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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


About this Reference Work

Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

General information
Aboriginal Rights, Pages 1-5, M. Asch
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Subject classification

Authors Absolutism, History of, Pages 5-9, R. Vierhaus


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Article titles
Academic Achievement Motivation, Development of, Pages 14-20, J.S. Eccles, A.
Subject index Wigfield
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Academic Achievement: Cultural and Social Influences, Pages 9-14, H.W.


Stevenson
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Academy and Society in the United States: Cultural Concerns, Pages 20-27, J.R.
Cole
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Acceptance and Change, Psychology of, Pages 27-30, S.C. Hayes


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Access: Geographical, Pages 30-33, E. Talen


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Accidents, Normal, Pages 33-38, C. Perrow


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Accountability: Political, Pages 38-41, J.M. Bessette


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Action Planning, Psychology of, Pages 41-45, M. von Cranach, F. Tschan


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Action Theory: Psychological, Pages 45-49, L.H. Eckensberger


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Action, Collective, Pages 49-54, A.R. Oberschall


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Action, Theories of Social, Pages 54-58, R. Boudon


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Activity Theory: Psychological, Pages 58-62, W. Hacker


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Actor Network Theory, Pages 62-66, M. Callon


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Adaptation, Fitness, and Evolution, Pages 66-72, W.B. Watt


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Adaptive Preferences: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 72-77, R.E. Goodin


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Additive Factor Models, Pages 77-81, R. Schweickert


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Administration in Organizations, Pages 81-85, J.-C. Thoenig


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Administrative Law, Pages 85-88, C. Coglianese


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Adolescence, Psychiatry of, Pages 88-94, D. Offer, D. Albert


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Adolescence, Sociology of, Pages 94-97, F.F. Furstenberg


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Adolescent Behavior: Demographic, Pages 98-101, J. de Jong Gierveld


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Adolescent Development, Theories of, Pages 102-105, L. Steinberg


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Adolescent Health and Health Behaviors, Pages 105-112, T.A. Wills


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Adolescent Injuries and Violence, Pages 112-116, L. Barrios, D. Sleet


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Adolescent Vulnerability and Psychological Interventions, Pages 116-119, B.


Fischhoff
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Adolescent Work and Unemployment, Pages 119-122, J.T. Mortimer


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Adolescents: Leisure-time Activities, Pages 122-125, R.K. Silbereisen


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Adoption and Foster Care: United States, Pages 125-127, I.M. Schwartz, S. Kinnevy, T.
White
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Adorno, Theodor W (1903–69), Pages 127-132, H. Dubiel


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Adult Cognitive Development: Post-Piagetian Perspectives, Pages 132-135, F.


Blanchard-Fields
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Adult Development, Psychology of, Pages 135-139, M.E. Lachman


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Adult Education and Training: Cognitive Aspects, Pages 139-142, A. Kruse, E.


Schmitt
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Adult Mortality in the Less Developed World, Pages 142-147, I. Timæus


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Adult Psychological Development: Attachment, Pages 147-151, M. Mikulincer


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Adulthood: Dependency and Autonomy, Pages 151-153, H.-W. Wahl


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Adulthood: Developmental Tasks and Critical Life Events, Pages 153-156, S.-H.
Filipp
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Adulthood: Emotional Development, Pages 156-159, C. Magai


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Adulthood: Prosocial Behavior and Empathy, Pages 159-162, J. Dovidio


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Adverbial Clauses, Pages 162-167, B. Kortmann


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Advertising Agencies, Pages 167-172, B. Moeran


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Advertising and Advertisements, Pages 172-178, L. Scott


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Advertising, Control of, Pages 178-183, J. Boddewyn


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Advertising, Psychology of, Pages 193-199, L. von Rosenstiel, P. Neumann


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Advertising: Effects, Pages 183-188, T.C. O'Guinn


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Advertising: General, Pages 188-193, J. Sinclair


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Advocacy and Equity Planning, Pages 199-204, N. Krumholz


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Advocacy in Anthropology, Pages 204-206, L.E. Sponsel


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Aesthetic Education, Pages 206-210, R.A. Smith


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Affirmative Action Programs (India): Cultural Concerns, Pages 218-222, P.C.


Chatterji
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Affirmative Action Programs (United States): Cultural Concerns, Pages 222-226, A.


Thernstrom, S. Thernstrom
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Affirmative Action, Sociology of, Pages 226-229, C.M. Swain


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Affirmative Action: Comparative Policies and Controversies, Pages 210-214, C.D.


Cunningham
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Affirmative Action: Empirical Work on its Effectiveness, Pages 214-218, J.S. Leonard
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African Legal Systems, Pages 229-233, G.R. Woodman


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African Studies: Culture, Pages 233-236, J.I. Guyer


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African Studies: Environment, Pages 236-240, P.D. Little


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African Studies: Geography, Pages 240-244, E. Kalipeni


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African Studies: Health, Pages 244-250, J.C. Caldwell


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African Studies: History, Pages 250-255, F. Cooper


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African Studies: Politics, Pages 255-259, M.C. Young


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African Studies: Religion, Pages 259-263, J.D.Y. Peel


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Age Policy, Pages 267-271, A.-M. Guillemard


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Age Stratification, Pages 278-283, D. Dannefer


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Age Structure, Pages 283-285, G.C. Myers


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Age, Race, and Gender in Organizations, Pages 271-275, F.J. Landy


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Age, Sociology of, Pages 275-278, A. Foner, M.W. Riley


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Age: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 263-267, P. Spencer


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Agenda-setting, Pages 285-288, M. McCombs


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Agendas: Political, Pages 288-291, F.R. Baumgartner


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Aggregation: Methodology, Pages 291-295, S.M. Değirmencioğlu


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Aggression in Adulthood, Psychology of, Pages 295-299, L. Berkowitz


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Aging and Education, Pages 299-304, S.L. Willis, J.A. Margrett


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Aging and Health in Old Age, Pages 304-310, K.G. Manton


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Aging Mind: Facets and Levels of Analysis, Pages 310-317, S.-C. Li


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Aging, Theories of, Pages 317-322, K.W. Schaie


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Agnosia, Pages 322-326, D. Tranel, A.R. Damasio


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Agonistic Behavior, Pages 326-329, E.S. Barratt


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Agricultural Change Theory, Pages 329-333, G.D. Stone


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Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Pages 333-337, L. Busch


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Agriculture, Economics of, Pages 337-344, B.L. Gardner


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AIDS (Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome), Pages 344-350, L.S. Zegans


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AIDS, Geography of, Pages 350-355, R.W. Thomas


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Air Pollution, Pages 355-359, V. Smil


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Alcohol Use Among Young People, Pages 365-368, R.K. Silbereisen


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Alcohol-related Disorders, Pages 359-365, M. Soyka


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Alcoholics Anonymous, Pages 368-371, B.S. McCrady


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Alcoholism: Genetic Aspects, Pages 371-378, K.E. Browman, J.C. Crabbe


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Algorithmic Complexity, Pages 378-382, M. Li, P. Vitányi


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Algorithms, Pages 382-385, L. Martignon


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Alienation, Sociology of, Pages 388-392, F. Geyer


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Alienation: Psychosociological Tradition, Pages 385-388, M. Seeman


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Alliances and Joint Ventures: Organizational, Pages 392-397, J. Gillespie, R. Gulati


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Alliances: Political, Pages 397-401, O.R. Holsti


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Allport, Gordon W (1897–1967), Pages 401-404, T.F. Pettigrew


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Alternative and Complementary Healing Practices, Pages 404-407, A.F. Furnham


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Alternative Media, Pages 407-411, J.D.H. Downing


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Altruism and Prosocial Behavior, Sociology of, Pages 411-415, J.A. Piliavin
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Altruism and Self-interest, Pages 415-418, K.R. Monroe


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Alzheimer's Disease, Neural Basis of, Pages 425-430, H. Braak


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Alzheimer's Disease: Antidementive Drugs, Pages 418-423, M. Hofmann, C. Hock


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Alzheimer's Disease: Behavioral and Social Aspects, Pages 423-425, E. Miller


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American Revolution, The, Pages 430-434, W.P. Adams


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American Studies: Culture, Pages 434-439, J. Karaganis


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American Studies: Education, Pages 439-444, S. Brint


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American Studies: Environment, Pages 444-447, A. Schnaiberg


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American Studies: History, Pages 1-11, Takeshi Matsuda


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American Studies: Politics, Pages 447-451, A.W. Dzur, M.J. Burbank


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American Studies: Religion, Pages 451-454, M.E. Marty


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American Studies: Society, Pages 454-461, W.M. Verhoeven


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Amnesia, Pages 1-10, M. Moscovitch


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Amnesia: Transient and Psychogenic, Pages 467-471, H.J. Markowitsch


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Amygdala (Amygdaloid Complex), Pages 471-473, G.D. Petrovich


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Analysis of Variance and Generalized Linear Models, Pages 473-480, R. Christensen


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Analytic Induction, Pages 480-484, J. Katz


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Analytical Marxism, Pages 484-486, P. van Parijs


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Anaphora, Pages 486-490, Y. Huang


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Anaphora Resolution, Pages 490-494, S. Garrod


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Ancestors, Anthropology of, Pages 494-496, J. Middleton


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Androgyny, Pages 496-500, E.P. Cook


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Animal Cognition, Pages 500-505, W.A. Roberts


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Animal Rights in Research and Research Application, Pages 505-510, F. Borchard


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Anomie, Pages 510-513, P. Besnard


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Anthropology, Pages 513-519, U. Hannerz


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Anthropology and History, Pages 519-523, J.D. Faubion


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Anthropology, History of, Pages 523-529, T.H. Eriksen


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Anti-Semitism, Pages 542-549, S. Volkov


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Antidepressant Drugs, Pages 529-535, O. Benkert, A. Szegedi, M.J. Müller


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Antiquity, History of, Pages 535-542, W. Nippel


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Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence, Pages 549-553, L. Pulkkinen


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Antitrust Policy, Pages 553-560, D.L. Rubinfeld


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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, Pages 560-567, K. Wiedemann


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Anxiety and Fear, Neural Basis of, Pages 567-570, J. Radulovic, J. Spiess
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Anxiety Disorder in Children, Pages 570-576, C.L. Donovan, S.H. Spence


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Apartheid, Pages 576-579, A. Levine, J.J. Stremlau


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Apathy, Pages 579-581, S.E. Bennett


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Aphasia, Pages 581-585, D. Caplan


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Appeals: Legal, Pages 585-589, P. Carrington


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Appeasement: Political, Pages 589-592, D.W. Larson


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Appetite Regulation, Pages 592-594, T.L. Davidson


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Applied Geography, Pages 594-598, J. Frazier


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Apportionment: Political, Pages 598-601, B. Grofman


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Apprenticeship and School Learning, Pages 601-604, H. Gruber, H. Mandl


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Apprenticeship: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 604-607, R.M. Dilley


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Apraxia, Pages 607-611, G. Goldenberg


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Archaeology and Cultural/National Memory, Pages 611-614, C. Holtorf


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Archaeology and Philosophy of Science, Pages 614-617, A. Wylie


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Archaeology and the History of Languages, Pages 617-622, P. Bellwood


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Archaeology, Politics of, Pages 623-626, L. Goldstein


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Archaeometry, Pages 626-629, A. Watchman


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Architectural Psychology, Pages 629-633, D. Philip


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Architecture, Pages 633-637, M.S. Larson


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Archival Methods, Pages 637-642, J. Markoff


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Archives and Historical Databases, Pages 643-646, O. Dascher


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Archiving: Ethical Aspects, Pages 646-649, J.J. Card


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Arctic: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 649-652, P.P. Schweitzer


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Area and International Studies in the United States: Institutional Arrangements,


Pages 686-692, R.D. Lambert
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Area and International Studies in the United States: Intellectual Trends, Pages
692-699, D.L. Szanton
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Area and International Studies in the United States: Stakeholders, Pages 699-707,
G.W. Merkx
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Area and International Studies: Archaeology, Pages 653-657, K.L. Hutterer


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Area and International Studies: Cultural Studies, Pages 657-662, B. Lee


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Area and International Studies: Development in Eastern Europe, Pages 662-667,


J. Kopstein
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Area and International Studies: Development in Europe, Pages 667-671, R.


Kastoryano
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Area and International Studies: Development in South Asia, Pages 671-677, D.


Ludden
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Area and International Studies: Development in Southeast Asia, Pages 677-682, A.


Kaur
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Area and International Studies: Economics, Pages 682-686, C.D. Goodwin


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Area and International Studies: International Relations, Pages 707-711, T. Inoguchi


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Area and International Studies: Law, Pages 711-715, W.P. Alford


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Area and International Studies: Linguistics, Pages 715-719, L.A. Janda


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Area and International Studies: Political Economy, Pages 719-723, I. Robinson


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Area and International Studies: Sociology, Pages 723-729, P.G. Steinhoff


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Areal Linguistics, Pages 729-733, L. Campbell


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Arendt, Hannah (1906–75), Pages 733-737, A. Grunenberg


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Aristocracy/Nobility/Gentry, History of, Pages 737-742, A. Mączak


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Aristotelian Social Thought, Pages 742-744, B. Yack


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Aristotle (384–322 BC), Pages 744-748, M. Wörner


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Arms Control, Pages 748-751, C.D. Blacker


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Aron, Raymond (1905–83), Pages 751-754, N. Baverez


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Arousal, Neural Basis of, Pages 754-758, B.S. Kapp, M.E. Cain
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Art and Culture, Economics of, Pages 758-764, V.A. Ginsburgh


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Art History, Pages 768-773, H. Bredekamp


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Art, Sociology of, Pages 773-777, L. Deroche-Gurcel


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Art: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 764-768, N. Graburn


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Artificial and Natural Computation, Pages 777-783, A. Hoffmann


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Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Science, Pages 792-796, J. Feldman


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Artificial Intelligence: Connectionist and Symbolic Approaches, Pages 783-789, R.


Sun
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Artificial Intelligence: Genetic Programming, Pages 789-792, W. Banzhaf


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Artificial Intelligence: Search, Pages 796-798, R.E. Korf


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Artificial Intelligence: Uncertainty, Pages 799-805, K.B. Laskey, T.S. Levitt


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Artificial Neural Networks: Neurocomputation, Pages 806-811, R.M. Golden


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Artificial Social Agents, Pages 811-816, K.M. Carley


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Artisans and Guilds, History of, Pages 816-821, J. Ehmer


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Arts Funding, Pages 821-826, M. Bakke


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Asceticism, Pages 826-829, S. Abbruzzese


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Assessment and Application of Therapeutic Effectiveness, Ethical Implications


of, Pages 829-833, H. Helmchen
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Asset Pricing: Derivative Assets, Pages 833-840, S.M. Schaefer


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Asset Pricing: Emerging Markets, Pages 840-845, C.R. Harvey


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Assimilation of Immigrants, Pages 845-849, R.G. Rumbaut


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Associative Modifications of Individual Neurons, Pages 849-853, F.D. Lorenzetti, J.H.


Byrne
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Asymmetry of Body and Brain: Embryological and Twin Studies, Pages 853-859,
M. Levin
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Atomism and Holism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 859-864, M. Esfeld


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Attachment Theory: Psychological, Pages 864-868, M.H. van IJzendoorn


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Attention and Action, Pages 868-871, A.H.C. van der Heijden


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Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Pages 871-875, C.K. Whalen

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Abstract PDF (66 K)

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Neural Basis of, Pages 875-878, H.M.


Feldman
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Attention, Neural Basis of, Pages 888-894, G. di Pellegrino


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Attention: Models, Pages 878-884, C. Bundesen


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Attention: Multiple Resources, Pages 884-888, E. Siéroff


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Attitude Change: Psychological, Pages 894-899, R.E. Petty


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Attitude Formation: Function and Structure, Pages 899-905, S. Chaiken


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Attitude Measurement, Pages 905-908, N. Schwarz


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Attitudes and Behavior, Pages 909-913, A.S.R. Manstead


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Attributional Processes: Psychological, Pages 913-917, B.F. Malle


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Auctions, Pages 917-923, S. Müller


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Audience Measurement, Pages 923-926, J.G. Webster


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Audiences, Pages 926-931, A.L. Press


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Audition and Hearing, Pages 931-936, W.A. Yost


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Auditory Models, Pages 936-940, W.A. Yost


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Auditory Scene Analysis, Pages 940-942, A.S. Bregman


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Auditory Scene Analysis: Computational Models, Pages 943-946, G.J. Brown


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Auditory System, Pages 946-952, R.L. Jenison


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Australia and New Guinea, Archaeology of, Pages 952-956, J. Allen


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Australian Aborigines: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 956-960, G. Cowlishaw


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Australian Settler Society: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 960-963, A. Peace


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Authenticity, Anthropology of, Pages 963-967, R. Handler


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Authoritarian Personality: History of the Concept, Pages 967-970, F. Samelson


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Authoritarianism, Pages 970-972, S. Feldman


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Authority, Social Theories of, Pages 978-982, E. Zambrano


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Authority: Delegation, Pages 972-978, P.J. Wolf


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Autism, Neural Basis of, Pages 983-987, R.T. Schultz


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Autistic Disorder: Psychological, Pages 987-991, F. Happé


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Automaticity of Action, Psychology of, Pages 991-993, T. Wheatley, D.M. Wegner


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Automation: Organizational Studies, Pages 993-998, F. Butera


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Autonomic Classical and Operant Conditioning, Pages 998-1002, R.W. Winters, N.


Schneiderman
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Autonomous Agents, Pages 1002-1006, T. Bösser


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Autonomy at Work, Pages 1006-1009, J.M. Jermier, C.E. Michaels


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Autonomy, Philosophy of, Pages 1009-1015, N. Stoljar


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Avant-garde Art and Artists, Pages 1015-1019, D. Crane


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Aviation Safety, Psychology of, Pages 1019-1023, D.A. Wiegmann


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Avoidance Learning and Escape Learning, Pages 1023-1026, F.R. Brush


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Axiomatic Theories, Pages 1026-1032, P. Suppes


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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Baby Booms and Baby Busts in the Twentieth Century, Pages 1033-1036, D.J.
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Balance of Power, History of, Pages 1036-1039, G. van Benthem van den Bergh
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Subject index Balance of Power: Political, Pages 1039-1042, R. Jervis


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Bankruptcy, Pages 1042-1044, W.C. Whitford


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Basal Ganglia, Pages 1044-1048, M.G. Packard


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Bayesian Graphical Models and Networks, Pages 1048-1052, D. Heckerman


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Bayesian Statistics, Pages 1052-1056, H.S. Stern


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Bayesian Theory: History of Applications, Pages 1056-1060, D.A. Schum


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Beauvoir, Simone de (1908–86), Pages 1060-1064, E. Fallaize


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Behavior Analysis, Applied, Pages 1064-1069, R. Ardila


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Behavior Psychotherapy: Rational and Emotive, Pages 1072-1076, A. Ellis


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Behavior Therapy with Children, Pages 1086-1090, D. DiLillo, L. Peterson


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Behavior Therapy: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 1076-1081, L.M. Drummond


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Behavior Therapy: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 1081-1086, G.C. Davison


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Behavior, Hierarchical Organization of, Pages 1069-1072, C.R. Gallistel


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Behavioral Assessment, Pages 1090-1094, R. Fernández-Ballesteros


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Behavioral Economics, Pages 1094-1100, S. Mullainathan, R.H. Thaler


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Behavioral Genetics: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 1100-1105, R. Plomin


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Behavioral Geography, Pages 1105-1111, R.G. Golledge


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Behavioral Medicine, Pages 1111-1118, B.N. Henderson, A. Baum


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Behavioral Neuroscience, Pages 1118-1125, R.F. Thompson


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Behavioralism: Political, Pages 1125-1128, J.W. Falter


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Behaviorism, Pages 1128-1131, G.A. Kimble


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Behaviorism, History of, Pages 1131-1137, F. Parot


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Belief, Anthropology of, Pages 1137-1141, B.J. Good


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Benedict, Ruth (1887–1948), Pages 1141-1145, J.S. Modell


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Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832), Pages 1145-1151, W.L. Twining


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Bereavement, Pages 1151-1155, K. Boerner, C.B. Wortman


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Bernard, Jessie (1903–96), Pages 1155-1160, J. Lipman-Blumen


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Bernoulli, Jacob I (1654–1705), Pages 1160-1162, K. Mainzer


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Big Man, Anthropology of, Pages 1162-1165, R. Lederman


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Bilingual Education: International Perspectives, Pages 1165-1167, R. Tracy


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Bilingualism and Multilingualism, Pages 1167-1171, J. Edwards


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Bilingualism: Cognitive Aspects, Pages 1171-1175, U. Schönpflug


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Bill of Rights, Pages 1175-1178, S. Krislov


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Binding Problem, Neural Basis of, Pages 1178-1180, C. von der Malsburg
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Binet, Alfred (1857–1911), Pages 1180-1184, R.J. Sternberg, L. Jarvin


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Binocular Space Perception Models, Pages 1184-1187, J. Heller


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Bioarchaeology, Pages 1187-1190, C.S. Larsen


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Bioethics: Examples from the Life Sciences, Pages 1190-1195, F. Thiele


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Bioethics: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 1195-1201, U. Schüklenk, J. Kerin


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Biogeography, Pages 1201-1206, K. Muller-Hohenstein


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Biographical Methodology: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 1206-1210, W. Nasby


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Biography and Society, Pages 1210-1213, D. Bertaux


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Biography: Historical, Pages 1213-1217, B. Possing


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Biology's Influence on Sociology: Human Sociobiology, Pages 1217-1222, J.


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Biomedical Sciences and Technology: History and Sociology, Pages 1222-1226, A.


