9/10/2020 MID TERM

ASSIGNMENT
LEADING PEOPLE & ORGANIZATION

LEADERSHIP
1
 LEADERSHIP

LEADING PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATION

ASSIGNMENT: MID TERM
SECTION: BBA 3C
SUBMITTED BY: AMEER ALI
ROLL NO: BBHM-F19-253
SUBMITTED TO: SIR ADEEL SAHIB

SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY LAHORE

RAIWIND ROAD CAMPUS
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PART 1

LEADER OF MY CHOICE IS

NELSON MANDELA
FORMER PRESEDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF NELSON MANDELA

Known and loved around the world for his commitment to peace, negotiation and
reconciliation, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was South Africa's first democratically elected
president (1994-1999). Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader, as
well as a philanthropist with an abiding love for children. Mandela was born into the Xhosa
royal family on 18 July 1918 and died on 5 December 2013.

Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mezzo, in the Eastern Cape,
on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa
Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba
Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla
became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni. Hearing the elders stories of
his ancestors velour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own
contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave him the name
Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all schoolchildren “Christian” names. He
completed his Junior Certificate at Clarke bury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdton, a
Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated. Mandela began his studies
for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the
degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student protest. On his return to the Great
Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t return to Fort Hare he would
arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice. They ran away to Johannesburg instead, arriving
there in 1941. There he worked as a mine security officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu, an
estate agent, he was introduced to Laser Sidelsky. He then did his articles through a firm of
attorneys Witkin, Eidelman and Sidelsky.
He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his
graduation in 1943.

Meanwhile, he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own
admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating. He only
started studying again through the University of London after his imprisonment in 1962 but also
did not complete that degree.
In 1989, while in the last months of his imprisonment, he obtained an LLB through the
University of South Africa. He graduated in absentia at a ceremony in Cape Town.
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Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National
Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL). In 1944 he married
Walter Sisulu’s cousin, Evelyn Maze, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile "Thembi"
and Makgatho, and two daughters both called Makenzie, the first of whom died in infancy. He
and his wife divorced in 1958.Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its
efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programmer of Action, in 1949.

In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with
Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a
joint programmer between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others
were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and
sentenced to nine months of hard labor, suspended for two years.

A two-year diploma in law on top of his BA allowed Mandela to practice law, and in August
1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black law firm, Mandela & Tambo. At
the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only permitted
to watch in secret as the Freedom Charter was adopted in cape town on 26 June 1955.

Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop on 5 December 1956, which led to the
1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon
trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mandela, were acquitted on 29 March
1961.

On 21 March 1960 police killed 69 unarmed people in a protest in Sharpeville against the pass
laws. This led to the country’s first state of emergency and the banning of the ANC and the Pan
Africanist Congress (PAC) on 8 April. Mandela and his colleagues in the Treason Trial were
among thousands detained during the state of emergency.

Days before the end of the Treason Trial, Mandela travelled to Pietermaritzburg to speak at the
All-in Africa Conference, which resolved that he should write to Prime Minister Verwoerd
requesting a national convention on a non-racial constitution, and to warn that should he not
agree there would be a national strike against South Africa becoming a republic. After he and
his colleagues were acquitted in the Treason Trial, Mandela went underground and began
planning a national strike for 29, 30 and 31 March. In the face of massive mobilization of state
security, the strike was called off early. In June 1961 he was asked to lead the armed struggle
and helped to establish Umkhonto resize (Spear of the Nation), which launched on 16
December 1961 with a series of explosions.
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During the trial Mandela married a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, on 14 June 1958. They
had two daughters, Zenani and Zindziswa. The couple divorced in 1996.

On 11 January 1962, using the adopted name David Motsamayi, Mandela secretly left South
Africa. He travelled around Africa and visited England to gain support for the armed struggle.
He received military training in Morocco and Ethiopia and returned to South Africa in July 1962.
He was arrested in a police roadblock outside Hawick on 5 August while returning from
KwaZulu-Natal, where he had briefed ANC President Chief Albert Luthuli about his trip.

He was charged with leaving the country without a permit and inciting workers to strike. He
was convicted and sentenced to five years' imprisonment, which he began serving at the
Pretoria Local Prison. On 27 May 1963 he was transferred to Robben Island and returned to
Pretoria on 12 June. Within a month police raided Lilies leaf, a secret hideout in Ravinia,
Johannesburg, used by ANC and Communist Party activists, and several of his comrades were
arrested.

