answer: NO. Some women using injectables experience no monthly menstrual bleeding
04 because there is no build-up in the endometrium so there is no breakdown or resulting
bleeding. Thus, Blood is not stored in the uterus. Lack of menstruation has health benefits:
it helps prevent anemia.

Q: Are injectables harmful to the breast?

Answer: NO

Family Planning Australia

Birth Control
Implant
 What is
Contraceptive
Implant?
A contraceptive implant is a matchstick-sized rod that is
inserted into your non-dominant arm. The implant,
01 containing progestogen, then stays in your arm for 3 years.
Throughout those years, the female hormone is released little
by little and thickens the mucus in the cervix, preventing the
sperm from reaching the egg, and also preventing ovulation.
You can have one implant every 3 years and can be gotten
from private clinics or women’s health centers such as
Likhaan. The implant has an effectiveness rate of 99.9%,
making it one of the safest contraception options for long-
term use.
In the Philippines, the Department of Health (DOH) stated
that the new family planning method called Progestin Sub-
dermal implant (PSI) is an effective approach to meeting the
global need for a more beneficial and convenient manner of
birth spacing among women.
 How is a contraceptive implant
fitted or removed?
A local anaesthetic is used to numb the area on the inside of your
upper arm. The implant is then inserted under your skin – it only
02 takes a few minutes to put in and feels like having an injection.
You won’t need any stitches after your implant has been fitted.
It works for 3 years before it needs to be replaced. You can use
this method until you reach the menopause
The implant can be removed at any time by a specially trained
doctor or nurse. It only takes a few minutes to remove, and a
local anaesthetic will be used. The doctor or nurse will make a
tiny cut in your skin to gently pull the implant out.
As soon as the implant has been removed, you'll no longer be
protected against pregnancy.
 Who can use the Implant?
Most women can be fitted with the contraceptive implant.
It may not be suitable if you....
think you might be pregnant
don't want your periods to change
take other medicines that may affect the implant
03 have unexplained bleeding in between periods or after sex
have arterial disease or a history of heart disease or stroke
have liver disease
have breast cancer or have had it in the past
have a medical condition that may affect which contraception you can use – speak to
your GP or practice nurse, or visit your nearest sexual health clinic to discuss further.
Before using an implant, you should also let a healthcare
professional know if you have:
- diabetes - High cholesterol
-high blood pressure - Headaches
-gallbladder or kidney conditions
-liver disease
-a history of depression
 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Implant
Advantages :
It works for 3 years
It doesn't interrupt sex
It's an option if you can't use oestrogen-based contraception, such as the combined
04 contraceptive pill, contraceptive patch or vaginal ring
It's safe to use while you're breastfeeding
Your fertility will return to normal as soon as the implant is taken out
It may reduce heavy periods or period pain

Disadvantages :
You may experience temporary side effects during the first few months, like
headaches, nausea, breast tenderness and mood swings
Your periods may be irregular or stop altogether
You may get acne or your acne might get worse
You'll need a small procedure to have it fitted and removed
It doesn't protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you may
need to use additional contraception (such as condoms) as well
 Common Misconcenceptions about Implant
Permanent Sterilization
Weight Gain
Infertility After Removal
Effect on Breastfeeding
01 Limited Duration of Effectiveness
Health Risks for Smokers

Is contraceptive implant free in the

Philippines?
There were programs and clinics in the Philippines that provided free
or subsidized family planning services, including the insertion of
contraceptive implants. However, the availability of such services may
vary depending on the region, local health policies, and government
initiatives.
 Sterilization
Vasectomy and Bilateral Tubal Ligation
 Ovary Fallopian Tube Bilateral Tubal Ligation
For Assigned Female at Birth
BTL or Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that creates
permanent contraception, or sterilization. It is
commonly referred to as having your “tubes tied.” It
involves blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent the
ovum (egg) from being fertilized. It can be done by
cutting, burning or removing sections of the fallopian
tubes or by placing clips on each tube.
It is often done in postpartum setting such as during cesarean delivery or 1-2 days after vaginal birth
but it can also be done in time unrelated to childbirth. Risk of pregnancy after bilateral tubal
01 ligation is extremely low but if it happens, it comes with high risk of ectopic pregnancy.