Cambrosio, P. Keating
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Biopsychology and Health, Pages 1226-1231, P. Netter


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Biosphere Reserves, Pages 1231-1235, J.D. Nations


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Biotechnology, Pages 1235-1240, S. Hilgartner


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Baldessarini, L. Tondo
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Birdsong and Vocal Learning during Development, Pages 1245-1252, S.W. Bottjer
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Birth, Anthropology of, Pages 1252-1255, L.F. Newman


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Bleuler, Eugen (1857–1939), Pages 1255-1258, P. Hoff


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Bloch, Marc Léopold Benjamin (1886–1944), Pages 1258-1260, P. Schöttler


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Blocking, Neural Basis of, Pages 1260-1262, I. Ordun¯a, M. Gluck


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Bloomfield, Léonard (1887–1949), Pages 1262-1266, M. Bierwisch


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Boas, Franz (1858–1942), Pages 1266-1270, G. Elwert


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Body Image and Gender, Pages 1282-1285, T.F. Heatherton


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Body, Evolution of, Pages 1274-1277, C. Ruff


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Body, History of, Pages 1277-1282, J. Tanner


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Body: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 1270-1274, T.J. Csordas


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Borderline Personality Disorder, Pages 1285-1290, O.F. Kernberg


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Borders, Anthropology of, Pages 1290-1293, H. Donnan


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Boserup, Ester (1910–99), Pages 1293-1295, G. Summerfield


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Boundaries and New Organization Forms, Pages 1296-1298, W.W. Powell


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Bounded and Costly Rationality, Pages 1298-1303, R. Radner


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Bounded Rationality, Pages 1303-1307, J. Bendor


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Bourgeoisie/Middle Classes, History of, Pages 1307-1314, H. Siegrist


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Bowlby, John (1907–90), Pages 1314-1318, J. Stevenson-Hinde, R.A. Hinde


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Brain Asymmetry, Pages 1321-1329, E. Zaidel


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Brain Damage: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Pages 1329-1332, I.H. Robertson


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Brain Development, Ontogenetic Neurobiology of, Pages 1332-1338, M.I. Posner,


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Brain Implants and Transplants, Pages 1345-1352, B.Z. Roitberg, J.H. Kordower
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Brain Stimulation Reward, Pages 1358-1362, P. Shizgal


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Brain, Evolution of, Pages 1338-1345, R. Holloway


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Brain: Response to Enrichment, Pages 1352-1358, M.C. Diamond


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Braudel, Fernand (1902–1985), Pages 1-5, M. Aymard


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British Cultural Studies, Pages 1362-1365, G. Turner


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Broadbent, Donald Eric (1926–93), Pages 1365-1368, P. Rabbitt


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Broadcasting: General, Pages 1368-1373, P. Scannell


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Broadcasting: Regulation, Pages 1373-1378, E. Skogerbø


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Buddhism, Pages 1378-1386, D.N. Gellner


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Buddhism and Gender, Pages 1386-1390, R.M. Gross


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Budgeting and Anticipatory Management, Pages 1390-1397, M. Lebas


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Budgeting: Political Science Aspects, Pages 1397-1400, J.D. Savage


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Burckhardt, Jacob (1818–97), Pages 1400-1402, W. Hardtwig


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Bureaucracy and Bureaucratization, Pages 1402-1406, M. Meyer


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Bureaucracy, Sociology of, Pages 1406-1410, M. Crozier


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Bureaucratization and Bureaucracy, History of, Pages 1410-1415, R. Torstendahl


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Burnout, Psychology of, Pages 1415-1418, C. Maslach


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Business and Society: Social Accounting, Pages 1418-1421, E.I. Marshall


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Business History, Pages 1421-1426, H. Berghoff


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Business Law, Pages 1426-1432, C.E. Bagley


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ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Campaigning: Political, Pages 1433-1435, L.S. Maisel
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Authors Campbell, Donald Thomas (1916–96), Pages 1435-1439, A.C. Gordon


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Cancer Screening, Pages 1449-1452, A.R. Aro
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Cancer-prone Personality, Type C, Pages 1439-1443, R. Fernández-Ballesteros


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Cancer: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 1443-1449, M.I. Hasenbring


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Cannibalism, Pages 1452-1454, D. Tuzin


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Capitalism, Pages 1454-1459, I.T. Berend


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Capitalism: Global, Pages 1459-1463, L. Sklair


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Cardiovascular Conditioning: Neural Substrates, Pages 1463-1466, B. Kapp


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Care and Gender, Pages 1466-1471, J. Tronto


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Career Development, Psychology of, Pages 1471-1476, A.B. Weinert


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Caregiver Burden, Pages 1476-1479, R. Schulz


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Caregiving in Old Age, Pages 1479-1481, N.L. Chappell


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Cargo Cults, Pages 1481-1484, K. Burridge


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Caribbean: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 1484-1488, M.R. Trouillot


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Cartographic Visualization, Pages 1488-1495, M.J. Kraak


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Cartography, Pages 1495-1501, J.M. Olson


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Cartography, History of, Pages 1501-1509, G.M. Lewis


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Case Study: Logic, Pages 1509-1513, A.M. Orum


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Case Study: Methods and Analysis, Pages 1513-1519, A. Bennett


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Case-oriented Research, Pages 1519-1525, C.C. Ragin


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Cassandra/Cornucopian Debate, Pages 1525-1529, B. O'Neill


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Caste, Pages 1529-1532, V. Das


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Categorization and Similarity Models, Pages 1532-1535, J.K. Kruschke


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Categorization and Similarity Models: Neuroscience Applications, Pages 1535-


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Catholicism, Pages 1538-1542, A. Hastings


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Catholicism and Gender, Pages 1542-1545, R.R. Ruether


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Cattell, Raymond Bernard (1905–98), Pages 1546-1550, J.R. Nesselroade


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Causal Counterfactuals in Social Science Research, Pages 1550-1554, P.W. Holland


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Causal Inference and Statistical Fallacies, Pages 1554-1561, D.R. Cox, N. Wermuth
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Causation (Theories and Models): Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages


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Causation: Physical, Mental, and Social, Pages 1567-1572, D. Stoljar


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Causes and Laws: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 1572-1578, H. Beebee


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Celebrity, Pages 1578-1581, J. Gamson


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Censorship and Secrecy: Legal Perspectives, Pages 1581-1588, G.T. Marx


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Censorship and Transgressive Art, Pages 1588-1592, S.C. Dubin


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Censorship in Research and Scholarship, Pages 1592-1595, R.M. Rosenzweig


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Censuses: Comparative International Aspects, Pages 1595-1599, B.A. Bailar


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Censuses: Demographic Issues, Pages 1599-1605, J.S. Passel


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Censuses: History and Methods, Pages 1605-1610, M. Anderson


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Center–Periphery Relationships, Pages 1610-1613, U. Hannerz


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Centers for Advanced Study: International/Interdisciplinary, Pages 1613-1615, P.E.


Converse
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Central Africa: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 1615-1619, R. Devisch


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Central America: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 1619-1623, C.A. Smith


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Ceramics in Archaeology, Pages 1623-1627, P.V. Kirch


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Cerebellum: Associative Learning, Pages 1627-1631, J.E. Steinmetz


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Cerebellum: Cognitive Functions, Pages 1631-1634, B. Suchan, I. Daum


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Cerebral Cortex: Organization and Function, Pages 1634-1640, A. Schüz, V.


Braitenberg
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Change: Methods of Studying, Pages 1640-1643, B. Schmitz


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Chaos Theory, Pages 1643-1646, W.A. Brock


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Characterization Theorems in Random Utility Theory, Pages 1646-1651, M. Koppen


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Charisma and Charismatic, Pages 1651-1653, B.S. Turner


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Charisma: Social Aspects of, Pages 1653-1659, S. Abbruzzese


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Chemical Sciences: History and Sociology, Pages 1659-1663, D. Knight


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Chess Expertise, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 1663-1667, F. Gobet


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Chiefdoms, Archaeology of, Pages 1667-1672, L.L. Junker


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Child Abuse, Pages 1672-1676, G. Deegener


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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Principles of, Pages 1676-1682, M.H. Schmidt, A.
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Child Care and Child Development, Pages 1682-1686, A.C. Huston


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Childbearing, Externalities of, Pages 1686-1689, R.D. Lee


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Childhood and Adolescence: Developmental Assets, Pages 1690-1697, P.L. Benson,


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Childhood Cancer: Psychological Aspects, Pages 1701-1705, F. Petermann, M. Noeker


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Childhood Depression, Pages 1705-1709, J.F. Curry


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Childhood Health, Pages 1709-1712, C. Eiser


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Childhood Sexual Abuse and Risk for Adult Psychopathology, Pages 1712-1716,
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Childhood: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 1697-1701, T.S. Weisner


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Children and the Law, Pages 1716-1720, J. Roche


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Children, Rights of: Cultural Concerns, Pages 1720-1725, M.S. Wald


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Children, Value of, Pages 1725-1729, E. Thomson


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Children's Play: Educational Function, Pages 1729-1733, K.H. Rubin


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China: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 1733-1738, P.S. Sangren


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Chinese Law, Pages 1739-1743, S.B. Lubman


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Chinese Revolutions: Twentieth Century, Pages 1743-1747, J.N. Wasserstrom


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Christian Liturgy, Pages 1747-1750, C. Pickstock


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Christian Parties: European, Pages 1750-1752, S.N. Kalyvas


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Christianity in Anglo-America and Australasia, Pages 1756-1761, W.C. Roof


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Christianity in Asia, Pages 1761-1764, M. Northcott


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Christianity in Central and South America, Pages 1764-1767, G. Benavides


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Christianity Origins: Primitive and ‘Western’ History, Pages 1770-1773, L. Woodhead


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Christianity: Evangelical, Revivalist, and Pentecostal, Pages 1752-1756, M.


Hutchinson
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Christianity: Liberal, Pages 1768-1770, L. Woodhead


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Chronic Illness, Psychosocial Coping with, Pages 1773-1779, S. Manne


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Chronic Illness: Quality of Life, Pages 1779-1782, H.M. McGee


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Chronic Pain: Models and Treatment Approaches, Pages 1782-1789, D.C. Turk
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Chronology, Stratigraphy, and Dating Methods in Archaeology, Pages 1789-1796,


S. Shackley
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Church and State: Political Science Aspects, Pages 1796-1798, J.T.S. Madeley
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Cingulate Cortex, Pages 1799-1805, L. Burhans, A. Talk, M. Gabriel


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Circadian Rhythms, Pages 1805-1808, E. Satinoff


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Cities, Images of, Pages 1822-1825, J.L. Nasar


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Cities, Internal Organization of, Pages 1825-1829, S. Wong


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Cities: Capital, Global, and World, Pages 1808-1816, S. Sassen


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Cities: Cultural Types, Pages 1817-1821, B. Hofmeister


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Cities: Internal Structure, Pages 1829-1835, E. Lichtenberger


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Cities: Post-socialist, Pages 1835-1840, G. Andrusz


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Citizen Participation, Pages 1840-1846, H.S. Baum


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Citizenship and Public Policy, Pages 1846-1852, B.S. Turner


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Citizenship, Historical Development of, Pages 1852-1857, D. Gosewinkel


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Citizenship: Political, Pages 1857-1860, R.M. Smith


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Citizenship: Sociological Aspects, Pages 1860-1862, P. Birnbaum


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Civic Culture, Pages 1862-1865, G.A. Almond


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Civil Law, Pages 1865-1869, P. Hay


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Civil Liberties and Human Rights, Pages 1869-1874, D.A. Downs


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Civil Religion, Pages 1874-1878, R.K. Fenn


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Civil Rights, Pages 1878-1883, D. Kairys


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Civil Rights Movement, The, Pages 1883-1886, A. Morris


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Civil Service, Pages 1886-1891, I. Galnoor


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Civil Society, Concept and History of, Pages 1891-1897, H. Islamoglu


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Civil Society/Public Sphere: History of the Concept, Pages 1897-1903, C. Calhoun


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Civilization, Concept and History of, Pages 1903-1909, A. Al-Azmeh


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Civilizational Analysis, History of, Pages 1909-1915, J.P. Arnason


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Civilizations, Pages 1915-1921, S.N. Eisenstadt


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Clan, Pages 1921-1924, P. Burnham


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Class Actions: Legal, Pages 1924-1927, G.C. Hazard Jr.


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Class and Law, Pages 1927-1931, H. Rottleuthner


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Class Consciousness, Pages 1931-1933, P. Ansart


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Class: Social, Pages 1933-1938, P. Saunders


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Classical (Psychometric) Test Theory, Pages 1955-1962, R. Steyer


Abstract PDF (134 K)

Classical Archaeology, Pages 1938-1942, A. Schnapp


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Classical Conditioning and Clinical Psychology, Pages 1942-1945, M.E. Bouton


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Classical Conditioning, Neural Basis of, Pages 1946-1951, J.J. Kim


Abstract PDF (430 K)

Classical Mechanics and Motor Control, Pages 1951-1955, S. Mussa-Ivaldi


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Classification and Typology (Archaeological Systematics), Pages 1962-1966, W.Y.


Adams
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Classification: Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages 1966-1973, H. Feger


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Classifiers, Linguistics of, Pages 1973-1978, C. Grinevald


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Classroom Assessment, Pages 1978-1983, P.W. Airasian


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Classroom Climate, Pages 1983-1987, B.J. Fraser


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Cleavages: Political, Pages 1987-1990, S. Fabbrini


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Climate Change and Health, Pages 1990-1995, A. Haines

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Abstract PDF (78 K)

Climate Change, Economics of, Pages 1995-1999, G.W. Yohe


Abstract PDF (106 K)

Climate Impacts, Pages 2003-2010, C. Rosenzweig


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Climate Policy: International, Pages 2011-2016, H.K. Jacobson


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Climate, History of, Pages 2000-2003, C. Pfister


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Clinical Assessment: Interview Methods, Pages 2016-2020, T.A. Widiger


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Clinical Psychology in Europe, History of, Pages 2025-2029, I. Lunt


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Clinical Psychology in North America, History of, Pages 2029-2036, K. Routh


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Clinical Psychology: Animal Models, Pages 2020-2025, S. Mineka


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Clinical Psychology: Manual-based Treatment, Pages 2036-2040, D.H. Barlow, K.A.I.


Greene
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Clinical Psychology: Validity of Judgment, Pages 2040-2043, H.N. Garb


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Clinical Treatment Outcome Research: Control and Comparison Groups, Pages


2043-2048, K.M. Carroll
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Clinical versus Actuarial Prediction, Pages 2048-2051, R.M. Dawes


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Clitics, Linguistics of, Pages 2051-2055, J.A. Nevis


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Closed and Open Systems: Organizational, Pages 2055-2058, T.G. Cummings


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Co-constructivism in Educational Theory and Practice, Pages 2058-2062, K. Reusser


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Code switching: Linguistic, Pages 2062-2065, S. Poplack


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Coeducation and Single-sex Schooling, Pages 2065-2067, H. Faulstich-Wieland


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Cognition, Distributed, Pages 2068-2072, E. Hutchins


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Cognitive Aging, Pages 2072-2075, K.W. Schaie

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Cognitive and Interpersonal Therapy: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 2075-2080, C.J.


Mace
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Cognitive Anthropology, Pages 2080-2085, J. Wassmann


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Cognitive Archaeology, Pages 2085-2089, D.S. Whitley


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Cognitive Control (Executive Functions): Role of Prefrontal Cortex, Pages 2089-


2094, J.D. Cohen
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Cognitive Development in Childhood and Adolescence, Pages 2098-2103, P.J.


Bauer, M.M. Burch
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Cognitive Development in Infancy: Neural Mechanisms, Pages 2103-2108, M.H.


Johnson
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Cognitive Development: Child Education, Pages 2094-2098, M. Bullock


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Cognitive Development: Learning and Instruction, Pages 2108-2112, F.E. Weinert


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Cognitive Dissonance, Pages 2112-2114, J. Cooper, K.M. Carlsmith


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Cognitive Functions (Normal) and Neuropsychological Deficits, Models of, Pages


2114-2120, D.C. Plaut
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Cognitive Maps, Pages 2120-2124, R. Kitchin


Abstract PDF (407 K)

Cognitive Modeling: Research Logic in Cognitive Science, Pages 2124-2128, G.


Strube
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Cognitive Neuropsychology, Methodology of, Pages 2128-2133, T. Shallice


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Cognitive Neuroscience, Pages 2133-2140, J.L. McClelland


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Cognitive Psychology: History, Pages 2140-2147, E.E. Smith


Abstract PDF (108 K)

Cognitive Psychology: Overview, Pages 2147-2154, P.A. Frensch


Abstract PDF (192 K)

Cognitive Science: History, Pages 2154-2158, W. Bechtel, A. Abrahamsen, G. Graham


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Cognitive Science: Overview, Pages 2158-2166, G. Strube


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Cognitive Science: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 2166-2171, B. Loewer


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Cognitive Styles and Learning Styles, Pages 2171-2175, S.G. Rayner


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Cognitive Theory: ACT, Pages 2175-2178, M.C. Lovett


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Cognitive Theory: SOAR, Pages 2178-2183, R.L. Lewis


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Cognitive Therapy, Pages 2183-2187, K.S. Dobson


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Cohort Analysis, Pages 2189-2194, W.M. Mason, N.H. Wolfinger


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Cold War, The, Pages 2194-2200, G. Schmidt


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Coleman, James Samuel (1926–95), Pages 2200-2204, A.B. Sørensen


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Collective Behavior, Sociology of, Pages 2204-2208, J.L. Wood


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Collective Beliefs: Sociological Explanation, Pages 2209-2212, M. Dubois


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Collective Identity and Expressive Forms, Pages 2212-2219, D.A. Snow


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Collective Memory, Anthropology of, Pages 2219-2223, U. Linke


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Collective Memory, Psychology of, Pages 2223-2227, J. Prager


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Collectivism: Cultural Concerns, Pages 2227-2232, H.C. Triandis


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Colonialism, Anthropology of, Pages 2232-2237, D. Scott


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Colonialism: Political Aspects, Pages 2237-2240, R. Hodder-Williams


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Colonization and Colonialism, History of, Pages 2240-2245, W. Reinhard


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Color Classification and Symbolism, Pages 2245-2248, A. Jacobson-Widding


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Color Terms, Linguistics of, Pages 2248-2252, P. Kay


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Color Vision, Pages 2252-2256, K.K. De Valois, R.L. De Valois


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Color Vision Theory, Pages 2256-2263, D.H. Brainard


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Combinatorial Data Analysis, Pages 2263-2267, L.J. Hubert, P. Arabie


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Commemorative Objects, Pages 2267-2272, B. Schwartz


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Commercial Banking, Pages 2272-2276, M.S. Mizruchi


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Commodity Chains, Pages 2276-2279, E.R. Hartwick


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Common Law, Pages 2279-2283, S. Roberts


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Common Sense, Anthropology of, Pages 2283-2286, M. Herzfeld


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Communalism, Pages 2286-2288, P. van der Veer


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Communes, Anthropology of, Pages 2288-2293, T.M.S. Evens


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Communication and Democracy, Pages 2293-2296, Y. Ito


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Communication and Social Psychology, Pages 2296-2299, E.T. Higgins, G.R. Semin
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Communication and Transportation, History of, Pages 2299-2304, F. Baltzarek


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Communication, Two-step Flow of, Pages 2316-2319, G. Weimann


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Communication: Electronic Networks and Publications, Pages 2304-2308, D.D.


Rusch-Feja
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Communication: Geographic Aspects, Pages 2308-2311, S.D. Brunn


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Communication: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 2311-2316, S. Schiffer


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Communicative Competence: Linguistic Aspects, Pages 2319-2323, S.H. Foster-


Cohen
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Communism, Pages 2323-2326, A. Brown


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Communism, History of, Pages 2326-2331, J. Holzer


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Communist Parties, Pages 2331-2334, R. Anderson


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Communitarianism, Sociology of, Pages 2336-2339, A. Etzioni


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Communitarianism: Political Theory, Pages 2334-2336, W. Reese-Schäfer


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Communities of Practice, Pages 2339-2342, E. Wenger


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Community Aesthetics, Pages 2342-2346, M. Maffesoli


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Community Economic Development, Pages 2346-2351, E.J. Blakely, R.J. Milano


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Community Environmental Psychology, Pages 2351-2355, C.J. Holahan, R.H. Moos


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Community Genetics, Pages 2359-2361, L.P. ten Kate


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Community Health, Pages 2361-2367, A.V. Diez Roux


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Community Organization and the Life Course, Pages 2367-2371, R.A. Settersten Jr.
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Community Power Structure, Pages 2371-2374, S.S. Fainstein


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Community Sociology, Pages 2383-2387, B.D. Jacobs


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Community Studies: Anthropological, Pages 2387-2389, D. Rabinowitz


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Community, Expression of, Pages 2355-2359, N.W. Townsend, K.V. Hansen


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Community, Social Contexts of, Pages 2374-2378, T.N. Clark


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Community/Society: History of the Concept, Pages 2378-2383, B. Stråth


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Comorbidity, Pages 2389-2393, R.C. Kessler


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Comparable Worth in Gender Studies, Pages 2393-2397, R.J. Steinberg


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Comparative History, Pages 2397-2403, H.-G. Haupt


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Comparative Method, in Evolutionary Studies, Pages 2403-2411, M. Pagel


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Comparative Neuroscience, Pages 2411-2414, T.H. Bullock


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Comparative Psychology, Pages 2414-2421, G. Gottlieb


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Comparative Research in Education: IEA Studies, Pages 2421-2427, J.P. Keeves


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Comparative Studies: Method and Design, Pages 2427-2433, D. Berg-Schlosser


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Competencies and Key Competencies: Educational Perspective, Pages 2433-


2436, F.E. Weinert
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Competitive Strategies: Organizational, Pages 2436-2440, U. Bertelè, V. Chiesa


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Compliance and Obedience: Legal, Pages 2440-2445, T.R. Tyler


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Comprehension, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 2445-2449, G. Hatano


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Compression of Morbidity, Pages 2449-2453, J.F. Fries


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Computational Approaches to Model Evaluation, Pages 2453-2457, I.J. Myung


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Computational Imagery, Pages 2457-2460, J.I. Glasgow


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Computational Neuroscience, Pages 2460-2465, T.J. Sejnowski


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Computational Psycholinguistics, Pages 2465-2470, R. Klabunde


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Computer Networking for Education, Pages 2470-2473, H. Mandl, F. Fischer


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Computer-assisted Instruction, Pages 2473-2477, J. Voogt, J. van den Akker


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Computerized Test Construction, Pages 2477-2480, W.J. van der Linden


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Computers and Society, Pages 2480-2487, W.H. Dutton


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Comte, Auguste (1798–1857), Pages 2487-2491, M. Pickering


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Concept Learning and Representation: Models, Pages 2491-2495, D.R. Shanks

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Conceptual Blending, Pages 2495-2498, G. Fauconnier


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Conceptual Change, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 2498-2501, K. Inagaki


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Conditioning and Habit Formation, Psychology of, Pages 2501-2511, D.T. Cerutti
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Conduct Disorder, Pages 2511-2516, A.E. Kazdin


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Confessions: Psychological and Forensic Aspects, Pages 2516-2521, S. Kassin


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Confidentiality and Statistical Disclosure Limitation, Pages 2521-2525, G.T. Duncan


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Configurational Analysis, Pages 2525-2531, A. von Eye


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Conflict and Conflict Resolution, Social Psychology of, Pages 2531-2534, D.G. Pruitt
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Conflict and Socioemotional Development, Pages 2535-2537, B. Laursen


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Conflict and War, Archaeology of, Pages 2537-2542, L. Keeley


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Conflict Sociology, Pages 2554-2559, C.J. Crouch


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Conflict/Consensus, Pages 2547-2550, J. Citrin


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Conflict: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 2542-2547, G. Elwert


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Conflict: Organizational, Pages 2550-2554, S. Clegg


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Conformity: Sociological Aspects, Pages 2559-2562, P. Demeulenaere


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Congress: United States, Pages 2562-2565, J.B. Gilmour


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Conjoint Analysis Applications, Pages 2565-2568, J.J. Louviere


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Connectionist Approaches, Pages 2568-2573, B.J. MacLennan


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Connectionist Models of Concept Learning, Pages 2573-2577, K. Lamberts


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Connectionist Models of Development, Pages 2577-2580, T.R. Shultz


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Connectionist Models of Language Processing, Pages 2580-2584, F. Pulvermüller


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Conscious and Unconscious Processes in Cognition, Pages 2584-2589, A.