On 9 October 1963 Mandela joined 10 others on trial for sabotage in what became known as
the Ravinia Trial. While facing the death penalty his words to the court at the end of his famous
"Speech from the Dock" on 20 April 1964 became immortalized:

“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have
cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But
if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."
Speech from the Dock quote by Nelson Mandela on 20 April 1964

On 11 June 1964 Mandela and seven other accused, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kithara, Gavan
Mbeki, Raymond Malabar, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni, were
convicted and the next day were sentenced to life imprisonment. Goldberg was sent to Pretoria
Prison because he was white, while the others went to Robben Island.
Mandela’s mother died in 1968 and his eldest son, Thembi, in 1969. He was not allowed to
attend their funerals.

On 31 March 1982 Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town with Sisulu,
Mhlaba and Mlangeni. Kathrada joined them in October. When he returned to the prison in
November 1985 after prostate surgery, Mandela was held alone. Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee
visited him in hospital. Later Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting between the
apartheid government and the ANC.
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On 12 August 1988 he was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After
more than three months in two hospitals he was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house at
Victor Verster Prison near Paarl where he spent his last 14 months of imprisonment. He was
released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC
and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of his remaining Rivonia comrades.
Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.
Nobel Peace Prize
Mandela immersed himself in official talks to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected
ANC President to replace his ailing friend, Oliver Tambo. In 1993 he and President FW de Klerk
jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize and on 27 April 1994 he voted for the first time in his life.
President
On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On
his 80th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife. 
Retirement
True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued
to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson
Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation.
In April 2007 his grandson, Mandla Mandela, was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional
Council at a ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place.
Mandela's legacy
Nelson Mandela died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.
Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite
terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who
are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation .
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ARE NELSON MANDELA LEADER BORN OR MADE?

Whether we like it or not, these leaders are born, not formed. Although our culture would like
to believe that everyone has a grain of leadership, I'm not sure. While there may be a deep
leader within everyone who does not make them a leader. When people move forward and
when their followers accept them as leaders, people become leaders. To move forward, one
needs the desire and drive to guide. As much as we would like to believe that everyone can be
a leader, the fact of the matter is that, fair or not, followers want a certain kind of leader. And
whether we like it or not, we don't all have the intelligence, the drive or the desire to guide.
When we try and understand Nelson Mandela's leadership, it is natural to think that leadership
is created to produce you. There are very few people in the world who could do their job.
When it comes to leadership, it is off the charts. I think Nelson Mandela was supposed to be a
natural leader, I think you should probably be born Mandela. But to assume that genetic factors
alone explain Mandela's leadership, many biographers ignore the important role of his early
society, which focused on Mandela when he joined the ANC in the 1950s. After assuming the
leadership position, he focused on Mandela.
“We need to stop believing that everyone can lead. But, everyone can be effective.”

TURNING POINT

There are many turning points and important places in his life, as he moves from one stage to another,
but I am sure that the turning point was towards Mandela. Having always been against violence, he was
abandoning one of his principles, but it was a turn that really spun the wheels. With this act of violence,
the government was forced to take practical action, and many other calls began to struggle. His
involvement led him to the trial, the Revenue Trial, where he was given the opportunity to open his
eyes, publicize the cause and influence others before serving a life sentence.
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VISION
A society which remembers its pasts, listens to all its voices, and pursues social justice.
There is no passion to be found playing small in settling for a life that is less than the one you
are capable of living.

MISSION
To contribute to the making of a just society by keeping alive the legacy of Nelson Mandela,
providing an integrated public information resource on his life and times, and by convening
dialogue around critical social issues.

OBJECTIVES
Its objective is to inspire individuals to take action to help change the world for the better, and
in doing so, to build a global movement for good. Ultimately, it seeks to empower communities
everywhere. Individuals and organizations are free to participate in making every day
a Mandela Day.

BIG FIVE MODEL

1- Extroversion
 Nelson Mandela Foundation
 Mandela Children’s Fund
 The Eldest, African National Congress Youth League
 Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2- Agreeableness
 Good-natured
 Cooperative
 Trusting
3- Conscientiousness
 Responsible
 Self-discipline
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 Goal-driven
 Competence
4- Emotional Stability
 Calm
 Self-Confident
 Secure Under Stress (positive)
 Proactive
5- Openness to Experience
 Imaginative
 Artistic
 Sensitive
 Ideas

NATURAL TRAITS
 Hard working
 Open minded
 Confident
 Risk Taking
 Self-Monitoring
 Observant
 Desire to lead

QUALITIES OF NELSON MANDELA

1. He was a man of peace.
2. He had a powerful presence and disarmed enemies with his smile.
3. He showed the world what forgiveness looks like.
4. He was positive, thinking about what could be.
5. He was a visionary and could see the big picture.
6. He was focused on goals and a mission beyond himself.
7. He had remarkable endurance.
8. He showed grit and determination.
9. He was humble.
10. He was full of hope, not hate.
11. He was patient.
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FLAWS
 It is true Mandela rose to greatness. Freed after 27 years in a South African jail, the anti-
apartheid fighter emerged not bent on vengeance but healing.
 He negotiated a peaceful end to apartheid, and as the first president of democratic
South Africa, preached and practiced - reconciliation. In this he was great. A healer. An
inspiration.
 For many whites abroad, he seems even Christ like someone who did suffered for the
sins of white guilt, and absolved those who believed in him of the sin of racism.
 But Mandela was no Christ nor even Gandhi nor Martin Luther King. He was for decades
a man of violence. In 1961, he broke with African National Congress colleagues who
preached non-violence, creating a terrorist wing.