NON-SURGICAL APPROACH
Nickel Coil may be inserted at the fallopian tubes so over time the tissues grow in and
around the coil and slowly occludes the tube achieving mechanical blockage of the
fallopian tubes, which can be removed or occluded with electrocoagulation.
 How is it done?
You will be given general anesthesia which will put you to sleep. One incision will be made in
the umbilicus (belly button) and three small incisions will be made in the lower abdomen. Gas
is pumped into the abdomen in order to help the Surgeon see the uterus, ovaries and fallopian
tubes. A laparoscope is a telescopic instrument that is used to locate the fallopian tubes. Once
02 the tubes are exposed, a small section of each tube is cut free and removed. The severed ends
are ligated “burned” with a cautery tool, or clips may be placed on each tube. The skin is closed
with sutures that will dissolve and steristrips on the outside that may be removed after 1 week.

Cut and Tie Sealed using Cautery Blocked by Plastic Band Blocked by Clip
 01. It’s permanent
02. It works
03. It doesn’t affect your hormones
04. You don't need to remember to do anything.
05. It may lower your chances of ovarian cancer.

Benefits 03
 Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) is a relatively safe procedure. However; with all surgeries carry some risks.
You will need to sign a consent form that explains the risks and benefits of the surgery.

01. Inadvertent injury to surrounding structures

including the bowel, bladder, uterus, ovaries.
02. Infection or bleeding
03. Complications from anesthesia
04. Allergic reaction to any medications used
during and after the procedure
05. Failure of sterilization procedure which is less 04
than 1% which may result in an ectopic (tubal)

Risks pregnancy
 05

01 02 03 04 05
It won’t Not all of your It does not All women
affect your reproductive
It does not
mean that can have
sexual organs must woman will no cause weight
female
performance be removed longer ovulate changes sterilization

Debunking Misconceptions
 Vasectomy For Assigned Male at Birth
Vasectomy is a form of male birth control wherein the two
tubes (Vas Deferens) that carry sperm are cut, the ends are
separated and closed so sperm can no longer enter the fluid
(semen) produced during orgasm and ejaculation. Vasectomy
has a low risk of problems and can usually be performed in
an outpatient setting under local anesthesia.
Cryopreservation (sperm banking)
Client can store sperm prior to vasectomy, in case of change of mind
Yearly storage fee

01 Can be used for intra-uterine insemination or in-vitro

fertilization (Rarely covered by insurance; expensive)
MEN MORE LIKELY TO REGRET VASECTOMY
Less than 30 years old
Partner is currently pregnant These procedures are nearly 100% effective. In very rare cases, the
Considering vasectomy for less than 1 year tubes can rejoin. If that happens, sperm could leave your body and
Can consider vasectomy reversal (No guarantee cause a pregnancy.
of success; costly and rarely covered by insurance
 How is it done?
Vasectomy surgery usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes. To perform a vasectomy, your doctor will likely follow these
steps:
Numb the surgery area by injecting a local anesthetic into the skin of your scrotum with a small needle.
Make a small cut (incision) in the upper part of your scrotum once the surgery area is numb. Or with the "no-scalpel"
technique, make a small puncture in the scrotum instead of an incision.
02 Locate the tube that carries semen from your testicle (vas deferens).
Withdraw part of the vas deferens through the incision or puncture.
Cut the vas deferens where it has been pulled out of the scrotum.
Seal the vas deferens by tying it, using heat (cauterizing), surgical clips or a combination of methods. Then your
doctor will return the ends of the vas deferens to the scrotum.
Close the incision at the surgery area. Stitches or glue may be used. In some cases, the wound may be left to close on
its own over time.
 01. More than 99% effective at preventing
pregnancy
02. Long-term effects on your health are rare
03. Doesn't affect sex drive or testosterone
levels
04. Doesn’t affect ability to get or maintain
erection
05. May be chosen as a simpler and safer 03

Benefits alternative to female sterilization

 For most men, a vasectomy doesn't cause any noticeable side effects, and serious complications are rare.
Side effects right after surgery can include:

01. Bleeding or a blood clot (hematoma) inside the scrotum

02. Blood in your semen
03. Bruising of your scrotum
04. Infection of the surgery site
05. Mild pain or discomfort
06. Swelling
Delayed complications can include:

01. Chronic pain

02. Fluid buildup in the testicle, which can cause a dull ache that 04
gets worse with ejaculation

Risks
03. A fluid-filled sac (hydrocele) surrounding a testicle that causes
swelling in the scrotum
04. Pregnancy, in the event that your vasectomy fails, which is rare.
 05

01 02 03 04 05
It won’t It won’t It won’t It won’t
It won’t
affect your permanently increase your increase your
cause severe
sexual damage your risk of certain risk of heart
sexual organs cancers disease pain
performance

Debunking Misconceptions
 Everything You Need
to Know About Using
07

A Diaphragm
What is a
diaphragm?
A diaphragm is form of reusable birth control for women. It’s a small, dome-
shaped cup you insert into your vagina to block sperm from entering your
uterus. It’s a physical barrier that prevents the sperm from reaching the
egg, making it a barrier method of birth control.

Diaphragms are meant to be used with spermicide for added protection

against pregnancy. When used correctly, diaphragms can be up to 94
percent effective.
How to use a
diaphragm?
How to put it in

Finding the best position to insert your diaphragm can take practice and patience.
Inserting it is similar to inserting a tampon or menstrual cup. You can try lying down,
squatting, or standing with one leg propped up. Whatever position you choose, the
idea is that your legs should be wide open and your knees bent.
 How to use a
diaphragm?
To use the diaphragm, follow these steps:
1. Wash your hands thoroughly.
2. Apply your spermicide to the diaphragm.
3. Fold the diaphragm in half and hold it in one hand, with the dome
pointing down. Use your other hand to hold your vagina open.
4. Place the diaphragm into your vagina, aiming for your tailbone as you
insert.
5. Once it’s inside, use your fingers to push the diaphragm as far into the
vagina as you can.
6. Use your finger to wrap the front rim up, behind your pubic bone. It’s
helpful to aim for your belly button.
How to use a
diaphragm?
When to take it out

Leave your diaphragm in for at least six hours after having sex. If you plan to have
sex again that same day, leave it in and apply more spermicide into your vagina
beforehand.

You shouldn’t leave the device in for longer than 24 hours. Doing so may lead to a
serious bacterial infection called toxic shock syndrome.
 How to use a
diaphragm?
Wait at least six hours after having sex to remove your
diaphragm. Then, follow these steps:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly.

2. Find a comfortable position — lying down, squatting, or standing
with one leg propped.
3. Place your index finger into your vagina. Hook it over the rim of
the diaphragm.
4. Gently pull the diaphragm down and out of your vagina. Be
especially careful not to tear any holes in the device with your
finger nails.
Diaphragm
aftercare
After you take your diaphragm out, take care to prevent bacteria from settling into the
diaphragm. This will preserve the product’s longevity.

You should:

1. Rinse it off and let it air dry.

2. Inspect it for any holes or other damage. Try filling the dome with water
to see if any water leaks through the silicone.
3. Let it dry again before storing your diaphragm in a cool, dry container.

You shouldn’t use a damaged diaphragm. Any holes will allow sperm to enter the cervix
and into the uterus.

With proper care, a diaphragm should last between 2 and 10 years.

Advantages and
Disadvantages
Advantages
There are a number of advantages to using a diaphragm over other birth
control options.

is affordable
can be inserted hours before having sex
can be used for multiple sessions before it’s taken out
can’t be felt during sex
can be discontinued at any time
can be used safely while breastfeeding
decreases your risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal infertility
Disadvantages
There are some drawbacks and other factors to consider about
diaphragms.

can’t be used if you’re allergic to silicone

requires planning
requires a prescription
may be difficult to insert
may irritate your vagina or lead to UTIs
can be pushed out of place during sex
doesn’t protect against STIs
Risks of Using
a Diaphragm
It is important to consider the following factors when thinking about
using one:

Silicone or spermicide allergy

If you or your partner has HIV/AIDS or any STI
A high possibility of pregnancy especially when you are below 30 years old, have
regular intercourse or have experienced difficulty using alternative barrier
method contraception like the diaphragm
Vaginal infections
Frequent urinary tract infections or UTI
Past experience with toxic shock syndrome
Risks of Using
a Diaphragm
The use of spermicide can also have its own adverse effects on certain people.
A few risks include the following:

Damages the lining of the vagina

Causes vaginal irritation or infection
Increases risk of contracting STIs