Cleeremans
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Consciousness and Sensation: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 2589-2596, D.M.


Rosenthal
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Consciousness, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 2596-2600, N. Block


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Consciousness, Neural Basis of, Pages 2600-2604, C. Koch, F. Crick


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Conscription, Policy of, Pages 2604-2608, M. Levi


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Consensus Panels: Methodology, Pages 2609-2613, P.M. Wortman


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Consequentialism Including Utilitarianism, Pages 2613-2618, P. Pettit


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Conservation: Waterways, Pages 2618-2621, K.J. Gregory


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Conservation: Wetlands, Pages 2621-2624, M. Williams


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Conservatism: Historical Aspects, Pages 2624-2628, J.Z. Muller


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Conservatism: Theory and Contemporary Political Ideology, Pages 2628-2631, P.E.


Sigmund
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Consociationalism, Pages 2631-2633, R.B. Andeweg


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Constituent Structure: Syntactic, Pages 2633-2637, M.R. Baltin


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Constitutional Courts, Pages 2637-2641, B.-O. Bryde


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Constitutionalism, Pages 2641-2643, W.F. Murphy


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Constitutionalism, Comparative, Pages 2643-2648, H. Klug


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Constraint Satisfaction Models, Pages 2648-2651, T.R. Shultz


Abstract

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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


About this Reference Work

Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Dance, Anthropology of, Pages 3209-3212, H. Wulff
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Subject classification

Authors Darwin, Charles Robert (1809–82), Pages 3212-3218, M.T. Ghiselin


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Article titles
Darwinism, Pages 3218-3222, M. Ruse
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Darwinism: Social, Pages 3222-3225, A. Drouard


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Data Archives: International, Pages 3225-3230, R.C. Rockwell


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Data Collection: Interviewing, Pages 3230-3236, A. Hunter


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Database, Core: Linguistics and CHILDES, Pages 3236-3238, C.E. Snow


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Databases, Core: Anthropology and Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Pages
3238-3240, M. Ember
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Databases, Core: Anthropology and Museums, Pages 3240-3243, A.W. Barker


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Databases, Core: Demography and Genealogies, Pages 3243-3246, Z. Zhao


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Databases, Core: Demography and Registers, Pages 3246-3248, C. Campbell


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Databases, Core: Linguistics, Online Grammars, and Dictionaries, Pages 3248-


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3251, P. Kahrel
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Databases, Core: Political Science and Political Behavior, Pages 3251-3255, M.


Kaase
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Databases, Core: Sociology, Pages 3255-3260, R.T. Campbell


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De Finetti, Bruno (1906–85), Pages 3260-3263, B.M. Hill


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Death and Dying, Psychology of, Pages 3263-3267, A. Kruse, E. Schmitt


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Death and Dying, Sociology of, Pages 3267-3270, H. Abramovitch


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Death Penalty, Pages 3273-3278, A. Sarat


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Death, Anthropology of, Pages 3270-3273, H. Abramovitch


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Deception, Psychology of, Pages 3278-3281, A. Vrij


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Deceptive Methods: Ethical Aspects, Pages 3281-3284, J.E. Sieber


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Decision and Choice: Economic Psychology, Pages 3284-3286, S.E.G. Lea


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Decision and Choice: Paradoxes of Choice, Pages 3286-3291, M.H. Birnbaum


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Decision and Choice: Random Utility Models of Choice and Response Time,
Pages 3291-3296, H. Colonius
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Decision Biases, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 3296-3300, E. Shafir


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Decision Making (Naturalistic), Psychology of, Pages 3300-3304, J.M. Orasanu


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Decision Making, Psychology of, Pages 3309-3315, J. van der Pligt


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Decision Making: Nonrational Theories, Pages 3304-3309, G. Gigerenzer


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Decision Research: Behavioral, Pages 3318-3323, B.A. Mellers


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Decision Support Systems, Pages 3323-3327, J. Fox


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Decision Theory: Bayesian, Pages 3327-3334, G. Parmigiani


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Decision Theory: Classical, Pages 3334-3340, L.D. Brown


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Decision-making Systems: Personal and Collective, Pages 3315-3318, D.


Braybrooke
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Declarative Memory, Neural Basis of, Pages 3340-3343, S.M. Zola, L.R. Squire
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Deconstruction: Cultural Concerns, Pages 3343-3346, J. Culler


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Deductive Reasoning Systems, Pages 3346-3349, W. Bibel


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Defense Mechanisms, Pages 3355-3359, G.E. Vaillant


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Defense, Economics of, Pages 3349-3355, D.L. Brito, M.D. Intriligator


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Deforestation–Forestation, Pages 3359-3364, A. Angelsen


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Deindividuation, Psychology of, Pages 3364-3366, T. Postmes


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Deinstitutionalization, Psychiatry of, Pages 3366-3371, J. Leff


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Deixis, Pages 3371-3375, J. Bohnemeyer


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Delegation of Power: Agency Theory, Pages 3375-3377, A. Lupia


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Deliberation: Political Aspects, Pages 3377-3380, J.M. Bessette


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Delinquency, Sociology of, Pages 3380-3384, R.J. Sampson


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Demand for Labor, Pages 3384-3389, D.S. Hamermesh


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Dementia, Semantic, Pages 3401-3405, K. Patterson, J.R. Hodges


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Dementia: Overview, Pages 3389-3396, B. Reisberg


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Dementia: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 3396-3401, F.M. Reischies


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Democracy, Pages 3405-3408, R.A. Dahl


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Democracy, History of, Pages 3408-3413, J.J. Sheehan


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Democracy: Normative Theory, Pages 3413-3419, T.D. Christiano


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Democratic Party, Pages 3419-3422, H.F. Bass Jr.


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Democratic Theory, Pages 3422-3425, S. Fishkin


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Democratic Transitions, Pages 3425-3428, G.L. Munck


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Demographic Analysis: Probabilistic Approach, Pages 3428-3432, J.M. Hoem


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Demographic Data Regimes, Pages 3432-3435, M.R. Haines


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Demographic Measurement: General Issues and Measures of Fertility, Pages


3435-3442, M. Ní Bhrolcháin
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Demographic Measurement: Nuptiality, Mortality, Migration, and Growth, Pages


3442-3449, M. Ní Bhrolcháin
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Demographic Models, Pages 3449-3452, Y. Xie


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Demographic Techniques: Data Adjustment and Correction, Pages 3452-3456, H.


Booth
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Demographic Techniques: Family Reconstitution, Pages 3456-3461, E.A. Hammel


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Demographic Techniques: Indirect Estimation, Pages 3461-3464, K. Hill


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Demographic Techniques: Inverse Projection, Pages 3464-3471, R. McCaa


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Demographic Techniques: LEXIS Diagram, Pages 3472-3480, G. Calot


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Demographic Techniques: Rates of the First and Second Kind, Pages 3480-3483,
G. Calot
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Demographic Techniques: Small-area Estimates and Projections, Pages 3483-


3486, J.M. Alho
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Demographic Transition, Second, Pages 3486-3488, D.J. van de Kaa


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Demography, History of, Pages 3488-3493, S. Szreter


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Demography: Twentieth-century History, Pages 3493-3498, D. Hodgson


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Dental Health: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 3498-3501, G. Kent


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Dependency Theory, Pages 3501-3505, H.R. Sonntag


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Depression, Pages 3505-3511, F. Holsboer


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Depression, Clinical Psychology of, Pages 3511-3516, I.H. Gotlib, J. Rottenberg


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Depression, Hopelessness, Optimism, and Health, Pages 3516-3522, C.S. Carver


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Deprivation: Relative, Pages 3522-3526, M. Cherkaoui


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Desertification, Pages 3526-3529, S. Batterbury, A. Warren


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Deserts, Philosophical Concept of, Pages 3529-3535, J. Kleinig


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Design and Form: Organizational, Pages 3535-3538, I. Palmer, R. Dunford


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Determinism: Social and Economic, Pages 3538-3541, W. Schmaus


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Deterrence, Pages 3542-3544, L.V. Sigal


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Deterrence Theory: Crime, Pages 3550-3553, M.C. Stafford, S.D. Goodrum


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Deterrence: Legal Perspectives, Pages 3544-3550, D.S. Nagin


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Deutsch, Karl W (1912–92), Pages 3553-3555, M. Dogan


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Development and the State, Pages 3557-3560, P.B. Evans


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Development and Urbanization, Pages 3560-3566, D.E. Davis


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Development Theory in Geography, Pages 3599-3604, J. Glassman


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Development, Economics of, Pages 3566-3574, J.R. Behrman


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Development: Organizational, Pages 3574-3578, G. Schreyögg


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Development: Rural Development Strategies, Pages 3578-3583, A. Bebbington


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Development: Social, Pages 3583-3587, C.H. Filgueira, F. Filgueira


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Development: Social-anthropological Aspects, Pages 3587-3592, D. Brokensha


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Development: Socioeconomic Aspects, Pages 3592-3597, E. Hershberg


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Development: Sustainable Agriculture, Pages 3597-3599, D. Barkin


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Developmental Behavioral Genetics and Education, Pages 3604-3607, P. Borkenau


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Developmental Psychology, Pages 3607-3612, R.A. Dixon


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Developmental Psychopathology: Child Psychology Aspects, Pages 3612-3615, M.


Lewis
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Developmental Sciences, History of, Pages 3615-3620, R.M. Lerner


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Developmental Sport Psychology, Pages 3620-3624, M.R. Weiss


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Dewey, John (1859–1952), Pages 3624-3628, H. Schreier


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Diabetes: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 3628-3631, K. Chamberlain


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Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Pages 3631-3634, M.M. Linehan


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Dialectical Thinking, Psychology of, Pages 3634-3637, K. Peng, D. Ames


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Dialectology, Pages 3637-3642, J.K. Chambers


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Diaspora, Pages 3642-3645, R. Cohen


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Dictatorship, Pages 3645-3647, A.J. Gregor


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Dictatorship in History, Pages 3647-3654, E. Gentile


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Differential Aging, Pages 3654-3658, S. Whitbourne

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Differential Diagnosis in Psychiatry, Pages 3658-3663, R.E. Kendell


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Differentiation: Social, Pages 3663-3668, U. Schimank


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Diffusion and Random Walk Processes, Pages 3668-3673, R. Ratcliff


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Diffusion, Sociology of, Pages 3681-3684, N. Alter


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Diffusion: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 3673-3676, R. Stade


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Diffusion: Geographical Aspects, Pages 3676-3681, L.A. Brown


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Digital Computer: Impact on the Social Sciences, Pages 3684-3688, G. Gigerenzer


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Diglossia, Pages 3688-3691, A.S. Kaye


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Dimensionality of Tests: Methodology, Pages 3691-3695, J. Hattie


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Diplomacy, Pages 3695-3697, S. Brown


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Disability, Demography of, Pages 3697-3700, S. Allen, D. Hogan


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Disability, Geography of, Pages 3701-3704, V. Chouinard


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Disability: Psychological and Social Aspects, Pages 3704-3710, M. Johnston, D.


Bonetti
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Disability: Sociological Aspects, Pages 3710-3713, G.L. Albrecht


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Disasters, Coping with, Pages 3713-3718, T.Y. Schooler


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Disasters, Sociology of, Pages 3718-3721, G.A. Kreps


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Disciplines, History of, in the Social Sciences, Pages 3721-3728, B. Wittrock


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Discourse and Identity, Pages 3728-3732, F. Yus


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Discourse, Anthropology of, Pages 3732-3736, C.L. Briggs


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Discovery Learning, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 3736-3739, M. Eisenberg


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Discovery: Legal Aspects, Pages 3739-3743, S. Bundy


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Discrete Mathematics, Pages 3743-3746, F.S. Roberts


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Discrete State Models of Information Processing, Pages 3747-3751, W.H. Batchelder


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Discrimination, Pages 3751-3756, D. Malamud


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Discrimination, Economics of, Pages 3756-3762, R. Oaxaca


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Discrimination: Racial, Pages 3762-3766, T.F. Pettigrew, M.C. Taylor


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Disgust, Psychology of, Pages 3766-3769, P. Rozin


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Dispute Resolution in Economics, Pages 3769-3772, H.S. Farber


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Disputes, Social Construction and Transformation of, Pages 3772-3776, L. Mather


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Dissolution of Family in Western Nations: Cultural Concerns, Pages 3856-3861,


F.F. Furstenberg
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Distance Education, Pages 3781-3784, H. Fritsch


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Distributions, Statistical: Approximations, Pages 3784-3787, J.P. Lehoczky


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Distributions, Statistical: Special and Continuous, Pages 3787-3793, J.P. Lehoczky


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Distributions, Statistical: Special and Discrete, Pages 3793-3797, C.D. Kemp


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Diversification and Economies of Scope, Pages 3574-3578, R.A. Lowe, D.J. Teece
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Diversity and Disagreement, Pages 3801-3807, M.M. Moody-Adams


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Divorce and Children's Social Development, Pages 3807-3810, E.R. Anderson, S.


Wolchik
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Divorce and Gender, Pages 3810-3814, D. Kurz


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Divorce, Sociology of, Pages 3814-3816, J.S. Wallerstein


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Doctor–Patient Interaction: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 3816-3821, J. Weinman


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Documentary and Ethnographic Film, Pages 3821-3826, K.P. Jayasankar, A. Monteiro


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Domestic Life and Material Culture, Pages 3826-3830, T.J. Schlereth


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Domestic Violence: Sociological Perspectives, Pages 3830-3834, R.E. Dobash, R.P.


Dobash
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Dramaturgical Analysis: Sociological, Pages 3834-3836, A.P. Hare


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Dreaming, Neural Basis of, Pages 3836-3841, J.A. Hobson


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Dress and Fashion, Pages 3841-3846, R.P. Rubinstein


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Drinking, Anthropology of, Pages 3846-3849, G. Johansson


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Drug Addiction, Pages 3849-3852, A.I. Leshner


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Drug Addiction: Sociological Aspects, Pages 3852-3856, H. Bergeron


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Drug Use and Abuse: Cultural Concerns, Pages 3856-3861, G. Heyman


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Drug Use and Abuse: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 3861-3866, L.D. Johnston, P.M.
O'Malley
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Drugs and Behavior, Psychiatry of, Pages 3866-3873, R.M. Julien


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Drugs, Decriminalization of: Cultural Concerns, Pages 3797-3801, S.J. Morse


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Drugs: Illicit Use and Prevention, Pages 3877-3881, A. Uutela


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Drugs: International Aspects, Pages 3881-3885, R. Room


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Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (1868–1963), Pages 3885-3888, P. Gilroy


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Dual Task Performance, Pages 3888-3892, A.F. Sanders


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Dubos, René Jules (1901–82), Pages 3892-3894, J. Cooper


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Due Process in Law, Pages 3894-3897, S. Issacharoff


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Durkheim, Emile (1858–1917), Pages 3897-3903, S. Lukes


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Dynamic Decision Making, Pages 3903-3908, J.R. Busemeyer


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Dynamic Mapping in Geography, Pages 3908-3911, D. Dransch


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Dysexecutive Syndromes, Pages 3911-3913, A.P. Shimamura


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Dyslexia (Acquired) and Agraphia, Pages 3913-3918, M. Coltheart


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Dyslexia, Developmental, Pages 3918-3921, U. Goswami


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Dyslexia, Genetics of, Pages 3924-3927, B.F. Pennington


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Dyslexia: Diagnosis and Training, Pages 3921-3924, M.J. Snowling


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


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Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Early Childhood: Socioemotional Risks, Pages 3929-3932, D.M. Teti
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Subject classification

Authors Early Concept Learning in Children, Pages 3932-3934, J.M. Mandler


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Article titles
Early Education and Care in the World Regions, Pages 3934-3939, J. Bennett
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East Africa: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 3939-3943, W. Arens


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East Asia, Religions of, Pages 3947-3953, I. Reader


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East Asia: Environmental Issues, Pages 3943-3947, K. Tominaga


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East Asian Studies: Culture, Pages 3954-3957, E. Ohnuki-Tierney


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East Asian Studies: Economics, Pages 3957-3962, V. Chibber, D. Guthrie


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East Asian Studies: Gender, Pages 3962-3967, T.E. Barlow


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East Asian Studies: Geography, Pages 3967-3970, C.W. Pannell


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East Asian Studies: Politics, Pages 3970-3975, H. Fukui


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East Asian Studies: Society, Pages 3975-3979, G. Rozman


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Eastern European Studies: Culture, Pages 3979-3984, M.D. Kennedy


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Eastern European Studies: Economics, Pages 3984-3990, J. McHale


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Eastern European Studies: History, Pages 3990-3991, W.L. Blackwood


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Eastern European Studies: Politics, Pages 3991-3995, B. Heyns


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Eastern European Studies: Society, Pages 3995-4002, J. Szalai


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Eating Disorders, Determinants of: Genetic Aspects, Pages 4008-4013, C. Bulik, M.


Strober
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Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating


Disorder, Pages 4002-4008, M.M. Fichter
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Eclectic Psychotherapy: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 4013-4016, S.L. Garfield


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Ecological Economics, Pages 4016-4023, J. Martinez-Alier


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Ecological Fallacy, Statistics of, Pages 4023-4026, G. Firebaugh


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Ecological Imperialism, Pages 4026-4027, K.S. Zimmerer


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Ecological Inference, Pages 4027-4030, D.A. Freedman


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Ecology and Health, Pages 4030-4035, D. Stokols


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Ecology of Aging, Pages 4045-4048, H.-W. Wahl


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Ecology, Cultural, Pages 4035-4041, P.W. Porter


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Ecology, Deep, Pages 4041-4045, H. Glasser


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Ecology, Political, Pages 4053-4058, S.C. Stonich


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Ecology: Organizations, Pages 4048-4053, J.A.C. Baum


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Econometric Software, Pages 4058-4065, W.H. Greene


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Econometrics, History of, Pages 4065-4069, M.S. Morgan, D. Qin


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Economic Anthropology, Pages 4069-4073, S. Narotzky


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Economic Development and Women, Pages 4073-4078, I. Tinker


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Economic Education, Pages 4078-4084, W.E. Becker


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Economic Geography, Pages 4084-4089, E.J. Malecki


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Economic Globalization and Gender, Pages 4089-4093, J.L. Pyle


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Economic Growth: Measurement, Pages 4093-4098, D. Quah


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Economic Growth: Theory, Pages 4098-4101, B. Jovanovic


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Economic History, Pages 4102-4108, E. Aerts, H. Van der Wee


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Economic History, Quantitative: United States, Pages 4108-4114, G. Wright


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Economic Panel Data, Pages 4114-4121, C. Hsiao


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Economic Restructuring: Geographic Aspects, Pages 4122-4128, S. Pinch


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Economic Sociology, Pages 4128-4132, V.A. Zelizer


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Economic Status, Inheritance of: Education, Class, and Genetics, Pages 4132-
4141, S. Bowles, H. Gintis
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Economic Transformation: From Central Planning to Market Economy, Pages


4141-4146, Z. Cséfalvay
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Economics and Ethics, Pages 4146-4152, J. Broome


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Economics, History of, Pages 4152-4158, M. Schabas


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Economics, Philosophy of, Pages 4159-4165, D.M. Hausman


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Economics: Overview, Pages 4158-4159, O. Ashenfelter


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Ecotourism, Pages 4165-4168, E. Cater


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Ecumene, Pages 4168-4170, I. Kopytoff


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Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro (1845–1926), Pages 4170-4175, P. Newman


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Education (Higher) and Gender, Pages 4213-4217, J.A. Jacobs


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Education (Primary and Secondary Schools) and Gender, Pages 4239-4243, B.