NATURAL LEADERSHIP STYLE

Leading a political career, Nelson Mandela's independent leadership style was visible and
successful. He successfully maintained this style while doing philanthropic work. In politics,
however, he is confused about his style. Sometimes he behaves in a participatory manner, at
other times in a democratic manner and sometimes in an independent leadership style. As a
student of leadership, my humble advice to them is to remain independent. This is his natural
style and is suitable for it. In this way he will succeed in the situation he is in. Of course,
different situations require fine tuning in a way that he understands well. The only thing is that
it needs to make itself clear on the difference between sovereignty and arrogance.
QUOTES
“I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But
if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”
—Nelson Mandela
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
― Nelson Mandela
“A good head and good heart are always a formidable combination. But when you add to that a
literate tongue or pen, then you have something very special.”
― Nelson Mandela
“No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his
religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for
love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.”
― Nelson Mandela
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“Do not judge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up
again.”
― Nelson Mandela

CHALLENGES
Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa for only 5 years, much too short a time to
come to grips with the entire spectrum of challenges facing our nation and find answers for all
of them. But one thing is certain: Mandela valued education throughout his life. He was always
respectful of traditional education, as much of his wisdom has its roots in traditional respect for
the humanity of others. He recognized early on that there was no substitute for gaining as rich
an education as possible. He was a committed learner at school, at college and university. He
understood that education was in a dynamic relationship with action in the world. He was
expelled from Fort Hare for political activity, despite his good record, but he continued his
studies through Unisa and the University of the Witwatersrand, opening the first black legal
practice in South Africa with OR Tambo, thereby making his education a benefit to society.
When he was imprisoned for his political activities, he continued his formal studies. He urged
others to expand their minds and develop genuine critical capacity. This led to the nickname,
Robben Island University.
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PART 2
Explain Two Leadership Styles (with logic) According to Path Goal Theory to Deal with Bob.
Also, Explain Why You are not Choosing the Rest of Two Leadership Styles.

WHAT IS PATH GOAL THEORY ??

Goal-path theory is based on the premise that a leader's behavior impacts the satisfaction,
motivation and performance of employees. This theory is based on expectancy theory, the
assertion that an individual will act in a certain way based on the expectation of a desirable
outcome. Path-goal theory assumes that a leader complements their employees and will
compensate for their shortcomings. Effective leaders, according to this theory, give their
employees a clear path to follow to achieve goals, removing pitfalls and obstacles. The theory
provides guidance for ways leaders can encourage and support employees in reaching goals.

TYPES OF PATH GOAL THEORY

Path-goal theory identifies four types of leadership styles:

 Achievement-oriented
 Directive path-goal clarifying
 Supportive
 Participative

Bob does a complex job and likes to work in a structured way. In this environment, however,
formal authority is not strong, and Bob receives no support from his peers, although he does
require a lot of commitment. Bob also has some obstacles in the way of achieving his goals.

SUPPORTIVE
According to Path goal theory to deal with Bob, The leadership style I adopted is Supportive
leadership style. Supportive Leader supports the team in every aspect. Because task structure is
simple and he supports the team and has a focus of control. He achieve the goal and do the
work easily. We will help meet his need for affiliation. Supportive leaders create a warm and
friendly environment and show concern for their subordinate. These leaders are friendly and
approachable and do their best to make work pleasant for their followers.

DIRECTIVE
According to Path Goal theory to deal with Bob, The leadership style I adopted is directive
leadership style. Directive leadership style are fit in it because bob’s are target achievable and
he can believe to achieve his objectives and this leadership inform to ensure that goals are clear
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and rewards desirable. Directive leaders tell their subordinate precisely what they want them
to how they should do it and the deadline for completing the task. Directive leadership is similar
to the style of leadership. The leader makes vague rules and regulations that must be obeyed.

Explain Why You are not Choosing the Rest of Two Leadership Styles.
I am not choosing the rest of leadership styles Because these styles is not support with Bob and
the formal work group does not provide any support. This styles is not suitable