5G mmWave Device Design and

Simulation with Thermal Analysis

Nicholas Chang, Ph.D
High Frequency Application Engineer

Solve it, with CYBERNET

Agenda
◥ Introduction
▪ 5G mmWave
▪ Thermal Case Study
◥ 5G Simulation
▪ Element Design
▪ Array Synthesis
▪ Installed Performance
▪ Link Margin and Interference Analysis
▪ Multi-Physics
◥ Summary
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 The 5G Paradigm Change
Smart Environment, IoT, Self-Driving Cars, …

5G
Voice
1G

Voice & Text

2G

Voice & Text &

3G

Internet

Voice & Text &

4G

Internet & Multi-

Media mmWave
Sub-6GHz

0.7 2 GHz 3 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz 20 40 60 80

GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz

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 Three dimensions of 5G
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband
– 4K Video, AR/VR streaming in
office, industrial parks, malls,
sports venues.
– High volumes in localized areas
with lower cost
• Massive Internet of Things
– Economy of scale for IoT and M2M
– Low power
• Mission Critical Services
– New market for high reliability,
ultra-low latency, security,
availability
– Supports autonomous vehicles and
remote operation of equipment
*The 5G Economy, IHS.com

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 5G: A Simulation Vision
• Base Station
‐ Phased Array Antenna Analysis
‐ Statistical Analysis of Antenna
Elements
‐ Radome Interaction and Placement
‐ Beamforming and Pattern Synthesis

• User Equipment
– Antenna Design, Integration, • Channel Characterization
and Optimization ‐ Environmental Modeling
– Antenna Matching
➢ Channel State Information
– Statistical and Sensitivity (CSI) between Base Station
Analysis and Multiple Users
– Cumulative Distribution
Function ‐ Multi-User Massive MIMO
– Human interaction and ‐ Coupling and Interference
sensing ➢ Signal processing
• Power Density and SAR
‐ Coverage Zones

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 5G Antenna Simulation

Antenna Design and Modeling Human Body Interaction Thermal Coupled Analysis

Antenna and Array design Power density Drop in antenna efficiency due to
Optimization and Beamforming Far field and impedance detuning temperature
Installed antenna pattern, Coupling

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 Case Study 1: Embedded Cooling

J.Z. Zhou , L. Yin, L. Kang , M.Wang, and J. Huang, “Joint Design and Experimental
Tests of Highly Integrated Phased-Array Antenna With Microchannel Heat Sinks,”
Simulation with Ansys HFSS and Icepak IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 2370–2374, 2019.

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 Case Study 2: Antenna in Package

J. Park, D. Choi, and W. Hong, “Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Antenna-in-

Package (AiP) Using Stamped Metal Process for Enhanced Heat Dissipation,” IEEE
Simulation with Ansys HFSS and CFD (Fluent) Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 2355–2359, 2019.

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5G Simulation

RELEASE
 Simulation Across All Major Physics
• Electromagnetics, Optics, Semiconductor, Structures, Fluids,
Embedded Software
• Multiscale Modeling
• nanometers (transistor) to kilometers (Coverage analysis)

Transistors 3D-RFIC PCB Antenna Element 5G Phase Array Base station Mast Network Planning, Base
Radio with BS Station Coverage

nm km
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 Workflow for Design of 5G Array Antenna
Link Margin &
Element Phased Array Installed Antenna Multiphysics
Interference
Design Synthesis Performance Analysis
Analysis

HFSS FEM HFSS FEM HFSS SBR+ EMIT Icepak/

Unit cell Infinitearray, Installed Link margin, Mehchanical
analysis, FADDM, antenna Interference, Temperature,
Optimetrics Explicitarray pattern, Coupling Structural
Coupling models Deformation

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 Array Element Design
• Dual-slanted-polarized cross-dipole • Design of Experiment in AEDT
antenna element ‐ To obtain response surface
• Periodic BC is applied ‐ To optimize the design parameters
‐ Tolerance Analysis of Design Parameters