Schneider
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Education and Economic Growth, Pages 4175-4178, D.W. Cheek


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Education and Employment, Pages 4178-4182, U. Teichler


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Education and Gender: Historical Perspectives, Pages 4183-4186, P.B. Walters


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Education and Income Distribution, Pages 4186-4189, T. Tachibanaki


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Education and Learning: Lifespan Perspectives, Pages 4189-4192, M.J.A. Howe


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Education for Gifted and Talented Children, Pages 4208-4213, J.F. Feldhusen
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Education in Old Age, Psychology of, Pages 4223-4227, A. Kruse, E. Schmitt


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Education in Psychiatry, Pages 4227-4234, H.J. Walton


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Education, Economics of, Pages 4201-4208, E.A. Hanushek


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Education, History of, Pages 4217-4223, J. Schriewer, A. Nóvoa


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Education: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 4192-4196, R. Goodman


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Education: Cultural and Religious Concepts, Pages 4197-4200, R.M. Thomas


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Education: Phenomena, Concepts, and Theories, Pages 4234-4239, J. Oelkers


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Education: Skill Training, Pages 4243-4249, R. LaLonde


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Educational (School) Counseling: United States, Pages 4323-4326, D. Brown


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Educational Assessment: Major Developments, Pages 4249-4255, F. Dochy


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Educational Evaluation: Overview, Pages 4255-4259, H. Wottawa, D. Pult


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Educational Innovation, Management of, Pages 4259-4261, R.I. Lander


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Educational Institutions and Society, Pages 4262-4266, H. Fend


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Educational Institutions, History of, Pages 4266-4272, P.M. Roeder


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Educational Leadership, Pages 4272-4276, W.L. Boyd


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Educational Learning Theory, Pages 4276-4279, A. Collins, J.G. Greeno, L.B. Resnick
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Educational Media, Pages 4279-4283, R.E. Clark


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Educational Philosophy: Contemporary Views, Pages 4283-4286, P. Smeyers


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Educational Philosophy: Historical Perspectives, Pages 4286-4292, D.C. Phillips


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Educational Planning Worldwide, Pages 4292-4296, J. Hallak, M. Poisson


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Educational Policy, Mechanisms for the Development of, Pages 4302-4306, L.M.
McDonnell
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Educational Policy: Comparative Perspective, Pages 4296-4302, A.J. Heidenheimer


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Educational Productivity, Pages 4306-4310, H.J. Walberg


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Educational Research and School Reform, Pages 4310-4316, T.N. Postlethwaite


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Educational Research for Educational Practice, Pages 4316-4323, F.E. Weinert, E. De


Corte
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Educational Sociology, Pages 4327-4333, L.J. Saha


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Educational Systems: Asia, Pages 4333-4338, K.-M. Cheng


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Educational Systems: Australia, Pages 4338-4342, J. Ainley


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Educational Systems: Europe, Pages 4342-4347, T. Husén


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Educational Systems: North America, Pages 4347-4351, G.K. LeTendre


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Efficacy: Political, Pages 4353-4356, J.L. Sullivan, E. Riedel


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Egalitarianism, Sociology of, Pages 4359-4361, R. Hardin


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Egalitarianism: Political, Pages 4356-4359, D. Miller


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Ego Development in Adulthood, Pages 4361-4365, G. Labouvie-Vief


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Ego Psychology and Psychoanalysis, Pages 4365-4369, S. Hauser


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Elaboration in Memory, Pages 4369-4374, E. Hirshman


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Electoral Geography, Pages 4374-4378, R. Johnston


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Electoral Systems, Pages 4378-4382, A. Ware


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Electrical Stimulation of the Brain, Pages 4382-4385, P.G. Shinkman


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Electroencephalography: Basic Principles and Applications, Pages 4385-4391, E.R.


John, N.S. Kline
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Electroencephalography: Clinical Applications, Pages 4391-4397, E.R. John


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Electronic Democracy, Pages 4397-4399, J. Street


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Electronic Economy: Governance Issues, Pages 4399-4405, J. Zysman, S. Weber


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Eliade, Mircea (1907–86), Pages 4406-4409, R.A. Segal


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Elias, Norbert (1897–1990), Pages 4409-4412, W. Ludwig-Mayerhofer


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Elicitation of Probabilities and Probability Distributions, Pages 4413-4417, L.J.


Wolfson
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Elites, Anthropology of, Pages 4417-4420, H. Gusterson


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Elites: Sociological Aspects, Pages 4420-4424, E. Etzioni-Halevy

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Emergent Properties, Pages 4424-4428, M. Buchmann


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Emigration: Consequences for Social Structure in the Sending Population, Pages


4428-4433, D. Lindstrom
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Emotion and Expression, Pages 4433-4437, P.E. Griffiths


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Emotion in Cognition, Pages 4440-4444, K. Oatley


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Emotion, Neural Basis of, Pages 4444-4449, E.T. Rolls


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Emotion: History of the Concept, Pages 4437-4440, G. Mandler


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Emotional Inhibition and Health, Pages 4449-4454, H.C. Traue


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Emotions and Health, Pages 4454-4459, G.D. Bishop


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Emotions, Children's Understanding of, Pages 4459-4463, C. Saarni


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Emotions, Evolution of, Pages 4463-4466, P.E. Griffiths


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Emotions, History of, Pages 4466-4472, P.N. Stearns


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Emotions, Psychological Structure of, Pages 4472-4477, K.R. Scherer


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Emotions, Sociology of, Pages 4477-4481, D.D. Franks


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Empiricism, History of, Pages 4481-4485, P. Lipton


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Employers' Associations, Pages 4485-4489, A. Martinelli


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Employment and Labor, Regulation of, Pages 4489-4493, K.V.W. Stone


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Encoding Specificity in Memory, Pages 4493-4497, M. Watkins


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Encyclopedias, Handbooks, and Dictionaries, Pages 4497-4504, A. Sica


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Endocrinology and Psychiatry, Pages 4504-4510, F. Holsboer


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Endogeneity: Methodology, Pages 4511-4513, T. Petersen


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Energy Economics, Pages 4513-4520, J.L. Sweeney


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Energy Policy: International, Pages 4524-4527, J. Goldemberg


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Energy, Geography of, Pages 4520-4523, W. Brücher


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Engineering Psychology, Pages 4527-4531, W.C. Howell


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English Revolution, The, Pages 4531-4534, P. Wende


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Enlightenment, Pages 4535-4540, G. Ricuperati


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Entertainment, Pages 4540-4545, M. Zerlang


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Entrepreneurship, Pages 4545-4552, A. Martinelli


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Entrepreneurship, Psychology of, Pages 4552-4556, M. Frese, A. Rauch


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Environment and Anthropology, Pages 4556-4560, R. Ellen


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Environment and Common Property Institutions, Pages 4560-4566, E. Ostrom


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Environment and Development, Pages 4566-4572, C.J. Barrow


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Environment Regulation: Legal Aspects, Pages 4572-4576, G. Winter


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Environmental Adaptation and Adjustments, Pages 4576-4580, S.L. Cutter, J.T.


Mitchell
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Environmental and Resource Management, Pages 4580-4585, P. Nijkamp, J.C.J.M.


van den Bergh
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Environmental Archaeology, Pages 4585-4589, S.E. van der Leeuw


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Environmental Challenges in Organizations, Pages 4590-4592, R.J. Orssatto


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Environmental Change and State Response, Pages 4592-4596, R.E. Kasperson


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Environmental Cognition, Perceptions, and Attitudes, Pages 4596-4602, B. Fischhoff


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Environmental Conservation: Ethical Concerns, Pages 4602-4607, A.K. Gupta, R.


Sinha
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Environmental Determinism, Pages 4607-4611, G.R. Lewthwaite


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Environmental Economics, Pages 4611-4617, V.K. Smith


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Environmental Health and Safety: Social Aspects, Pages 4617-4621, P. Brown


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Environmental History, Pages 4621-4627, F.-J. Brüggemeier


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Environmental Justice, Pages 4627-4633, R. Bullard


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Environmental Planning, Pages 4633-4638, J.C. Keene


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Environmental Policy, Pages 4638-4644, R. Dolzer


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Environmental Policy: Protection and Regulation, Pages 4644-4651, A. Jordan


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Environmental Psychology: Overview, Pages 4651-4655, T. Gärling


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Environmental Risk and Hazards, Pages 4655-4659, D. Liverman


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Environmental Sciences, Pages 4659-4663, C.L. Kwa


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Environmental Security, Pages 4663-4667, A.V. Whyte


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Environmental Stress and Health, Pages 4667-4671, R. Guski


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Environmental Surprise, Pages 4671-4675, S.H. Schneider


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Environmental Vulnerability, Pages 4675-4679, C. Vogel


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Environmentalism, Politics of, Pages 4685-4687, R.E. Goodin


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Environmentalism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 4679-4685, J. Thompson


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Environmentalism: Preservation and Conservation, Pages 4687-4693, A.G. Mertig,

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R.E. Dunlap
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Environments for Education, Pages 4693-4697, K. Marjoribanks


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Environments for Learning, Pages 4697-4701, H. Mandl, G. Reinmann-Rothmeier


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Epidemiology, Social, Pages 4701-4706, S.L. Syme


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Epigenetic Inheritance, Pages 4706-4710, E. Jablonka, M.J. Lamb


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Epilepsy, Pages 4710-4714, P.A. Schwartzkroin


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Episodic and Autobiographical Memory: Psychological and Neural Aspects,


Pages 4714-4717, M. Wheeler
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Equality and Inequality: Legal Aspects, Pages 4717-4722, S. Sturm


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Equality of Opportunity, Pages 4722-4724, A.F. Heath


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Equality: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 4724-4729, R.J. Arneson


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Equity, Pages 4729-4734, A.-J. Arnaud


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Ergonomics, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 4734-4736, H. Heuer


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Erikson, Erik Homburger (1902–94), Pages 4736-4739, J.E. Marcia


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Errors in Statistical Assumptions, Effects of, Pages 4739-4744, M.J. Schervish


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Estimation: Point and Interval, Pages 4744-4749, G. Casella, R.L. Berger


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Ethical Behavior, Evolution of, Pages 4749-4753, D.V. Nitecki, M.H. Nitecki
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Ethical Codes, Professional: Business Codes, Pages 4753-4756, J. Wieland


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Ethical Codes, Professional: Engineering Codes, Pages 4756-4759, C. Hubig


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Ethical Dilemmas: Research and Treatment Priorities, Pages 4759-4762, M. Betzler


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Ethical Issues in the ‘New’ Genetics, Pages 4762-4770, H.T. Greely

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Ethical Practices, Institutional Oversight, and Enforcement: United States


Perspectives, Pages 4770-4774, R.J. Levine
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Ethics and Psychiatry, Pages 4774-4779, M.N. Miller, A.R. Dyer


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Ethics and Values, Pages 4779-4786, P. Railton


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Ethics Committees in Science: European Perspectives, Pages 4786-4788, E.


Doppelfeld
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Ethics for Biomedical Research Involving Humans: International Codes, Pages


4788-4792, R.J. Levine
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Ethics in Organizations, Psychology of, Pages 4792-4796, G. Blickle


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Ethnic and Racial Social Movements, Pages 4796-4799, S. Olzak


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Ethnic Cleansing, History of, Pages 4799-4802, N.M. Naimark


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Ethnic Conflict, Geography of, Pages 4802-4806, F.W. Boal


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Ethnic Conflicts, Pages 4806-4810, R.M. Williams


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Ethnic Conflicts and Ancient Hatreds: Cultural Concerns, Pages 4810-4813, A.


Varshney
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Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity: Historical Aspects, Pages 4813-4817, W. Sollors


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Ethnic Identity, Psychology of, Pages 4821-4824, J.S. Phinney


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Ethnic Identity/Ethnicity and Archaeology, Pages 4817-4821, M. Dìaz-Andreu


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Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration, Pages 4828-4831, J.-P. Brodeur


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Ethnicity, Race, and Health, Pages 4831-4838, D.R. Williams


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Ethnicity, Sociology of, Pages 4838-4842, E. Ben-Rafael


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Ethnicity: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 4824-4828, R. Jenkins


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Ethnoarchaeology, Pages 4842-4846, W.A. Longacre


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Ethnobiology, Pages 4846-4852, P.S. Ramakrishnan


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Ethnocentrism, Pages 4852-4854, R.A. LeVine


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Ethnogenesis in Anthropology, Pages 4854-4857, M. Matsuda


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Ethnography, Pages 4857-4862, M.H. Agar


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Ethnology, Pages 4862-4865, G. Welz


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Ethnomethodology: General, Pages 4865-4870, S.E. Clayman


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Ethnonationalism: Cultural Concerns, Pages 4870-4874, C. Calhoun


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Etymology, Pages 4874-4877, W.P. Lehmann


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Eudaemonism, Pages 4877-4882, H. Friese


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Eugenics as an International Movement, Pages 4882-4889, G.E. Allen


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Eugenics as the Basis of Population Policy, Pages 4889-4896, G.E. Allen


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Eugenics in Asia, Pages 4901-4905, F. Dikötter


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Eugenics in Europe, Pages 4905-4912, C. Krimbas


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Eugenics, History of, Pages 4896-4901, D. Paul


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Europe, Archaeology of, Pages 4913-4917, P.F. Biehl


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Europe: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 4917-4923, C. Giordano


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European Integration, Pages 4923-4925, J. Peterson


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European Religion, Pages 4925-4929, G. Davie


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European Union Law, Pages 4929-4933, J. Basedow


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Euthanasia, Pages 4933-4937, D. Birnbacher


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Evans-Pritchard, Sir Edward E (1902–73), Pages 4937-4941, W. James


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Event History Analysis: Applications, Pages 4941-4946, H.-P. Blossfeld


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Event Sequence Analysis: Methods, Pages 4966-4969, A. Abbott


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Event-history Analysis in Continuous Time, Pages 4946-4956, P.K. Andersen, N.


Keiding
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Event-history Analysis: Selectivity, Pages 4956-4962, J.K. Vermunt


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Event-related/Evoked Potentials, Pages 4962-4966, M.D. Rugg


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Everyday Life, Anthropology of, Pages 4969-4972, O. Löfgren


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Evidentials in Linguistics, Pages 4972-4975, Z. Guentchéva


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Evolution and Language: Overview, Pages 4975-4982, J.H. Greenberg


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Evolution of Cognition: An Adaptationist Perspective, Pages 4996-5000, L. Fiddick,


H.C. Barrett
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Evolution, History of, Pages 4986-4992, P.J. Bowler


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Evolution, Natural and Social: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 4992-4996, B. Skyrms


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Evolution: Diffusion of Innovations, Pages 4982-4986, M. Rogers


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Evolution: Optimization, Pages 5000-5003, S.H. Orzack


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Evolution: Self-organization Theory, Pages 5003-5007, B. Goodwin


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Evolutionary Approaches in Archaeology, Pages 5007-5012, H. Neff


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Evolutionary Epistemology, Pages 5012-5017, D.L. Hull


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Evolutionary Selection, Levels of: Group versus Individual, Pages 5017-5022, D.S.
Wilson
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Evolutionary Social Psychology, Pages 5022-5024, D.T. Kenrick


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Evolutionary Theory and Education, Pages 5024-5028, D.C. Geary


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Evolutionary Theory, Structure of, Pages 5028-5033, E. Lloyd


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Evolutionism, Including Social Darwinism, Pages 5033-5038, R.C. Bannister


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Exchange in Anthropology, Pages 5039-5042, C. Gregory


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Exchange: Social, Pages 5042-5048, K.S. Cook


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Executive Branch, Government, Pages 5048-5051, W.C. Müller


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Exhaustible Resources, Economics of, Pages 5051-5058, E. Balsdon, R.T. Deacon


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Existential Social Theory, Pages 5058-5060, H. Ferguson


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Expectations, Economics of, Pages 5060-5067, G.W. Evans, S. Honkapohja


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Experiential Psychotherapy, Pages 5067-5070, L. Greenberg


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Experiment, in Science and Technology Studies, Pages 5070-5075, P. Dear


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Experimental Design: Bayesian Designs, Pages 5075-5081, M.A. Clyde


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Experimental Design: Compliance, Pages 5081-5086, A.I. Gitelman


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Experimental Design: Large-scale Social Experimentation, Pages 5086-5090, C.N.


Morris, C.W.F. Chiu
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Experimental Design: Overview, Pages 5090-5096, A.M. Dean


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Experimental Design: Randomization and Social Experiments, Pages 5096-5100,


R.F. Boruch
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Experimental Economics, Pages 5100-5108, V.L. Smith


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Experimental Laboratories: Biobehavioral, Pages 5109-5113, W. Schönpflug


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Experimental Laboratories: Social/Psychological, Pages 5113-5115, R. Gonzalez


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Experimentation in Psychology, History of, Pages 5115-5120, G.C.G.T. Dehue


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Experimenter and Subject Artifacts: Methodology, Pages 5120-5124, R.L. Rosnow


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Expert Memory, Psychology of, Pages 5124-5128, P.J. Feltovich


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Expert Systems in Cognitive Science, Pages 5128-5135, F. Schmalhofer


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Expert Systems in Medicine, Pages 5135-5139, M.W. Kattan


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Expert Testimony, Pages 5139-5141, M. Kovera


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Expert Witness and the Legal System: Psychological Aspects, Pages 5141-5145,
K.V. Heard, D. Faust
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Expertise, Acquisition of, Pages 5145-5150, H. Gruber


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Explanation-based Learning, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 5159-5162, T. de Jong


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Explanation, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 5150-5154, D.S. Krull, C.A. Anderson
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Explanation: Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages 5154-5159, H. Westmeyer


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Explanatory Style and Health, Pages 5162-5164, C. Peterson


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Exploratory Data Analysis: Multivariate Approaches (Nonparametric


Regression), Pages 5164-5169, D.L. Banks
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Exploratory Data Analysis: Univariate Methods, Pages 5169-5174, D.C. Hoaglin


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Expression and Interaction: Microfoundations of Expressive Forms, Pages 5174-


5180, Y. Ogasawara
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Expressive Forms and the Evolution of Consciousness, Pages 5180-5186, M.


Csikszentmihalyi
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Expressive Forms as Generators, Transmitters, and Transformers of Social


Power, Pages 5186-5192, F. Engelstad
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External Memory, Psychology of, Pages 5192-5195, W. Schönpflug


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External Validity, Pages 5195-5200, L.C. Leviton


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Extinction of Species, Pages 5200-5202, N. Myers


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Extraversion, Pages 5202-5205, R.E. Lucas, E. Diener


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Eye Movement, Control of (Oculomotor Control), Pages 5205-5208, P.W. Glimcher


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Eye Movements and Perception, Pages 5208-5210, D.E. Irwin


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Eye Movements in Reading, Pages 5210-5214, K. Rayner


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Eyelid Classical Conditioning, Pages 5214-5217, D. Lavond


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Eyewitness Memory: Psychological Aspects, Pages 5217-5221, J.D. Read


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


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Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Face Recognition Models, Pages 5223-5226, A.J. O'Toole, H. Abdi
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Authors Face Recognition: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 5226-5230, A. Puce
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Article titles
Facial Expressions, Pages 5230-5234, M.G. Frank
Subject index Abstract PDF (67 K)

Faction: Political, Pages 5234-5236, J.M. Hansen


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Factionalism, Pages 5236-5239, J. Boissevain


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Factor Analysis and Latent Structure, Confirmatory, Pages 5239-5244, R.O. Mueller,
G.R. Hancock
Abstract PDF (109 K)

Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: IRT and Rasch Models, Pages 5244-5249,
B.W. Junker
Abstract PDF (111 K)

Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: Overview, Pages 5249-5254, D.J. Bartholomew
Abstract PDF (98 K)

False Memories, Psychology of, Pages 5254-5259, M.K. Johnson


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Familial Studies: Genetic Inferences, Pages 5259-5265, A. Vetta, C. Capron


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Families and Households, Behavioral Demography of, Pages 5265-5271, T.K. Burch
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Families and Households, Formal Demography of, Pages 5271-5275, E. van Imhoff
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Families as Educational Settings, Pages 5275-5279, B. Kurtz-Costes


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Family and Consumer Sciences: United States, Pages 5279-5286, S.Y. Nickols
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Family and Gender, Pages 5286-5290, M. Bittman


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Family and Kinship, History of, Pages 5290-5298, T.K. Hareven


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Family and Psychiatric Illness/Family Therapy, Pages 5298-5303, J. Leff


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Family and Schooling, Pages 5303-5307, T. Kellaghan


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Family as Institution, Pages 5311-5314, L.J. Waite


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Family Bargaining, Pages 5314-5319, N. Kabeer


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Family Business, Pages 5319-5324, G. Corbetta


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Family Health, Pages 5324-5328, J. Weiss


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Family Law, Pages 5328-5332, M. Maclean


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Family Planning Programs: Development and Outcomes, Pages 5332-5336, M.


Potts
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Family Planning Programs: Feminist Perspectives, Pages 5336-5340, C. Barroso


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Family Planning Programs: Quality of Care, Pages 5340-5343, A.K. Jain


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Family Processes, Pages 5343-5347, J. Kellerhals


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Family Size Preferences, Pages 5347-5350, E. Thomson


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Family Systems and the Preferred Sex of Children, Pages 5350-5357, A. Basu, M.
Das Gupta
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Family Systems in Europe, Pages 5357-5361, D.I. Kertzer


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Family Theory and the Realities of Childbearing Behavior, Pages 5361-5367, M.


Murphy
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Family Theory: Competing Perspectives in Social Demography, Pages 5367-5373,


V.K. Oppenheimer
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Family Theory: Complementarity of Economic and Social Explanations, Pages


5373-5378, R. Lesthaeghe
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Family Theory: Economics of Childbearing, Pages 5378-5383, J. Ermisch


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Family Theory: Economics of Intergenerational Relations, Pages 5383-5387, A.


Cigno
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Family Theory: Economics of Marriage and Divorce, Pages 5387-5392, Y. Weiss


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Family Theory: Feminist–Economist Critique, Pages 5392-5397, H. Hartmann


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Family Theory: Role of Changing Values, Pages 5397-5401, G. Moors


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Family Therapy, Clinical Psychology of, Pages 5401-5406, D. le Grange


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Family, Anthropology of, Pages 5307-5311, J.S. La Fontaine


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Farmland Preservation, Pages 5406-5411, R. Alterman


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Fashion, Sociology of, Pages 5411-5415, M. Sellerberg


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Fast Food Enterprises, Pages 5415-5418, Y. Gabriel


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Fatherhood, Pages 5418-5422, S. Coltrane


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Fear Conditioning, Pages 5422-5425, H. Flor, N. Birbaumer


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Fear: Potentiation of Startle, Pages 5425-5428, M. Davis


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Fear: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 5428-5433, J.J. Kim, K.M. Myers
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Feature Representations in Cognitive Psychology, Pages 5433-5437, E. Wisniewski


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Fechnerian Psychophysics, Pages 5437-5440, E.N. Dzhafarov


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Federalism, Pages 5440-5442, A. Burris


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Female Excision: Cultural Concerns, Pages 5442-5447, L.A. Obiora


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Female Genital Mutilation, Pages 5447-5451, A. Talle


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Feminist Economics, Pages 5451-5457, D. Meulders


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Feminist Epistemology, Pages 5457-5461, H. Rose


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Feminist Ethics, Pages 5461-5464, K. Addelson


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Feminist Legal Theory, Pages 5464-5469, L. Obiora, R. Perry


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Feminist Movements, Pages 5469-5472, L.J. Rupp


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Feminist Political Ecology, Pages 5472-5475, L. Jarosz


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Feminist Political Theory and Political Science, Pages 5475-5478, J. Lovenduski


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Feminist Psychotherapy, Pages 5478-5480, M.A. Katzman


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Feminist Theology, Pages 5480-5484, S.V. Betcher


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Feminist Theory, Pages 5484-5491, R. Tong


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Feminist Theory and Women of Color, Pages 5491-5495, A. Brah


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Feminist Theory: Ecofeminist and Cultural Feminist, Pages 5495-5499, K.J. Warren
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Feminist Theory: Liberal, Pages 5499-5502, B.A. Ackerly


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Feminist Theory: Marxist and Socialist, Pages 5502-5506, S. Walby


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Feminist Theory: Postmodern, Pages 5506-5510, S. Hekman


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Feminist Theory: Psychoanalytic, Pages 5510-5513, C. Williams


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Feminist Theory: Radical Lesbian, Pages 5513-5517, W.L. Lee


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Fertility and Culture: Anthropological Insights, Pages 5517-5522, C. Bledsoe


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Fertility Change: Quantum and Tempo, Pages 5522-5525, J. Bongaarts


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Fertility Control: Eastern Europe, Pages 5525-5528, W.W. Kingkade


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Fertility Control: Overview, Pages 5528-5535, B.S. Okun


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Fertility Control: Prevalence and Consequences of Breastfeeding, Pages 5535-


5538, R.E. Jones
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Fertility of Single and Cohabiting Women, Pages 5543-5547, L.L. Wu


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Fertility Theory: Caldwell's Theory of Intergenerational Wealth Flows, Pages


5557-5561, H.S. Kaplan, J. Bock
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Fertility Theory: Embodied-capital Theory of Life History Evolution, Pages 5561-


5568, H.S. Kaplan, J. Bock
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Fertility Transition: China, Pages 5568-5572, F. Wang


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Fertility Transition: Cultural Explanations, Pages 5572-5575, S. Cotts Watkins


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Fertility Transition: East Asia, Pages 5575-5578, N.O. Tsuya


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Fertility Transition: Economic Explanations, Pages 5578-5584, T.P. Schultz


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Fertility Transition: Latin America and the Caribbean, Pages 5584-5588, G.


Rodríguez
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Fertility Transition: Middle East and North Africa, Pages 5588-5593, H.M. Yousif
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Fertility Transition: South Asia, Pages 5593-5597, J. Cleland


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Fertility Transition: Southeast Asia, Pages 5597-5602, C. Hirschman


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Fertility Trends in the Formerly Socialist Countries of Europe, Pages 5602-5605, A.


Avdeev
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Fertility: Institutional and Political Approaches, Pages 5538-5543, G. McNicoll


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Fertility: Political and Political–Economic Perspectives, Pages 5547-5554, S.


Greenhalgh
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Fertility: Proximate Determinants, Pages 5554-5557, T. Frejka


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Feud and Internal War: Legal Aspects, Pages 5605-5608, M. Cooney


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Feudalism, Pages 5608-5616, K. Schreiner


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Fiducial and Structural Statistical Inference, Pages 5616-5620, D.A.S. Fraser


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Field Observational Research in Anthropology and Sociology, Pages 5620-5625, R.


Sanjek
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Fieldwork in Social and Cultural Anthropology, Pages 5628-5632, M. Shokeid


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Fieldwork: Ethical Aspects, Pages 5625-5628, P. Marshall


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Figurative Thought and Figurative Language, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages


5632-5637, C. Cacciari
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Film and Video Industry, Pages 5637-5640, D. Gomery


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Film: Genres and Genre Theory, Pages 5640-5646, I. Bondebjerg


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Film: History, Pages 5646-5652, C. O'Brien


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Finalization in Science, Pages 5652-5655, W. van den Daele


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Finance, Geography of, Pages 5655-5657, N. Thrift


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Financial Accounting and Auditing, Pages 5657-5661, B. Colasse


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Financial Institutions in Economic Development, Pages 5661-5666, H.M. Makler


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Fine Arts, Pages 5666-5672, V.L. Zolberg


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Fire, Human Use, and Consequences, Pages 5672-5676, J. Goudsblom


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Firm Behavior, Pages 5676-5681, F.M. Scherer


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First Language Acquisition: Cross-linguistic, Pages 5681-5686, R.A. Berman


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First Past the Post, in Politics, Pages 5686-5688, G.D. Adams, W.R. Keech
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First World War, The, Pages 5688-5694, J. Winter


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Fisher, Irving (1867–1947), Pages 5694-5698, W.J. Barber


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Fisher, Ronald A (1890–1962), Pages 5698-5701, A.W.F. Edwards


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Fishing Societies, Pages 5701-5705, G. Pálsson


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Folk Religion, Pages 5708-5711, M.A. Taylor


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Folk, Indigenous, and Customary Law, Pages 5705-5708, K. von Benda-Beckmann


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Folklore, Pages 5711-5715, B. Klein


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Food in Anthropology, Pages 5715-5719, C.M. Counihan


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Food Preference, Pages 5719-5722, P. Rozin


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Food Production, Origins of, Pages 5722-5728, P.J. Watson


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Food Security, Pages 5728-5730, H.-G. Bohle


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Foreign Investment: Direct, Pages 5731-5733, S. Bagchi-Sen


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Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, Pages 5733-5737, A.K. Moeller, E. Koubek
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Foreign Policy Analysis, Pages 5737-5740, P. Trubowitz


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Forensic Psychiatry, Pages 5740-5745, J. Bradford, G. Glancy


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Forensic Psychology, Pages 5745-5750, D. Louw


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Foucault, Michel (1926–84), Pages 5750-5754, A. Szakolczai


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Fourier Analysis, Pages 5754-5760, R. Picard


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Fourth World, Pages 5760-5763, J. Beckett


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Free Will and Action, Pages 5763-5768, M.A. Smith


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Freedom of the Press, Pages 5774-5779, K.H. Youm


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Freedom/Liberty: Impact on the Social Sciences, Pages 5768-5774, P. Wagner


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Freedom: Political, Pages 5779-5785, T. O'Hagan


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French Revolution, The, Pages 5785-5789, L. Hunt


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Frequentist Inference, Pages 5789-5796, P.J. Bickel, E.L. Lehmann


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Frequentist Interpretation of Probability, Pages 5796-5798, P.J. Bickel, E.L. Lehmann


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Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939), Pages 5798-5805, C. Yorke


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Friendship, Anthropology of, Pages 5805-5808, B. Beer


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Friendship: Development in Childhood and Adolescence, Pages 5809-5812, W.W.


Hartup
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Frontiers in History, Pages 5812-5818, A.J. Rieber


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Functional Brain Imaging, Pages 5818-5822, M.E. Raichle


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Functional Data Analysis, Pages 5822-5828, J.O. Ramsay, B.W. Silverman


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Functional Equations in Behavioral and Social Sciences, Pages 5828-5833, J. Aczél,


R.D. Luce
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Functional Explanation: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 5833-5838, G. Macdonald


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Functionalism in Anthropology, Pages 5844-5847, J. Vincent


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Functionalism in Sociology, Pages 5847-5852, H. Wenzel


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Functionalism, History of, Pages 5838-5844, R. Münch


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Fundamental Rights and Constitutional Guarantees, Pages 5852-5856, M. Tushnet


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Fundamentalism (New Christian Right), Pages 5856-5858, S. Bruce


Abstract PDF (51 K)

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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


About this Reference Work

Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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General information
Gaia, Pages 5859-5860, R. Serafin
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Subject classification

Authors Galton, Sir Francis (1822–1911), Pages 5860-5863, J.C.W. Waller


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Article titles
Game Theory, Pages 5863-5868, G. Owen
Subject index Abstract PDF (96 K)

Game Theory and its Relation to Bayesian Theory, Pages 5868-5873, T. Seidenfeld
Abstract PDF (98 K)

Game Theory: Noncooperative Games, Pages 5873-5880, E. van Damme


Abstract PDF (104 K)

Gangs, Sociology of, Pages 5880-5883, J.F. Short Jr.


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Garbage Can Model of Behavior, Pages 5883-5886, C.K. Ansell


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Gastrointestinal Diseases: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 5886-5888, B. Toner


Abstract PDF (56 K)

Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855), Pages 5888-5892, R.W. Farebrother


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Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth, Pages 5892-5895, R.C. Savin-Williams, L.M.
Diamond
Abstract PDF (63 K)

Gay/Lesbian Movements, Pages 5895-5899, D. Altman


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Gellner, Ernest (1925–95), Pages 5899-5901, C.M. Hann


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Abstract PDF (53 K)

Gender and Cancer, Pages 5901-5904, B.E. Meyerowitz


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Gender and Cardiovascular Health, Pages 5904-5907, G. Weidner


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Gender and Environment, Pages 5907-5910, S. Buckingham-Hatfield


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Gender and Feminist Studies, Pages 5910-5915, P. England


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Gender and Feminist Studies in Anthropology, Pages 5915-5920, B. Aretxaga


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Gender and Feminist Studies in Economics, Pages 5920-5924, J.A. Nelson


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Gender and Feminist Studies in Geography, Pages 5924-5929, J. Monk


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Gender and Feminist Studies in History, Pages 5929-5933, N. Hewitt


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Gender and Feminist Studies in Political Science, Pages 5933-5938, C. Johnson


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Gender and Feminist Studies in Psychology, Pages 5938-5942, M. Crawford


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Gender and Feminist Studies in Sociology, Pages 5942-5948, J. Sprague


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Gender and Health Care, Pages 5948-5954, R.R. Anspach


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Gender and Language: Cultural Concerns, Pages 5954-5960, R. Wodak


Abstract PDF (85 K)

Gender and Physical Health, Pages 5960-5965, S. Arber


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Gender and Place, Pages 5965-5969, D. Spain


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Gender and Reproductive Health, Pages 5969-5972, M. Sieverding


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Gender and School Learning: Mathematics and Science, Pages 5972-5976, R.


Ambrose, E. Fennema
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Gender and Technology, Pages 5976-5979, J. Wajcman


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Gender and the Law, Pages 5980-5984, K. Plett


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Gender Differences in Personality and Social Behavior, Pages 5989-5994, J.S. Hyde
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Gender History, Pages 6006-6011, K. Canning


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Gender Identity Disorders, Pages 6011-6016, S.J. Bradley, K.J. Zucker


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Gender Ideology: Cross-cultural Aspects, Pages 6016-6020, S.U. Philips


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Gender Role Stress and Health, Pages 6027-6029, E.R. Greenglass


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Gender-related Development, Pages 6020-6027, C.L. Martin, L. Dinella


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Gender, Class, Race, and Ethnicity, Social Construction of, Pages 5984-5989, G.
Lerner
Abstract PDF (81 K)

Gender, Economics of, Pages 5995-6002, F.D. Blau


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Gender, Feminism, and Sexuality in Archaeological Studies, Pages 6002-6006, E.


Engelstad
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Genealogy in Anthropology, Pages 6029-6032, M. Bouquet


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Generalizability Theory, Pages 6032-6037, G.E. Matt


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Generalization: Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages 6037-6043, T.D. Cook


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Generation in Anthropology, Pages 6043-6046, S. Lamb


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Generations in History, Pages 6046-6050, A. Esler


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Generations, Relations Between, Pages 6053-6055, Y. Schütze


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Generations, Sociology of, Pages 6055-6061, S.N. Eisenstadt


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Generations: Political, Pages 6050-6053, P.R. Abramson


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Generative Grammar, Pages 6061-6067, M. Bierwisch


Abstract PDF (93 K)

Generative Syntax, Pages 6067-6073, R. Borsley


Abstract PDF (92 K)

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Genes and Behavior: Animal Models, Pages 6073-6084, R.J. Greenspan


Abstract PDF (375 K)

Genes and Culture, Coevolution of, Pages 6084-6087, K. Aoki


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Genes and Languages, Pages 6087-6092, A. Piazza


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Genetic Counseling: Historical, Ethical, and Practical Aspects, Pages 6092-6097, J.


Schmidtke, I. Nippert, G. Wolff
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Genetic Engineering, Pages 6097-6101, D.J. Harris


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Genetic Factors in Cognition/Intelligence, Pages 6101-6104, S.A. Petrill


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Genetic Screening for Disease-related Characteristics, Pages 6104-6108, L.P. ten


Kate, D.R.M. Timmermans
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Genetic Studies of Behavior: Methodology, Pages 6108-6116, J.J. McArdle, D.B.


Allison
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Genetic Studies of Personality, Pages 6116-6118, N.L. Pedersen


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Genetic Testing and Counseling: Educational and Professional Aspects, Pages


6119-6121, R.T. Croyle
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Genetics and Development, Pages 6121-6127, G. Gottlieb


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Genetics and Mate Choice, Pages 6127-6130, K. Aoki


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Genetics and the Media, Pages 6130-6135, D. Nelkin


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Genetics in Anthropology, Pages 6135-6141, J.H. Moore


Abstract PDF (86 K)

Genetics of Complex Traits Through the Life Cycle, Pages 6141-6148, G.E. McClearn
Abstract PDF (253 K)

Genocide: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 6148-6153, M. Stewart


Abstract PDF (81 K)

Genocide: Historical Aspects, Pages 6153-6159, G. Heinsohn


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Genotype and Phenotype, Pages 6159-6162, R.C. Lewontin


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Geoarchaeology, Pages 6162-6166, M.I. Weisler


Abstract PDF (64 K)
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Geodemographics, Pages 6166-6169, J. Goss


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Geographic Education, Pages 6169-6175, R.M. Downs


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Geographic Information Systems, Pages 6175-6182, M.F. Goodchild


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Geographic Information Systems: Critical Approaches, Pages 6182-6185, E.


Sheppard
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Geographic Learning in Children, Pages 6185-6188, D. Stea


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Geographic Thought, History of, Pages 6188-6194, P. Claval


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Geography, Pages 6194-6199, R.J. Johnston


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Geopolitics, Pages 6199-6205, S.B. Cohen


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Geriatric Psychiatry, Pages 6205-6210, S. Henderson


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Gerontological Clinical Psychology, Pages 6210-6215, A.M. Zeiss


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Gesture in Linguistics, Pages 6215-6218, S. Kita


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Ghetto, Pages 1-7, Loïc Wacquant


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Gifted and Talented Individuals: Developmental and Educational Overview,


Pages 6218-6222, F. Gagné
Abstract PDF (394 K)

Giftedness, Psychology of, Pages 6222-6227, K.A. Heller


Abstract PDF (118 K)

Global Environmental Change: Human Dimensions, Pages 6227-6232, J. Jäger


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Global Governance, Pages 6232-6237, K. Benedict


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Global History: Universal and World, Pages 6237-6244, P.K. O'Brien


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Global Population Trends, Pages 6244-6250, T. Frejka


Abstract PDF (85 K)

Global Positioning System, Pages 6250-6254, M. Salvemini


Abstract PDF (68 K)

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Globality, Pages 6254-6258, R. Robertson


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Globalization and Health, Pages 6258-6261, B.E. Chalmers


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Globalization and World Culture, Pages 6261-6266, J. Boli, F.J. Lechner


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Globalization, Anthropology of, Pages 6266-6271, A. Appadurai


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Globalization, Subsuming Pluralism, Transnational Organizations, Diaspora,


and Postmodernity, Pages 6287-6292, P. Beyer
Abstract PDF (80 K)

Globalization: Geographical Aspects, Pages 6271-6277, A. Amin


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Globalization: Legal Aspects, Pages 6277-6284, B. de Sousa Santos


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Globalization: Political Aspects, Pages 6284-6287, J. Kurth


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Goddess Worship (Old and New): Cultural Concerns, Pages 6292-6297, R.F.
McDermott
Abstract PDF (222 K)

Goffman, Erving (1921–82), Pages 6297-6301, H. Willems


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Goodness of Fit: Overview, Pages 6301-6305, S.E. Fienberg, J.B. Kadane


Abstract PDF (86 K)

Goodness-of-fit Tests and Diagnostics, Pages 6305-6310, J.C.W. Rayner, D.J. Best
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Government Lawyers, Pages 6310-6314, C.W. Clayton


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Government Statistics, Pages 6314-6321, M. Straf


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Governments, Pages 6321-6323, J. Blondel


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Grammar: Functional Approaches, Pages 6323-6330, W. Croft


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Grammatical Agreement, Pages 6330-6334, D. Wunderlich


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Grammatical Gender, Pages 6335-6340, G.G. Corbett


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Grammatical Number, Pages 6340-6342, G.G. Corbett


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Grammatical Relations, Pages 6342-6348, A.E. Kibrik


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Grammatical Voice, Pages 6348-6353, M. Polinsky


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Grammaticalization, Pages 6353-6357, P. Ramat


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Gramsci, Antonio (1891–1937), Pages 6357-6360, L. Pellicani


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Graphical Methods: Analysis, Pages 6360-6368, A. Unwin


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Graphical Methods: Presentation, Pages 6368-6379, L. Wilkinson


Abstract PDF (807 K)

Graphical Models: Overview, Pages 6379-6386, N. Wermuth, D.R. Cox


Abstract PDF (129 K)

Green Parties, Pages 6386-6389, E. Bomberg


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Green Revolution, Pages 6389-6393, D.B. Grigg


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Greening of Technology and Ecotechnology, Pages 6393-6396, U. Jørgensen


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Grounded Theory: Methodology and Theory Construction, Pages 6396-6399, K.


Charmaz
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Group Decision Making, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 6399-6403, J.A. Sniezek
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Group Decision Making, Social Psychology of, Pages 6403-6407, M.A. Hogg
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Group Processes in Organizations, Pages 6407-6413, D. Frey, F. Brodbeck


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Group Processes in the Classroom, Pages 6413-6417, A.M. O'Donnell


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Group Processes, Social Psychology of, Pages 6417-6423, M.A. Hogg


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Group Productivity, Social Psychology of, Pages 6423-6426, K.D. Williams, S.J. Karau
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Group Psychotherapy, Clinical Psychology of, Pages 6426-6430, D.R. Forsyth


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Groups in Special Environments, Pages 6430-6434, P. Suedfeld


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Groups, Sociology of, Pages 6434-6439, S. Lindenberg

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Growth Curve Analysis, Pages 6439-6445, J.J. McArdle


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Guilt, Pages 6445-6448, N. Harris, J. Braithwaite


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Gynecological Health: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 6448-6451, C. Lee


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Gypsies and Travelers, Pages 6451-6454, S.B. Gmelch


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


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General information
Habit: History of the Concept, Pages 6455-6458, C. Camic
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Subject classification

Authors Habituation, Pages 6458-6462, R. Thompson


Abstract PDF (72 K)
Article titles
Halévy, Élie (1870–1937), Pages 6462-6466, M. Hill
Subject index Abstract PDF (74 K)

Hall, Granville Stanley (1844–1924), Pages 6466-6469, L.F. Goodchild


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Hallucinations, Neural Basis of, Pages 6469-6473, R.E. Hoffman


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Harlow, Harry Frederick (1905–81), Pages 6473-6476, S.J. Suomi


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Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus(1907–92), Pages 6476-6479, N. Lacey


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Hate Crimes, Pages 6479-6482, E.M. Beck


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Hayek, Friedrich A von (1899–1992), Pages 6482-6486, V. Vanberg


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Healing, Pages 6486-6489, R. Homan


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Health and Illness: Mental Representations in Different Cultures, Pages 6489-


6491, G.D. Bishop
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Health and Mortality, Body Stature as a Measure of, Pages 6491-6495, S.E. Wilson
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Health Behavior: Psychosocial Theories, Pages 6499-6506, S. Sutton


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Health Behaviors, Pages 6506-6512, M. Conner


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Health Behaviors, Assessment of, Pages 6512-6515, B. Renner


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Health Care Delivery Services, Pages 6515-6520, M.L. Fennell


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Health Care Markets: Theory and Practice, Pages 6523-6527, D.W. Light
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Health Care Organizations: For-profit and Nonprofit, Pages 6527-6534, B.H. Gray
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Health Care Systems: Comparative, Pages 6537-6544, M. Ruggie


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Health Care Technology, Pages 6544-6550, S. Timmermans


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Health Care, Rationing of, Pages 6534-6537, D. Mechanic


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Health Care: Legal Issues, Pages 6520-6523, P.D. Jacobson


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Health Economics, Pages 6551-6557, J.P. Newhouse


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Health Education and Health Promotion, Pages 6557-6563, G. Kok


Abstract PDF (134 K)

Health in Developing Countries: Cultural Concerns, Pages 6566-6570, S.R. Benatar


Abstract PDF (92 K)

Health Insurance: Economic and Risk Aspects, Pages 6570-6576, C.G. McLaughlin,
M.E. Chernew
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Health Interventions: Community-based, Pages 6576-6581, J.W. Farquhar


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Health Outcomes, Assessment of, Pages 6581-6586, R.M. Kaplan


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Health Policy, Pages 6586-6591, E.M. Immergut


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Health Professionals, Allied, Pages 6592-6598, L.H. Aiken


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Health Promotion in Schools, Pages 6598-6602, I. Seiffge-Krenke


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Health Psychology, Pages 6602-6608, T.W. Smith


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Health Research, Qualitative, Pages 6608-6612, P. Conrad


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Health Risk Appraisal and Optimistic Bias, Pages 6612-6615, N.D. Weinstein
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Health Surveys, Pages 6619-6627, J.H. Madans


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Health, Global Budgets for, Pages 6563-6566, R. Klein


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Health: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 6495-6499, A. Kleinman, A. Petryna


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Health: Self-regulation, Pages 6615-6619, R. Schwarzer


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Hebb, Donald Olding (1904–85), Pages 6628-6630, P.M. Milner


Abstract PDF (54 K)

Hegel and the Social Sciences, Pages 6630-6636, T. Pinkard


Abstract PDF (86 K)

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831), Pages 6636-6642, M. Wildenauer


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Hegemony and Cultural Resistance, Pages 6645-6650, S. Kim


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Hegemony: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 6642-6645, D.V. Kurtz


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Heider, Fritz (1896–1988), Pages 6650-6654, B. Weiner


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Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821–94), Pages 6654-6657, D. Cahan


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Hempel, Carl Gustav (1905–97), Pages 6658-6660, G. Wolters


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Henry, Louis (1911–91), Pages 6660-6661, E. van de Walle


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Hermeneutics, History of, Pages 6661-6665, W. Outhwaite


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Hermeneutics, including Critical Theory, Pages 6665-6672, M. Dooley, R. Kearney


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Heterosexism and Homophobia, Pages 6672-6676, J. O'Brien


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Heuristics for Decision and Choice, Pages 6676-6679, P.M. Todd


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Heuristics in Social Cognition, Pages 6679-6683, F. Strack


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Hidden Curriculum in the Classroom, Pages 6683-6685, B.G. Massialas


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Hierarchical Models: Random and Fixed Effects, Pages 6685-6690, D.V. Lindley
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Hierarchies and Markets, Pages 6690-6693, O.E. Williamson


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High Performance Computing, Pages 6693-6697, A. Strey


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High School Dropout, Pages 6697-6700, O. Köller


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Higher Education, Pages 6700-6705, U. Teichler


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Hindu Law, Pages 6705-6708, L. Rocher


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Hintze, Otto (1861–1940), Pages 6708-6711, W. Neugebauer


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Hippocampus and Related Structures, Pages 6711-6718, M.P. Witter


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Historical Archaeology, Pages 6718-6720, M. Hall


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Historical Change and Human Development, Pages 6720-6725, M.J. Shanahan


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Historical Demography, Pages 6725-6731, O. Saito


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Historical Explanation, Theories of: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 6731-6737, C.B.