Radome
X-dipole
Coax feed
Reflector

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 Array Synthesis: FA-DDM
• FA-DDM (Finite Array DomainDecomposition)
‐ Converged mesh from unit cellsimulation is duplicated to the entire array
‐ Meshing process is very fastand RAM-efficientcompared to the equivalentexplicitarray
• Finite Array Beam AngleCalculator Toolkit:Phaseshift for scanning is calculatedandapplied (no need tore-
simulate)

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 Phased Array Synthesis: Explicit Array
• Explicit modeling of arrayis necessary for multiphysics analysis
• Dynamiclinktobeamforming networkin Circuit
• Push excitationfromCircuitsteers the beam in HFSS

Dynamic link/Push Excitation

steers beam in HFSS

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 Installed Antenna Performance on a uCell
• FA-DDM simulation of phased arraycanbe mapped onto uCell designin SBR+ as anear-fieldsource
• SBR+ calculatesthe installedantennapatternon the uCell

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 Installed Antenna Performance (SBR+)

Mast
5G Base Station Antenna
HFSS SBR+ simulation to calculate antenna pattern
installed on a communication tower

4G Base Station Antenna

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 Installed Antenna Performance
Coupling between 12 BS antennas

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 Link Margin Analysis in EMIT
5G mmW uCell and mobile device in urban environment

How much distance the uCell andthe

phone can maintain positive link margin
withinterference?
Mobile phone
5G mmW uCellon alight pole Broadband noisesource

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 Link Margin & Interference Analysis Scenario
EMIT Coupling Model/SBR+ Simulation
5G BS Antenna
2.4GHz BT antenna

Installed Pattern (SBR+)

2.4GHz Wi-Fi antenna

2.4GHz Wi-Fi antenna

EMIT Coupling Model/SBR+ Simulation

5G Link over distance R (sweep variable)

2.4GHz BT antenna
How much distance the base station
and the phone can maintain positive
Base Station Tower
link margin with interference?
Phone w/ 4G, 5G, GPS, BT antennas

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 Link Margin vs. Distance
• For 5G, link margin ≥ 0 dB
– Up to 490m without interference
– 350m with interference

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Electro-Thermal Simulation of 5G Base Station Antenna
• Temperature of 8x8 dipole array for mmW 5G base station is simulated in Icepak (classic)
• 40W input, ~4W RF loss
– Input power per unit cell: 0.625W
• Maximum temperature is 159°C  may exceed the decomposition temperature

6.3 cm
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 Array Performance After Thermal Loading (2-way Coupling)

ϕ=0°
ϕ=90°

~4.5dB loss of gain

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 Thermal Management in Icepak
• To reduce overall temperature, a 50mm fan is added on the bottom
• Temperature is decreased to 68°C
• Thermal issue is much mitigated

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 HFSS & Icepak Co-Simulation Flow In AEDT
Create 3D model Calculate EM Loss in HFSS Import EM loss to Icepak Icepak Result

Calculate EM Loss
(HFSS)
Create Model
(SpaceClaim or HFSS)
Import EM Loss Calculate Temperature
(Icepak) (Icepak)

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 HFSS & Icepak Co-Simulation Flow In AEDT

99.0 ℃

Model 1
Gain value 18.18 dB improve to 18.35 dB Temperature from 99 ℃
Add Cooling design improve to 63.6 ℃
EM Loss 4.08 W improve to 3.95W

63.6 ℃

Model 2
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 Summary
◥ Workflow of 5G phased array antenna design from element-level to
system-level in multiphysics domain
◥ ANSYS simulation tools can be used to analyze every level of design
process in every physics
▪ HFSS: Optimized antenna element and phased array design
▪ SBR+: Installed antenna performance and coupling
▪ EMIT: Interference and link margin analysis
▪ Icepak/WB Thermal solver: Multiphysics
◥ Thermal effect can be more critical for mmW systems

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