McCullagh
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Historical Geography, Pages 6737-6743, B. Graham


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Historical Linguistics: Numerical Methods, Pages 6743-6747, S. Embleton


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Historical Linguistics: Overview, Pages 6748-6753, A. McMahon


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Historical Sociology, Pages 6753-6757, C. Tilly


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Historicism, Pages 6757-6762, P. Rossi


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Historiography and Historical Thought: Christian Tradition, Pages 6762-6766, C.

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Historiography and Historical Thought: Classical Period (especially Greece and


Rome), Pages 6766-6771, W. Nippel
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Historiography and Historical Thought: Current Trends, Pages 6771-6776, G.G.


Iggers
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Historiography and Historical Thought: East Asia, Pages 6776-6782, M. Sato


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Historiography and Historical Thought: Indigenous Cultures in the Americas,


Pages 6782-6787, B. Riese
Abstract PDF (77 K)

Historiography and Historical Thought: Islamic Tradition, Pages 6787-6793, R.S.


Humphreys
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Historiography and Historical Thought: Jewish Tradition, Pages 6793-6798, M.


Brenner
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Historiography and Historical Thought: Modern History (Since the Eighteenth


Century), Pages 6798-6804, G.G. Iggers
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Historiography and Historical Thought: South Asia, Pages 6804-6808, T.


Raychaudhuri
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Historiography and Historical Thought: Southeast Asia, Pages 6808-6813, A. Reid


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Historiography and Historical Thought: Sub-Saharan Africa, Pages 6813-6817, M.


Diawara
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History and Literature, Pages 6817-6822, P.M. Lützeler


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History and Memory, Pages 6822-6829, A. Assmann


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History and the Social Sciences, Pages 6829-6835, W. Spohn


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History of Science, Pages 6842-6848, L. Daston


Abstract PDF (89 K)

History of Science: Constructivist Perspectives, Pages 6848-6852, I.R. Morus


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History of Technology, Pages 6852-6857, T.P. Hughes


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History, Professionalization of, Pages 6864-6869, R. Torstendahl


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History: Forms of Presentation, Discourses, and Functions, Pages 6836-6842, C.


Lorenz
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History: Overview, Pages 6857-6864, J. Rüsen


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History: Theories and Methods, Pages 6869-6876, C. Lorenz


Abstract PDF (90 K)

HIV and Fertility, Pages 6876-6880, B. Zaba, S. Gregson


Abstract PDF (79 K)

HIV Risk Interventions, Pages 6880-6882, S.C. Kalichman


Abstract PDF (51 K)

Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679), Pages 6882-6886, R. Ewin


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Holocaust, The, Pages 6887-6891, S. Friedländer


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Home in Anthropology, Pages 6891-6895, T. Hauschild


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Homelessness: United States, Pages 6895-6899, M.R. Burt


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Homosexuality and Psychiatry, Pages 6899-6904, T.S. Stein


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Honor and Shame, Pages 6904-6907, C. Stewart


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Hope and Hopelessness, Pages 6907-6909, C.R. Snyder


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Horticultural Societies, Pages 6909-6915, P. Sillitoe


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Hospitals and Health: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 6915-6921, J.A. Alexander, M.E.
Comfort
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Hotelling, Harold (1895–1973), Pages 6921-6925, I. Olkin, A.R. Sampson


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Household Archaeology, Pages 6925-6929, R. Tringham


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Household in Anthropology, Pages 6930-6934, S.J. Yanagisako


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Household Production, Pages 6934-6939, D. Ironmonger


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Housing Economics, Pages 6939-6946, R. Arnott

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Human Behavioral Ecology, Pages 6946-6951, R. Hames


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Human Capital: Educational Aspects, Pages 6951-6955, M. Woodhall


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Human Cognition, Evolution of, Pages 6955-6959, M. Tomasello


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Human Development and Health, Pages 6959-6963, L.K. George


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Human Development, Bioecological Theory of, Pages 6963-6970, U. Bronfenbrenner


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Human Development, Successful: Psychological Conceptions, Pages 6970-6974,


W. Greve
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Human Ecology, Pages 6974-6978, L. Freese


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Human Ecology: Insights on Demographic Behavior, Pages 6978-6984, P. Frisbie


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Human Evolutionary Genetics, Pages 6984-6991, J.L. Mountain


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Human Genome Diversity and its Value, Pages 6991-6995, P.P. Majumder
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Human Genome Project: German Perspective, Pages 6995-6999, J. Maurer, H.


Lehrach
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Human Genome Project: Japanese Perspective, Pages 6999-7003, T. Gojobori


Abstract PDF (160 K)

Human Resource Management, Psychology of, Pages 7003-7007, W.F. Cascio


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Human Rights in Intercultural Discourse: Cultural Concerns, Pages 7018-7025, O.


Höffe
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Human Rights, Anthropology of, Pages 7007-7012, K. Hastrup


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Human Rights, History of, Pages 7012-7018, A.De Baets


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Human Rights: Political Aspects, Pages 7025-7027, J. Donnelly


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Human Sciences: History and Sociology, Pages 7027-7031, R. Smith


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Human–Computer Interaction, Pages 7031-7035, J. May


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Human–Computer Interface, Pages 7035-7038, S. Turkle


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Human–Environment Relationship: Carrying Capacity, Pages 7038-7039, M.E.


Geores
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Human–Environment Relationship: Comparative Case Studies, Pages 7039-7045,


C.G. Knight
Abstract PDF (126 K)

Human–Environment Relationship: Indicators, Pages 7045-7050, K.N. Lee


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Human–Environment Relationship: Prehistoric, Pages 7050-7056, K.W. Butzer


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Human–Environment Relationships, Pages 7056-7062, W.B. Meyer


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Humanistic Geography, Pages 7062-7067, A. Buttimer


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835), Pages 7067-7071, J. Trabant


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Hume, David (1711–76), Pages 7071-7074, J.P. Wright


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Hunger and Eating, Neural Basis of, Pages 7074-7078, E.M. Stricker
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Hunter–Gatherer Societies, Archaeology of, Pages 7078-7082, H. Lourandos


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Hunting and Gathering Societies in Anthropology, Pages 7082-7086, N. Bird-David


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Hurst, James Willard (1910–97), Pages 7086-7088, A. Soifer


Abstract PDF (55 K)

Husserl, Edmund (1859–1938), Pages 7088-7092, C. Thiel


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Hutterite Demography, Pages 7092-7095, D.L. Anderton


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Hybridity, Pages 7095-7098, N. García-Canclini


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Hypertension: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 7098-7101, D. Shapiro


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Hypnosis, Neural Basis of, Pages 7101-7105, R.A. Karlin, E. Orne


Abstract PDF (68 K)

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Hypnosis, Psychiatry of, Pages 7105-7109, N.A. Covino


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis, Psychobiology of, Pages 7109-7113, S. Levine


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Hypothalamus, Pages 7113-7118, J. Hennig


Abstract PDF (142 K)

Hypothesis Testing in Statistics, Pages 7118-7121, G. Casella, R.L. Berger


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Hypothesis Testing: Methodology and Limitations, Pages 7121-7127, T.A.B. Snijders


Abstract PDF (96 K)

Hypothesis Tests, Multiplicity of, Pages 7127-7133, L.V. Jones, C. Lewis, J.W. Tukey
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Hysteria, Pages 7133-7138, R.E. Kendell


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ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

General information
Ideal Type: Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages 7139-7142, T. Burger
Abstract PDF (60 K)
Subject classification

Authors Idealization, Abstraction, and Ideal Types, Pages 7142-7148, S. Clarke


Abstract PDF (82 K)
Article titles
Identity and Identification: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 7148-7154, A. Bilgrami
Subject index Abstract PDF (82 K)

Identity in Anthropology, Pages 7154-7159, T.M. Luhrmann


Abstract PDF (97 K)

Identity in Childhood and Adolescence, Pages 7159-7163, J.E. Marcia


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Identity Movements, Pages 7163-7166, S. Langlois


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Identity: Social, Pages 7166-7170, R. Hardin


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Ideology, Sociology of, Pages 7177-7182, M. Dubois


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Ideology: History of the Concept, Pages 7170-7174, J.B. Thompson


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Ideology: Political Aspects, Pages 7174-7177, M. Freeden


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Illiteracy, Sociology of, Pages 7182-7185, R. Girod


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Illness Behavior and Care Seeking, Pages 7185-7190, H. Leventhal


Abstract PDF (75 K)
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Illness: Dyadic and Collective Coping, Pages 7190-7193, G. Bodenmann


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Imagery versus Propositional Reasoning, Pages 7193-7197, S.J. Stose, S.M. Kosslyn
Abstract PDF (69 K)

Imagination: History of the Concept, Pages 7197-7201, H. Friese


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Immigrant Fertility, Pages 7201-7205, C.G. Swicegood, F.D. Bean


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Immigrants: Economic Performance, Pages 7205-7208, J.P. Smith


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Immigration, Pages 7208-7211, C. Joppke


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Immigration and Migration: Cultural Concerns, Pages 7211-7217, M.M. Suárez-Orozco


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Immigration: Consequences for Fiscal Developments in the Receiving


Population, Pages 7217-7220, R.D. Lee
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Immigration: Public Policy, Pages 7221-7226, C. Hirschman


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Imperialism, History of, Pages 7226-7232, H.L. Wesseling


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Imperialism: Political Aspects, Pages 7232-7234, D.A. Lake


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Implementation: Political, Pages 7234-7237, E. Bardach


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Implicit Learning and Memory: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 7237-
7241, T. Curran, D.L. Schacter
Abstract PDF (67 K)

Implicit Memory, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 7241-7245, W.J. Perrig


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Impression Management, Psychology of, Pages 7245-7248, M.R. Leary


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Imprisonment: Sociological Aspects, Pages 7248-7251, N. Christie


Abstract PDF (127 K)

In Vitro Neurophysiology, Pages 7251-7254, T.J. Teyler


Abstract PDF (179 K)

Incest Prohibition, Origin and Evolution of, Pages 7259-7262, A.P. Wolf
Abstract PDF (65 K)

Incest, Inbreeding, and their Consequences, Pages 7254-7259, A.H. Bittles


Abstract PDF (86 K)

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Incidental versus Intentional Memory, Pages 7262-7265, T. Mäntylä


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Income Distribution, Pages 7265-7271, A.B. Atkinson, F. Bourguignon


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Income Distribution: Demographic Aspects, Pages 7271-7273, D. Lam


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Income Taxes, Pages 7273-7279, A. Sandmo


Abstract PDF (81 K)

India, Religions of, Pages 7279-7282, P. van der Veer


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Indicator: Methodology, Pages 7282-7287, K.A. Bollen


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Indigenous Conceptions of Aging, Pages 7287-7289, P. Dave


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Indigenous Knowledge and Technology, Pages 7289-7292, A. Bebbington


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Indigenous Knowledge: Science and Technology Studies, Pages 7292-7297, K.S.


Philip
Abstract PDF (77 K)

Indigenous View on Human Development: West African Perspective, Pages 7297-


7299, A.B. Nsamenang
Abstract PDF (55 K)

Individual Identities in Organizations, Pages 7299-7306, W.R. Nord


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Individual/Society: History of the Concept, Pages 7306-7310, R. Harré


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Individualism versus Collectivism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 7310-7316, P. Pettit


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Cross-cultural, Pages 7316-7320, H.C.


Triandis
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Industrial Ecology, Pages 7320-7326, F. den Hond


Abstract PDF (130 K)

Industrial Geography, Pages 7326-7331, A.K. Glasmeier


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Industrial Metabolism, Pages 7331-7333, K. Wernick


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Industrial Policy, Pages 7333-7338, M.J. Piore


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Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining, Pages 7338-7344, P.K. Edwards


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Industrial Society/Post-industrial Society: History of the Concept, Pages 7347-


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Industrial Sociology, Pages 7351-7356, I. Berg


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Industrialization, Pages 7356-7360, R. Biernacki


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Industrialization, Typologies and History of, Pages 7360-7367, P.K. O'Brien


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Industrial–Organizational Psychology: Science and Practice, Pages 7367-7371, K.


Kraiger
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Inequality, Pages 7371-7377, L. Osberg


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Inequality: Comparative Aspects, Pages 7377-7382, G.D. Berreman


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Infancy and Childhood: Emotional Development, Pages 7382-7387, R.A. Thompson


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Infant and Child Development, Theories of, Pages 7387-7393, R.M. Lerner
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Infant and Child Mortality in Industrialized Countries, Pages 7398-7404, A. Monnier


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Infant and Child Mortality in the Less Developed World, Pages 7404-7410, M.
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Infant and Child Mortality: Central and Eastern Europe, Pages 7393-7398, J.
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Infant Development: Physical and Social Cognition, Pages 7410-7414, T. Striano, M.


Tomasello
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Infant Education, Pages 7414-7419, K. Kreppner


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Infanticide and Induced Abortion, Pages 7419-7422, J.A. Klerman


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Infectious Diseases: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 7422-7427, A. Steptoe


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Inferences in Discourse, Psychology of, Pages 7427-7432, W. Vonk, L.G.M. Noordman


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Inferences, Psychology of, Pages 7432-7435, J.M. Keenan


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Infertility: Demographic Aspects, Pages 7435-7439, J. Menken, U. Larsen


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Influence: Social, Pages 7439-7441, Y. Ito


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Informal and Underground Economics, Pages 7441-7446, B.S. Frey, F. Schneider


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Informal Reasoning, Psychology of, Pages 7446-7450, J.F. Voss


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Informal Sector, Pages 7450-7453, K.T. Hansen


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Information and Knowledge: Organizational, Pages 7453-7456, W.H. Starbuck, P.


Porrini
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Information Processing and Psychopathology, Pages 7456-7460, I.H. Gotlib


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Information Processing Architectures: Fundamental Issues, Pages 7460-7464, J.T.


Townsend
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Information Society, Pages 7464-7468, F. Webster


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Information Society, Geography of, Pages 7469-7473, E. Sheppard


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Information Technology, Pages 7473-7476, M. Grauer


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Information Theory, Pages 7476-7480, L. Martignon


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Information, Economics of, Pages 7480-7486, S.S. Lippman, J.J. McCall


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Infrastructure Investment, Pages 7486-7489, D.C. Perry


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Infrastructure: Social/Behavioral Research (Japan and Korea), Pages 7489-7493,


T. Inoguchi
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Infrastructure: Social/Behavioral Research (Latin America), Pages 7493-7499, H.


Vessuri
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Infrastructure: Social/Behavioral Research (Russia), Pages 7499-7503, V.


Nemchinov
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Infrastructure: Social/Behavioral Research (United States), Pages 7503-7511, D.L.


Featherman
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Infrastructure: Social/Behavioral Research (Western Europe), Pages 7511-7517, F.


Neidhardt, G. Thurn
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Injuries and Accidents: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 7517-7521, M.C. Roberts


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Injustice: Legal Aspects, Pages 7521-7526, A. Sarat


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Innovation and Technological Change, Economics of, Pages 7530-7536, F.M.


Scherer
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Innovation, Theory of, Pages 7540-7543, E.M. Rogers


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Innovation: Organizational, Pages 7536-7540, T. Rura-Polley


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Institutional Economic Thought, Pages 7543-7550, G.M. Hodgson


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Institutional Investors, Pages 7550-7554, M. Lounsbury


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Institutionalism, Pages 7554-7558, S. Steinmo


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Institutionalization, Pages 7558-7561, D.W. Brady


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Institutions, Pages 7561-7566, T.R. Voss


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Instructional Design, Pages 7566-7569, F. Schott


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Instructional Psychology, Pages 7569-7573, E. De Corte


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Instructional Technology: Cognitive Science Perspectives, Pages 7573-7577, K.


Opwis
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Instrumental Variables in Statistics and Econometrics, Pages 7577-7582, J.H. Stock


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Insurance, Pages 7582-7587, C. Gollier


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Insurance and the Law, Pages 7587-7591, T. Baker


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Integration: Social, Pages 7591-7596, R. Münch


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Integrative Assessment in Environmental Studies, Pages 7596-7600, J. Rotmans


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Intellectual Functioning, Assessment of, Pages 7600-7605, L. Atkinson


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Intellectual History, Pages 7605-7612, F. Oz-Salzberger


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Intellectual Property Rights: Ethical Aspects, Pages 7621-7624, J. Straus


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Intellectual Property, Concepts of, Pages 7612-7615, A. Webster


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Intellectual Property: Legal Aspects, Pages 7615-7621, P.S. Menell


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Intellectual Transfer in the Social Sciences, Pages 7624-7627, C. Turner


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Intellectuals, Sociology of, Pages 7631-7635, R.J. Brym


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Intellectuals: History of the Concept, Pages 7627-7631, C. Charle


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Intelligence, Evolution of, Pages 7641-7645, H. Plotkin


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Intelligence, Genetics of: Cognitive Abilities, Pages 7645-7651, R. Plomin


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Intelligence, Genetics of: Heritability and Causation, Pages 7651-7658, S.P. Otto
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Intelligence, Prior Knowledge, and Learning, Pages 7670-7674, E. Stern


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Intelligence: Central Conceptions and Psychometric Models, Pages 7635-7641, S.-


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Intelligence: Historical and Conceptual Perspectives, Pages 7658-7663, E. Hunt


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Intelligence: History of the Concept, Pages 7663-7665, J. Carson


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Intelligence: Organizational, Pages 7665-7670, S.R. Clegg, T.F. Clarke


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Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Pages 7674-7678, P. Sedlmeier


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Intensification and Specialization, Archaeology of, Pages 7678-7681, K.D. Morrison


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Intentionality and Rationality: A Continental-European Perspective, Pages 7681-

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Intentionality and Rationality: An Analytic Perspective, Pages 7685-7691, D.


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Interactionism and Personality, Pages 7691-7695, D. Magnusson


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Interactionism: Symbolic, Pages 7695-7698, D.A. Snow


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Interdependence: Political, Pages 7698-7700, E.D. Mansfield


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Interest Groups, Pages 7700-7703, K.L. Schlozman


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Interest Groups, History of, Pages 7703-7708, H.-J. Puhle


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Interest, Psychology of, Pages 7712-7715, S. Hidi


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Interest: History of the Concept, Pages 7708-7712, J. Heilbron


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Interests, Sociological Analysis of, Pages 7715-7718, P. Demeulenaere


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Interference and Inhibition, Psychology of, Pages 7718-7722, O. Houdé


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Intergenerational Justice, Pages 7722-7727, P.J. Kelly


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Intergroup Relations, Social Psychology of, Pages 7728-7733, M.B. Brewer


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Internal Migration (Further Types): Industrialized Countries, Pages 7737-7741, M.J.


Greenwood
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Internal Migration (Rural–Urban): Industrialized Countries, Pages 7741-7749, P.


Rees
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Internal Migration: Developing Countries, Pages 7733-7737, D.J. Hogan, J.M. Pinto da
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Internal Validity, Pages 7749-7752, M.M. Mark, C.S. Reichardt


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Internal Warfare: Civil War, Insurgency, and Regional Conflict, Pages 7752-7755,
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International Advertising, Pages 7755-7759, S.P. Douglas, C.S. Craig


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International and Transboundary Accords, Environmental, Pages 7759-7765, M.J.


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International Arbitration, Pages 7765-7768, B. Garth


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International Business, Pages 7768-7771, M.F. Guillén


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International Communication: History, Pages 7771-7775, D.R. Headrick


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International Communication: Regulation, Pages 7775-7780, M. Raboy


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International Justice: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 7780-7786, R.W. Miller


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International Law and Treaties, Pages 7786-7790, M.W. Janis


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International Marketing, Pages 7790-7794, J.-C. Usunier


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International Migration by Ethnic Chinese, Pages 7794-7799, E. Ma Mung


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International Migration by Ethnic Germans, Pages 7799-7804, R. Münz


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International Migration by Ethnic Russians, Pages 7804-7807, Z.A. Zaionchkovskaya,


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International Migration by Ethnic South and Southeast Asians, Pages 7807-7814,


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International Migration: Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East, Pages 7814-
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International Organization, Pages 7819-7824, E. Haas


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International Relations, History of, Pages 7824-7829, A.L. Cervo


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International Relations: Theories, Pages 7829-7832, P. Gourevitch


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International Research: Programs and Databases, Pages 7832-7834, R.B. Miller


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International Science: Organizations and Associations, Pages 7834-7837, H.K.


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International Trade: Economic Integration, Pages 7843-7848, A. Venables


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International Trade: Geographic Aspects, Pages 7848-7852, J.E. McConnell


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Internet: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 7852-7855, E.H. Shortliffe, V.L. Patel


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Interorganizational Relationships and Networks, Pages 7855-7860, M. Ebers


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Interpersonal Attraction, Psychology of, Pages 7860-7862, A. Aron, G. Lewandowski


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Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Pages 7863-7866, D.E. Wilfley


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Interpersonal Trust across the Lifespan, Pages 7866-7868, K.J. Rotenberg


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Interpretation and Translation: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 7868-7874, C. Hookway


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Interpretation in Anthropology, Pages 7874-7878, J. Fabian


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Interpretive Methods: Macromethods, Pages 7878-7881, R. Stryker


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Interpretive Methods: Micromethods, Pages 7881-7885, N.K. Denzin


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Intrinsic Motivation, Psychology of, Pages 7886-7888, E.L. Deci, R.M. Ryan
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Introspection: History of the Concept, Pages 7888-7891, K. Danziger


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Invariance in Statistics, Pages 7893-7897, M.L. Eaton


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Ion Channels and Molecular Events in Neuronal Activity, Pages 7897-7903, J.P.
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IPAT (Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology), Pages 7903-7906, G.


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Irrationality: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 7906-7910, R. Samuels, S. Stich


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Irrigation Societies, Pages 7910-7913, J.S. Lansing


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Islam: Asia, Pages 7916-7920, M.R. Woodward


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Islam: Middle East, Pages 7920-7927, C. Lindholm


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Islam: Sub-Saharan Africa, Pages 7927-7931, P.B. Clarke


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Islamic Fundamentalism, Pages 7931-7934, A. Al-Azmeh


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Issue Constraint in Political Science, Pages 7934-7937, S. Ansolabehere


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Issue Evolution in Political Science, Pages 7937-7940, E.G. Carmines


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Issue Networks: Iron Triangles, Subgovernments, and Policy Communities,


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Jewish Diaspora, Pages 7963-7969, S. DellaPergola


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Jewish Law, Pages 7969-7973, H. Ben-Menahem


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Job Analysis and Work Roles, Psychology of, Pages 7973-7977, H. Dunckel
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Journalism, Pages 7995-8000, D.C. Hallin


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Journalism and Journalists, Pages 8000-8004, S. Splichal


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Judaism, Pages 8004-8010, J. Neusner


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Justice: Political, Pages 8061-8063, B. Yack


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Kindling, Neural Basis of, Pages 8094-8098, S. Schreiber


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Kinship in Anthropology, Pages 8098-8105, J. Overing


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Kinship Terminology, Pages 8105-8111, N. Evans


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Labor Movements, History of, Pages 8194-8199, L. Olsson


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Labor Supply, Pages 8205-8214, J. Pencavel


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Labor Unions, Pages 8214-8220, W. Streeck


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Labor, Division of, Pages 8220-8226, W. Littek


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Laboratory Experiment: Methodology, Pages 8226-8232, J. Bredenkamp


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Laboratory Studies: Historical Perspectives, Pages 8232-8238, K. Knorr Cetina


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Laicization, History of, Pages 8238-8242, J. Baubérot


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Land Degradation, Pages 8242-8247, M.A. Stocking


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Abstract PDF (328 K)

Land Information System, Pages 1-6, J.R. Quintero


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Land Reclamation, Pages 8247-8251, A.S. Goudie


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Land Rights and Gender, Pages 8251-8256, B. Agarwal


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Land Tenure, Pages 8256-8261, P. Shipton


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Land Use and Cover Change, Pages 8262-8265, W.J. McConnell


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Landsat Imagery in Geography, Pages 8265-8270, J. Townshend


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Landscape Architecture, Pages 8270-8275, F. Steiner


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Language Acquisition, Pages 8275-8280, B.J. MacWhinney


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Language and Animal Competencies, Pages 8281-8285, D.M. Rumbaugh, E.S. Savage-
Rumbaugh
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Language and Ethnicity, Pages 8285-8288, G. Schlee


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Language and Gender, Pages 8288-8292, J. Coates


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Language and Literature, Pages 8292-8297, N. Fabb


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Language and Philosophy, Pages 8297-8303, P.A.M. Seuren


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Language and Poetic Structure, Pages 8303-8308, K. Hanson


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Language and Social Class, Pages 8308-8312, S. Romaine


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Language and Social Inferences, Pages 8312-8315, G.R. Semin


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Language and Society: Cultural Concerns, Pages 8315-8320, C. Goddard, A.


Wierzbicka
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Language and Thought: The Modern Whorfian Hypothesis, Pages 8320-8325, E.


Hunt
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Language Contact, Pages 8325-8329, S.G. Thomason


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Language Development, Neural Basis of, Pages 8344-8349, H.M. Feldman


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Language Endangerment, Pages 8349-8353, T. Tsunoda


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Language Learning Impairment, Pages 8353-8357, P. Tallal


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Language Obsolescence, Pages 8357-8361, N.C. Dorian


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Language Policy: Linguistic Perspectives, Pages 8361-8365, J.A. Fishman


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Language Policy: Public Policy Perspectives, Pages 8365-8373, A.R. Zolberg


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Language, Continental Philosophy of, Pages 8329-8336, C. Lafont


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Language: Dependency, Pages 8336-8344, I. Mel'čuk


Abstract PDF (231 K)

Languages: Genetic Classification, Pages 8373-8378, M. Ruhlen


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Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Marquis de (1749–1827), Pages 8378-8382, B. Bru


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Large Data Sets in Statistical Computing, Pages 8382-8386, W.F. Eddy


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Large-scale Social Survey, Analysis of, Pages 8386-8392, E. Zanutto, A. Gelman


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Lashley, Karl Spencer (1890–1958), Pages 8392-8394, R.F. Thompson


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Latent Structure and Causal Variables, Pages 8395-8400, P. Spirtes


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Latin American Studies: Economics, Pages 8400-8405, V. Bulmer-Thomas


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Latin American Studies: Education, Pages 8405-8409, D. Post, D. Levy


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Latin American Studies: Gender, Pages 8409-8413, K.A. Staudt


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Latin American Studies: Geography, Pages 8413-8417, G.W. Knapp


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Latin American Studies: Health, Pages 8417-8421, K. Macintyre


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Latin American Studies: Politics, Pages 8421-8425, P.W. Drake, L. Hilbink


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Latin American Studies: Religion, Pages 8426-8430, H.W. Stewart-Gambino


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Latin American Studies: Society, Pages 8430-8436, F. Filgueira


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Law and Aging, Pages 8436-8439, L.A. Frolik


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Law and Democracy, Pages 8439-8443, G. Skąpska


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Law and Development, Pages 8443-8446, D.M. Trubek


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Law and Economics, Pages 8446-8452, S. Shavell


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Law and Economics: Empirical Dimensions, Pages 8452-8457, K. Dau-Schmidt


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Law and Everyday Life, Pages 8457-8461, P. Ewick


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Law and Geography, Pages 8461-8465, N. Blomley


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Law and Morality: A Continental-European Perspective, Pages 8465-8469, R. Alexy


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Law and Morality: An Analytic Perspective, Pages 8469-8475, T. Campbell


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Law and People with Disabilities, Pages 8475-8480, M. Jones, L.A.B. Marks
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Law and Risk, Pages 8480-8484, A. Bora


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Law and Society: Sociolegal Studies, Pages 8484-8489, B. Garth


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Law as an Instrument of Social Change, Pages 8492-8496, V. Gessner


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Law as Constitutive, Pages 8497-8500, R. Cotterrell


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Law Firms, Pages 8517-8521, D.B. Wilkins


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Law in Latin America, Pages 8526-8527, R. Pérez-Perdomo


Abstract PDF (47 K)

Law, Autopoiesis in, Pages 8500-8502, R. Rogowski


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Law, Diffusion of, Pages 1-7, R.M. Buxbaum


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Law, Mobilization of, Pages 8530-8534, E. Blankenburg


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Law, Sociology of, Pages 8544-8548, G. Rocher


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Law: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 8489-8492, S.E. Merry


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Law: Change and Evolution, Pages 8503-8507, L.M. Friedman


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Law: Defense of Insanity, Pages 8507-8510, R.J. Simon


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Law: Economics of its Public Enforcement, Pages 8510-8517, A.M. Polinsky, S. Shavell
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Law: History of its Relation to the Social Sciences, Pages 8521-8526, T. Murphy
Abstract PDF (79 K)

Law: Imposition, Reception, and Colonial, Pages 8527-8530, P. Fitzpatrick


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Law: New Institutionalism, Pages 8534-8538, C.A. Heimer


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Law: Overview, Pages 8538-8544, L.B. Edelman, M. Galanter


Abstract PDF (85 K)

Laws, Conflict of, Pages 8548-8553, S. Symeonides


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Lawyers, Pages 8553-8559, R. Abel


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Lawyers, Regulation of, Pages 8559-8564, E. Chambliss


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Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix (1901–76), Pages 8564-8568, A.R. Oberschall


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Leadership in Organizations, Psychology of, Pages 8569-8573, F. Brodbeck


Abstract PDF (65 K)

Leadership in Organizations, Sociology of, Pages 8573-8578, M.F.R. Kets de Vries


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Leadership, Psychology of, Pages 8580-8583, M.M. Chemers


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Leadership: Political, Pages 8578-8580, R. Elgie


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Learned Helplessness, Pages 8583-8586, M.E.P. Seligman, C. Peterson


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Learning and Instruction, Social-cognitive Perspectives, Pages 8586-8588, A.-N.


Perret-Clermont, F. Carugati
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Learning and Memory, Neural Basis of, Pages 8593-8599, H.J. Markowitsch
Abstract PDF (255 K)

Learning and Memory: Computational Models, Pages 8588-8593, M.T. Allen


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Learning by Occasion Setting, Pages 8599-8602, N.A. Schmajuk


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Learning Curve, The, Pages 8602-8605, F.E. Ritter, L.J. Schooler


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Learning from Text, Pages 8605-8609, E.C. Ferstl


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Learning Theories and Educational Paradigms, Pages 8613-8620, T.J. Shuell


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Learning to Learn, Pages 8620-8623, C.E. Weinstein


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Learning: Organizational, Pages 8609-8613, S. Gherardi


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Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness, Pages 8623-8629, S.S. Silbey


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Legal Education, Pages 8629-8634, K. Economides


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Legal Formalism, Pages 8634-8638, D. Kennedy


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Legal Insurance, Pages 8638-8641, T. Raiser


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Legal Issues: Public Opinion, Pages 8641-8646, R. MacCoun


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Legal Personality, Pages 8646-8650, G.A. Mark


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Legal Pluralism, Pages 8650-8654, J. Griffiths


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Legal Positivism, Pages 8654-8660, B.Z. Tamanaha


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Legal Process and Social Science: United States, Pages 8660-8663, J. Monahan
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Legal Professionalism, Pages 8663-8667, T.J. Schneyer


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Legal Realism, Pages 8667-8670, J.H. Schlegel


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Legal Reasoning and Argumentation, Pages 8670-8675, W.L. Twining


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Legal Reasoning Models, Pages 8675-8677, C.D. Hafner


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Legal Scholarship, Pages 8677-8684, E. Rubin


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Legal Systems, Classification of, Pages 8684-8689, D.S. Clark


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Legal Systems: Private, Pages 8689-8693, S. Henry


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Legalization, Pages 8693-8697, J.K. Lieberman


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Legislatures: United States, Pages 8697-8700, A. Rosenthal


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Legitimacy, Pages 8700-8704, R. Stryber


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Legitimacy, Sociology of, Pages 8706-8709, B. Badie


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Legitimacy: Political, Pages 8704-8706, C.K. Ansell


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Leisure and Cultural Consumption, Pages 8709-8714, J.P. Robinson


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Leisure, Psychology of, Pages 8714-8717, E.H. Hoff


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Leisure, Sociology of, Pages 8717-8720, N. Woolsey Biggart


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Lesbians: Historical Perspectives, Pages 8720-8725, L.D. Meyer


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Lesbians: Social and Economic Situation, Pages 8725-8729, M.V.L. Badgett


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Lesion and Behavior Approaches in Neuroscience, Pages 8729-8732, L.E. Jarrard


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Letter and Character Recognition, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 8732-8737, H.-
C. Chen
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Lewin, Kurt (1890–1947), Pages 8737-8740, C.F. Graumann


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Lex Mercatoria, Pages 8740-8743, C. Windbichler


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Lexical Access, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 8743-8748, M. Taft


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Lexical Functional Grammar, Pages 8748-8754, P.K. Austin


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Lexical Processes (Word Knowledge): Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages


8754-8758, M.A. Lambon Ralph
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Lexical Semantics, Pages 8758-8764, D.A. Cruse


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Lexicology and Lexicography, Pages 8764-8768, W. Klein


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Lexicon, Pages 8768-8774, J. Pustejovsky


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Liability: Legal, Pages 8774-8779, P.H. Schuck


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Liaison and Consultation Psychiatry, Pages 8779-8784, A. Diefenbacher


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Liberalism, Pages 8784-8787, A. Gutmann


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Liberalism and War, Pages 8787-8792, R. Latham


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Liberalism: Historical Aspects, Pages 8792-8797, D. Langewiesche


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Liberalism: Impact on Social Science, Pages 8797-8801, R.P. Bellamy


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Libertarianism, Pages 8801-8807, C. Kukathas


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Libraries, Pages 8807-8810, C. Pawley


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Libraries: Digital, Electronic, and Hybrid, Pages 8810-8814, D.D. Rusch-Feja


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Life Course in History, Pages 8814-8817, J.R. Gillis


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Life Course: Sociological Aspects, Pages 8817-8821, G.H. Elder Jr.


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Life Expectancy and Adult Mortality in Industrialized Countries, Pages 8822-8827,


T. Valkonen
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Life Management, Developmental Psychology of, Pages 8827-8832, A.M. Freund


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Life Table, Pages 8832-8836, J.M. Hoem


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Lifelong Learning and its Support with New Media: Cultural Concerns, Pages
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8836-8840, G. Fischer
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Lifespan Development, Theory of, Pages 8844-8848, U.M. Staudinger


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Lifespan Development: Evolutionary Perspectives, Pages 8840-8844, H. Keller


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Lifespan Theories of Cognitive Development, Pages 8848-8854, U. Lindenberger


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Likelihood in Statistics, Pages 8854-8858, A.W.F. Edwards


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Limbic System, Pages 8858-8862, R.L. Isaacson


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Liminality, Pages 8862-8864, B.A. Babcock


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Linear Algebra for Neural Networks, Pages 8864-8868, H. Abdi


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Linear and Nonlinear Programming, Pages 8868-8874, A.N. Iusem


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Linear Hypothesis, Pages 8874-8881, R. Christensen


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Linear Hypothesis: Fallacies and Interpretive Problems (Simpson's Paradox),


Pages 8881-8884, D.V. Lindley
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Linear Hypothesis: Regression (Basics), Pages 8884-8888, S. Weisberg


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Linear Hypothesis: Regression (Graphics), Pages 8888-8893, R.D. Cook


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Linear Hypothesis: Regression (Quantile), Pages 8893-8899, R. Koenker


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Linguistic Anthropology, Pages 8899-8906, A. Duranti


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Linguistic Fieldwork, Pages 8906-8910, U. Mosel


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Linguistic Presupposition, Pages 8910-8913, R.A. van der Sandt


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Linguistic Turn, Pages 8913-8916, C. Fynsk


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Linguistic Turn and Discourse Analysis in History, Pages 8916-8922, J.E. Toews
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Linguistic Typology, Pages 8922-8929, M. Shibatani

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Linguistics: Comparative Method, Pages 8929-8932, L. Campbell


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Linguistics: Iconicity, Pages 8932-8935, J. Haiman


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Linguistics: Incorporation, Pages 8935-8939, E. Nowak


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Linguistics: Information Structure, Pages 8939-8942, P. Sgall


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Linguistics: Internal Reconstruction, Pages 8942-8945, A. Fox


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Linguistics: Markedness, Pages 8945-8948, E. Battistella


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Linguistics: Overview, Pages 8948-8954, D. Crystal


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Linguistics: Prototype Theory, Pages 8954-8957, J.R. Taylor


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Linguistics: Theory of Principles and Parameters, Pages 8957-8961, L. Haegeman


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‘Inner City,’ The: Cultural Concerns, Pages 7526-7530, W.J. Wilson, B.H. Rankin, J.M.
Quane
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Literacy and Illiteracy, History of, Pages 8961-8967, I.G. Tóth


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Literacy and Orality, Pages 8967-8971, W. Raible


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Literacy Education, Pages 8975-8981, C.A. Perfetti, R. Sandak


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Literacy, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 8971-8975, A.M. Jacobs


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Literary Texts: Comprehension and Memory, Pages 8981-8984, R.J. Kreuz


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Lithics and Archaeology, Pages 8984-8989, J. Pelegrin


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Litigation, Pages 8989-8995, H.M. Kritzer


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Litigation: Effects on Medical Research, Pages 8995-8999, K. Liddell


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Llewellyn, Karl Nickerson (1893–1962), Pages 8999-9001, B. Leiter


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‘New’ Eugenics, The: Role in Society, Pages 10625-10631, D.J. Galton


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Lobbying, Pages 9001-9004, J.M. Berry


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Local Economic Development, Pages 9004-9008, N. Ettlinger


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Local–Global Linkages, Environmental Aspects, Pages 9008-9011, T.J. Wilbanks


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Location Theory, Pages 9013-9019, C. Gorter, P. Nijkamp


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Location: Absolute/Relative, Pages 9011-9013, J.D. Nystuen


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Locational Conflict (NIMBY), Pages 9019-9024, R.W. Lake


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Locke, John (1632–1704), Pages 9024-9027, P. Laslett


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Logic and Cognition, Psychology of, Pages 9027-9031, R. Revlin


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Logic and Linguistics, Pages 9031-9036, T. Zimmermann


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Logical Positivism and Logical Empiricism, Pages 9036-9038, K. Mulligan


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Logics for Knowledge Representation, Pages 9039-9041, B. Nebel


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Lone Mothers in Affluent Nations, Pages 9041-9046, J. Lewis


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Lone Mothers in Nations of the South, Pages 9046-9052, S. Chant


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Long-term Depression (Cerebellum), Pages 9071-9074, M. Ito


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Long-term Depression (Hippocampus), Pages 9074-9078, M.R. Foy


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Long-term Potentiation (Hippocampus), Pages 9081-9083, M. Baudry


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Long-term Potentiation and Depression (Cortex), Pages 9078-9081, T.J. Teyler


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Longevity, Genetics of, Pages 9052-9057, J.R. Carey


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Longitudinal Data, Pages 9058-9063, B.H. Singer


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Longitudinal Data: Event–History Analysis in Discrete Time, Pages 9063-9067, E.


Arjas
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Longitudinal Research: Panel Retention, Pages 9067-9071, R.B. Warnecke, J.A.


Parsons
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Lorenz, Konrad (1903–89), Pages 9083-9089, W.M. Schleidt


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Lotka, Alfred James (1880–1949), Pages 9089-9091, N. Keyfitz


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Love and Intimacy, Psychology of, Pages 9091-9094, H.T. Reis


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Luce's Choice Axiom, Pages 9094-9097, J.I. Yellott Jr.


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Luhmann, Niklas (1927–98), Pages 9097-9102, R. Stichweh


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Luria, Aleksander Romanovich (1902–77), Pages 9102-9105, M. Cole


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


About this Reference Work

Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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General information
Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527), Pages 9107-9111, H. Münkler
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Subject classification

Authors Macroeconomic Data, Pages 9111-9117, T.P. Hill


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Article titles
Macrosociology–Microsociology, Pages 9117-9122, M. Cherkaoui
Subject index Abstract PDF (90 K)

Macrostructure in Discourse Comprehension, Psychology of, Pages 9122-9125,


R.F. Lorch Jr.
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Mafia, Pages 9125-9128, A. Blok


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Magic, Anthropology of, Pages 9128-9131, V. Argyrou


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Magnetoencephalography, Pages 9131-9137, R.J. Ilmoniemi, R.J. Näätänen


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Majoritarianism and Majority Rule, Pages 9137-9139, D. Rae


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Majorization and Stochastic Orders, Pages 9139-9143, H. Joe


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Male Dominance, Pages 9143-9147, P.R. Sanday


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Malinowski, Bronislaw (1884–1942), Pages 9147-9151, M.W. Young


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Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834), Pages 9151-9156, J. Dupâquier


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Managed Care, Pages 9156-9162, H.S. Luft


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Managed Care and Psychotherapy in the United States, Pages 9162-9165, L.D.
Weaver, C.C. Marques
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Management Accounting, Pages 9166-9170, A. Bhimani


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Management: General, Pages 9170-9178, A. Martinelli


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Mania, Pages 9178-9183, D.L. Dunner


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Manifestoes, Party, Pages 9183-9187, I. Budge


Abstract PDF (146 K)

Mannheim, Karl (1893–1947), Pages 9187-9191, V. Meja


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Maoism, Pages 9191-9193, B. Womack


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Marital Interaction: Effects on Child Development, Pages 9195-9197, E.M. Cummings


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Market and Nonmarket Allocation, Pages 9197-9203, D. Satz


Abstract PDF (81 K)

Market Areas, Pages 9203-9207, J.-C. Thill


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Market Research, Pages 9207-9211, T.J. Steenburgh, D.R. Wittink


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Market Structure and Performance, Pages 9211-9216, J. Sutton


Abstract PDF (124 K)

Marketing Strategies, Pages 9217-9221, E. Valdani


Abstract PDF (238 K)

Markets and the Law, Pages 9221-9227, V. Vanberg


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Markets: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 9227-9231, T.C. Bestor


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Markets: Artistic and Cultural, Pages 9231-9236, V.D. Alexander


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Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods, Pages 9236-9240, P. Müller


Abstract PDF (186 K)

Markov Decision Processes, Pages 9240-9242, M.L. Littman


Abstract PDF (73 K)

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Markov Models and Social Analysis, Pages 9242-9250, L. Billard


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Markov Processes for Knowledge Spaces, Pages 9251-9253, J.-C. Falmagne


Abstract PDF (98 K)

Maroons in Anthropology, Pages 9253-9256, R. Price


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Marr, David (1945–80), Pages 9256-9258, S. Edelman, L.M. Vaina


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Marriage, Pages 9258-9261, J. Bestard-Camps


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Marriage and the Dual-career Family: Cultural Concerns, Pages 9261-9265, L.J.
Waite
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Marriage: Psychological and Experimental Analyses, Pages 9265-9270, W.K. Halford


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924), Pages 9270-9276, J.K. Whitaker


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Marshall, Thomas Humphrey (1893–1981), Pages 9276-9279, Y. Soysal


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Marx, Karl (1818–83), Pages 9280-9286, T. Carver


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Marxian Economic Thought, Pages 9286-9292, R. Bellofiore


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Marxism and Law, Pages 9292-9295, M. Cain


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Marxism in Contemporary Sociology, Pages 9295-9298, M. Burawoy, E.O. Wright


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Marxism/Leninism, Pages 9298-9302, S.E. Hanson


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Marxist Archaeology, Pages 9302-9306, A. Gilman


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Marxist Geography, Pages 9306-9311, R. Peet


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Marxist Social Thought, History of, Pages 9311-9317, R. Fine


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Masculinities and Femininities, Pages 9318-9321, M. Kimmel


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Mass Communication: Empirical Research, Pages 9321-9328, S. Chaffee


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Mass Communication: Normative Frameworks, Pages 9328-9334, J.D. Peters

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Mass Communication: Technology, Pages 9334-9338, B. Winston


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Mass Killings and Genocide, Psychology of, Pages 9338-9341, E. Staub


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Mass Media and Cultural Identity, Pages 9341-9346, P. Schlesinger


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Mass Media and Sports, Pages 9346-9350, D. Rowe


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Mass Media, Political Economy of, Pages 9358-9363, G. Murdock


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Mass Media, Representations in, Pages 9363-9368, R.M. Entman


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Mass Media: Introduction and Schools of Thought, Pages 9350-9358, P. Dahlgren


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Mass Society: History of the Concept, Pages 9368-9372, S. Giner


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Mastery Learning, Pages 9372-9377, T.R. Guskey


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Mathematical and Logical Abilities, Neural Basis of, Pages 9377-9382, J. Whalen
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Mathematical Education, Pages 9382-9386, E. De Corte, L. Verschaffel


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Mathematical Learning Theory, Pages 9386-9391, J.K. Kruschke


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Mathematical Learning Theory, History of, Pages 9391-9393, W.K. Estes


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Mathematical Models in Geography, Pages 9393-9399, S.J. Rey


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Mathematical Models in Philosophy of Science, Pages 9399-9405, Z. Domotor


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Mathematical Psychology, Pages 9405-9412, J.-C. Falmagne


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Mathematical Psychology, History of, Pages 9412-9416, W.K. Estes


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Matrifocality, Pages 9416-9418, R.T. Smith


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Mauss, Marcel (1872–1950), Pages 9419-9421, V. Karaday


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McCarthyism, Pages 9422-9424, F.E. Rourke


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Mead, George Herbert (1863–1931), Pages 9424-9428, H. Joas


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Mead, Margaret (1901–78), Pages 9428-9431, M.M. Caffrey


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Meaning and Rule-following: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 9431-9435, R. Holton


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Measurement Error Models, Pages 9435-9442, A.L. Carriquiry


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Measurement Theory: Conjoint, Pages 9448-9451, P. Fishburn


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Measurement Theory: History and Philosophy, Pages 9451-9454, J. Michell


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Measurement Theory: Probabilistic, Pages 9454-9458, D. Heyer, R. Niederée


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Measurement, Representational Theory of, Pages 9442-9448, R. Suck


Abstract PDF (101 K)

Media and Child Development, Pages 9458-9463, J. Groebel


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Media and History: Cultural Concerns, Pages 9463-9468, M. Ferro


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Media and Social Movements, Pages 9468-9472, W.A. Gamson


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Media Effects, Pages 9472-9479, E. Katz


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Media Effects on Children, Pages 9479-9483, S.L. Calvert


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Media Ethics, Pages 9483-9487, A. Drozdek


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Media Events, Pages 9487-9489, E.W. Rothenbuhler


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Media Imperialism, Pages 9489-9494, A. Sreberny


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Media Literacy, Pages 9494-9497, A. Dorr


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Media, Uses of, Pages 9497-9503, J. Robinson, D. Davis


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Mediating Variable, Pages 9503-9507, D.P. MacKinnon


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Mediation, Arbitration, and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Pages 9507-


9512, C. Menkel-Meadow
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Medical Experiments: Ethical Aspects, Pages 9512-9515, R.E. Ashcroft


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Medical Expertise, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 9515-9518, V.L. Patel, D.R.
Kaufman
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Medical Geography, Pages 9518-9523, J.D. Mayer


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Medical Profession, The, Pages 9523-9530, D. Coburn


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Medical Sociology, Pages 9530-9534, D. Mechanic


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Medicalization: Cultural Concerns, Pages 9534-9539, M. Lock


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Medicine, History of, Pages 9539-9545, A. Labisch


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Meiji Revolution, The, Pages 9545-9549, M. Miyachi


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Melanesia: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 9549-9554, R.J. Foster


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Memes and Cultural Viruses, Pages 9554-9556, R. Pocklington


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Memory and Aging, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 9556-9560, R. Kliegl


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Memory and Aging, Neural Basis of, Pages 9560-9563, D.S. Woodruff-Pak, S.K.
Lemieux
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Memory Development in Children, Pages 9572-9576, W. Schneider


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Memory for Meaning and Surface Memory, Pages 9576-9579, C.R. Fletcher
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Memory for Text, Pages 9579-9582, H. Van Oostendorp


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Memory in the Bee, Pages 9586-9590, R. Menzel


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Memory in the Fly, Genetics of, Pages 9590-9593, R.L. Davis


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Memory Models: Quantitative, Pages 9597-9602, B. Murdock


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Memory Problems and Rehabilitation, Pages 9606-9610, A.M. Sherman, M. O'Connor


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Memory Psychophysics, Pages 9610-9613, D. Algom


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Memory Retrieval, Pages 9613-9618, R.S. Lockhart


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Memory, Consolidation of, Pages 9567-9570, P.E. Gold, J.L. McGaugh


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Memory: Autobiographical, Pages 9563-9567, M.A. Conway


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Memory: Collaborative, Pages 9570-9572, R.A. Dixon


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Memory: Genetic Approaches, Pages 9583-9586, A.J. Silva


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Memory: Levels of Processing, Pages 9593-9597, F.I.M. Craik


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Memory: Organization and Recall, Pages 9602-9606, L.-G. Nilsson


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Memory: Synaptic Mechanisms, Pages 9618-9625, E. Kandel


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Men's Health, Pages 9625-9628, E. Brähler, H. Maier


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Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Diagnosis and Classification of, Pages 9628-
9639, H.-U. Wittchen
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Mental Health and Normality, Pages 9639-9645, D. Offer, M. Sabshin, D. Albert


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Mental Health Programs: Children and Adolescents, Pages 9648-9654, W.G. Scarlett
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Mental Health: Community Interventions, Pages 9645-9648, E.J. Trickett


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Mental Illness, Epidemiology of, Pages 9654-9661, H.-U. Wittchen


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Mental Illness, Etiology of, Pages 9661-9665, P. Tyrer


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Mental Illness, Genetics of, Pages 9669-9675, W. Maier


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Mental Illness: Family and Patient Organizations, Pages 9665-9669, J.H. Henderson,
R. Ramsay
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Mental Imagery, Psychology of, Pages 9675-9681, M. Denis


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Mental Maps, Psychology of, Pages 9681-9683, H.L. Pick Jr.


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Mental Models, Psychology of, Pages 9683-9687, D. Gentner


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Mental Representation of Persons, Psychology of, Pages 9687-9691, E.R. Smith


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Mental Representations, Psychology of, Pages 9691-9695, C.R. Gallistel


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Mental Retardation: Clinical Aspects, Pages 9695-9700, M.E. Snell, R. Luckasson


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Mental Retardation: Cognitive Aspects, Pages 9700-9704, C.B. Mervis


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Mentally Ill: Public Attitudes, Pages 9704-9709, D. Bhugra, W. Cutter


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Mentoring: Supervision of Young Researchers, Pages 9709-9713, R. Hollander


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Meta-analysis in Practice, Pages 9713-9717, J.B. Greenhouse


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Meta-analysis: Overview, Pages 9717-9724, R.L. Tweedie


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Meta-analysis: Tools, Pages 9724-9730, L.V. Hedges, J.L. Vevea


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Metacognitive Development: Educational Implications, Pages 9730-9733, W.


Schneider
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Metamemory, Psychology of, Pages 9733-9738, T.O. Nelson


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Metaphor and its Role in Social Thought: History of the Concept, Pages 9738-
9743, D. Lambourn
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Method of Moments, Pages 9743-9751, L.P. Hansen


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Methodological Individualism in Sociology, Pages 9751-9755, E. Picavet


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Methodological Individualism:Philosophical Aspects, Pages 9755-9760, G. Currie


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Metropolitan Growth and Change: International Perspectives, Pages 9760-9765,


L.S. Bourne
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Mexican Revolution, The, Pages 9765-9770, A. Knight


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Microdatabases: Economic, Pages 9770-9777, F.T. Juster


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Microevolution, Pages 9777-9780, F.M. Salzano


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Microsimulation in Demographic Research, Pages 9780-9785, G. Santow


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Middle Ages, The, Pages 9785-9792, G. Klaniczay


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Middle East and North Africa: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 9792-9796, S. Shami
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Midlife Psychological Development, Pages 9796-9799, M.E. Lachman


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Migration and Health, Pages 9799-9803, K.S. Markides


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Migration History, Pages 9809-9815, K.J. Bade


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Migration into the Americas and between American Countries, Pages 9815-9821,
A. Pellegrino
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Migration out of Europe, Pages 9821-9824, T.J. Hatton


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Migration to the United States: Gender Aspects, Pages 9834-9839, S. Pedraza


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Migration, Economics of, Pages 9803-9809, G.J. Borjas


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Migration, Theory of, Pages 9828-9834, D.S. Massey


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Migration: Sociological Aspects, Pages 9824-9828, S. Castles


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Migrations, Colonizations, and Diasporas in Archaeology, Pages 9839-9850, M. Otte


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Military and Disaster Psychiatry, Pages 9850-9857, D.M. Benedek, R.J. Ursano
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Military and Politics, Pages 9857-9859, D. Chisholm


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Military Geography, Pages 9859-9863, J.B. Garver


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Military History, Pages 9863-9868, H.F.A. Strachan

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Military Psychology: United States, Pages 9868-9873, G.P. Krueger


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Military Sociology, Pages 9873-9876, C. Moskos


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Mill, John Stuart (1806–73), Pages 9876-9881, I. Hampsher-Monk


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Millennialism, Pages 9881-9885, B.R. Wilson


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Mind–Body Dualism, Pages 9885-9889, R. Harré


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Minimum Winning Coalition, in Politics, Pages 9889-9891, B. Bueno de Mesquita


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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Pages 9891-9894, J.N. Butcher


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Minorities, Pages 9894-9898, Z. Layton-Henry


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Minority Access to Health Services: United States, Pages 9898-9901, L.R. Snowden
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Mission: Proselytization and Conversion, Pages 9903-9906, B. Stanley


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Mitochondria and Evolution, Pages 9906-9910, R.L. Cann


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Mixture Models in Statistics, Pages 9910-9915, U.E. Makov


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Mnemonics, Psychology of, Pages 9915-9918, K.L. Higbee


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Mobility: Social, Pages 9918-9924, W. Müller


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Mode of Production, Pages 9924-9927, D.L. Donham


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Model Testing and Selection, Theory of, Pages 9927-9931, K.C. Klauer
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Models: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 9931-9937, U. Mäki


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Moderator Variable: Methodology, Pages 9937-9939, C.M. Judd


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Modernity, Pages 9939-9944, B. Valade


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Modernity: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 9944-9949, A. Ong


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Modernity: History of the Concept, Pages 9949-9954, P. Wagner


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Modernization and Modernity in History, Pages 9954-9961, P. Nolte


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Modernization, Political: Alternate Paths, Pages 9961-9963, M.G. Schmidt


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Modernization, Political: Development of the Concept, Pages 9963-9965, L.S.


Graham
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Modernization, Sociological Theories of, Pages 9965-9971, R. Inglehart


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Modularity versus Interactive Processing, Psychology of, Pages 9971-9973, R.E.


Alterman
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Monasticism: West and East, Pages 9973-9976, W.J.F. Keenan


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Monetary Policy, Pages 9976-9984, B.M. Friedman


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Money and Finances, Psychology of, Pages 9984-9988, E. Jonas, S. Walper, D. Frey
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Money, Sociology of, Pages 9991-9995, V.A. Zelizer


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Money: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 9988-9991, J. Weatherford


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Montague Grammar, Pages 9995-9999, B.H. Partee


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Monte Carlo Methods and Bayesian Computation: Importance Sampling, Pages


10000-10004, R. Liesenfeld, J.-F. Richard
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Monte Carlo Methods and Bayesian Computation: Overview, Pages 10004-10009,


S. Chib
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Montesquieu, Charles, the Second Baron of (1689–1755), Pages 10009-10014, H.-


J. Lüsebrink
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Mood-dependent Memory, Pages 10014-10017, E. Eich


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Moral Development: Cross-cultural Perspectives, Pages 10017-10021, K. Setiono


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Moral Economy and Economy of Affection, Pages 10021-10024, G. Hyden


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Moral Education, Pages 10024-10029, F.K. Oser


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Moral Panics, Pages 10029-10033, J.M. Jasper


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Moral Reasoning in Psychology, Pages 10033-10035, E. Turiel


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Moral Sentiments in Society, Pages 10035-10039, E. Betton


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Morality (East and West): Cultural Concerns, Pages 10039-10043, K.-K. Hwang
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Morphological Case in Linguistics, Pages 10043-10047, J. Blake


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Morphology in Linguistics, Pages 10047-10053, A. Spencer


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Morphophonology, Pages 10053-10058, S.J. Hannahs


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Mortality and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, Pages 10058-10061, A. Palloni


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Mortality Crossover, Pages 10065-10068, I.T. Elo


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Mortality Differentials: Selection and Causation, Pages 10068-10070, N. Goldman


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Mortality of the Oldest Old, Pages 10075-10079, J.W. Vaupel


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Mortality, Biodemography of, Pages 10061-10065, E.M. Crimmins


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Mortality, Epidemiological, and Health Transitions, Pages 10071-10075, G. Santow


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Mortality: The Great Historical Decline, Pages 10079-10085, T. Bengtsson


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Motherhood: Economic Aspects, Pages 10085-10088, H. Joshi


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Motherhood: Social and Cultural Aspects, Pages 10089-10093, M. McMahon


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Motion Perception Models, Pages 10093-10099, G. Sperling


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Motion Perception: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 10099-10105, D.C.


Bradley

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Motivation and Actions, Psychology of, Pages 10105-10109, P.M. Gollwitzer, G.


Oettingen
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Motivation, Learning, and Instruction, Pages 10112-10117, M. Boekaerts


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Motivation, Neural Basis of, Pages 10117-10120, A.G. Watts


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Motivation: History of the Concept, Pages 10109-10112, P.M. Gollwitzer, G. Oettingen


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Motivational Development, Systems Theory of, Pages 10120-10125, M.E. Schneider


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Motor Control, Pages 10125-10131, J.C. Fentress


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Motor Control Models: Learning and Performance, Pages 10131-10137, P.G.


Morasso
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Motor Cortex, Pages 10137-10140, S.P. Wise


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Motor Skills, Psychology of, Pages 10140-10143, H. Heuer


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Movement Theory and Constraints in Syntax, Pages 10143-10148, C.-T.J. Huang


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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in Psychiatry, Pages 10148-10155, R. Schlösser


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Muller, Hermann Joseph (1890–1967), Pages 10155-10157, E.A. Carlson


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Multi-attribute Decision Making in Urban Studies, Pages 10157-10160, L.D. Hopkins


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Multicultural Education, Pages 10160-10163, J.A. Banks


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Multicultural Feminism: Cultural Concerns, Pages 10163-10169, M.C. Lâm


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Multiculturalism, Pages 10169-10175, D. Ivison


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Multiculturalism and Identity Politics: Cultural Concerns, Pages 10175-10179, A.


Gutmann
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Multiculturalism, Anthropology of, Pages 10179-10184, D.A. Segal


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Multiculturalism: Sociological Aspects, Pages 10184-10189, F.-O. Radtke


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Multidimensional Scaling in Psychology, Pages 10189-10193, J.D. Carroll


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Multimodal Therapy in Clinical Psychology, Pages 10193-10197, A.A. Lazarus


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Multinational Corporations, Pages 10197-10204, B. Kogut


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Multiple Imputation, Pages 10204-10210, J. Barnard, N. Schenker, D.B. Rubin


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Multistate Transition Models in Demography, Pages 10210-10214, D. Courgeau


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Multivariate Analysis: Classification and Discrimination, Pages 10214-10218, G.


McLachlan
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Multivariate Analysis: Discrete Variables (Correspondence Models), Pages 10218-


10221, Z. Gilula, S.J. Haberman, P.G.M. van der Heijden
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Multivariate Analysis: Discrete Variables (Logistic Regression), Pages 10221-


10228, G.M. Fitzmaurice, N.M. Laird
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Multivariate Analysis: Discrete Variables (Loglinear Models), Pages 10228-10233,


S.J. Haberman
Abstract PDF (93 K)

Multivariate Analysis: Discrete Variables (Overview), Pages 10233-10240, A. Agresti


Abstract PDF (125 K)

Multivariate Analysis: Overview, Pages 10240-10247, I. Olkin, A.R. Sampson


Abstract PDF (132 K)

Mumford, Lewis (1895–1990), Pages 10247-10251, R. Wojtowicz


Abstract PDF (154 K)

Music as Expressive Form, Pages 10255-10259, T. DeNora


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Music Perception, Pages 10263-10267, W.J. Dowling


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Music, History of, Pages 10259-10263, A. Riethmüller


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Music: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 10251-10255, V. Erlmann


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Myrdal, Gunnar (1898–1987), Pages 10267-10270, R. Swedberg


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Mysticism, Pages 10270-10273, D. Merkur

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Myth in Religion, Pages 10273-10278, R.A. Segal


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Myths and Symbols: Organizational, Pages 10278-10281, P. Gagliardi


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Narrative Comprehension, Psychology of, Pages 10281-10284, P.W. van den Broek
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Subject classification

Authors Narrative, Sociology of, Pages 10284-10289, K. Aronsson


Abstract PDF (73 K)
Article titles
Narratives and Accounts, in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Pages 10289-
Subject index 10292, J.H. Harvey
Abstract PDF (62 K)

Nation-states, Nationalism, and Gender, Pages 10376-10380, A.M. Alonso


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Nation: Sociological Aspects, Pages 10292-10296, A.-P. Frognier


Abstract PDF (70 K)

National Character, Pages 10296-10299, F. Neiburg


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National Health Care and Insurance Systems, Pages 10299-10303, J. White


Abstract PDF (71 K)

National Innovation Systems, Pages 10303-10309, R.D. Whitley


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National Liberation Movements, Pages 10309-10314, S. Amin


Abstract PDF (89 K)

National Security Studies and War Potential of Nations, Pages 10314-10318, S.


Weber
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National Socialism and Fascism, Pages 10318-10323, H. Mommsen


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National Traditions in the Social Sciences, Pages 10323-10328, C. Crothers


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Nationalism and Expressive Forms, Pages 10328-10332, K.A. Cerulo


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Nationalism, Historical Aspects of: Africa, Pages 10340-10344, C. Coquery-Vidrovitch


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Nationalism, Historical Aspects of: Arab World, Pages 10344-10348, G. Krämer


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Nationalism, Historical Aspects of: East Asia, Pages 10348-10351, Y. Murata


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Nationalism, Historical Aspects of: South Asia, Pages 10351-10355, T. Raychaudhuri


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Nationalism, Historical Aspects of: The West, Pages 10355-10363, M. Hroch


Abstract PDF (97 K)

Nationalism, Sociology of, Pages 10363-10369, V. Vujacic


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Nationalism: Contemporary Issues, Pages 10332-10336, R. Merritt


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Nationalism: General, Pages 10336-10340, P. Chatterjee


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Nations and Nation-states in History, Pages 10369-10376, J. Breuilly


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Natural Concepts, Psychology of, Pages 10380-10384, B.H. Ross


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Natural Environmental Psychology, Pages 10384-10388, R. Gifford


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Natural Law, Pages 10388-10392, R.D. Schwarz


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Natural Selection, Pages 10392-10398, B. König


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Nature, Concepts of: Environmental and Ecological, Pages 10398-10404, J.D.


Proctor
Abstract PDF (86 K)

Nature–Society in Geography, Pages 10404-10410, B.L. Turner II


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Navigation, Pages 10410-10413, B. Finney


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Navigation in Spatial Environments, Neural Basis of, Pages 10413-10417, P.E. Sharp
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Navigation in Virtual Space: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 10417-

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10422, N. Burgess, J.A. King
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Nazi Law, Pages 10422-10426, H. Rottleuthner


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Near Middle East/North African Studies: Culture, Pages 10426-10431, M. Cooke


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Economics, Pages 10431-10435, R. Assaad


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Gender, Pages 10435-10439, N. Göle


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Geography, Pages 10439-10442, P. Lindner


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Politics, Pages 10442-10447, S. Heydemann


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Religion, Pages 10447-10451, D.F.


Eickelman
Abstract PDF (71 K)

Near Middle East/North African Studies: Society and History, Pages 10451-10458,
M. Bamyeh
Abstract PDF (93 K)

Needham, Joseph (1900–95), Pages 10458-10462, H.U. Vogel


Abstract PDF (86 K)

Negation, Linguistics of, Pages 10462-10467, J. van der Auwera


Abstract PDF (101 K)

Neglect, Neural Basis of, Pages 10467-10473, M. Behrmann


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Negotiation and Bargaining: Organizational Aspects, Pages 10473-10477, V.K.


Aggarwal, C. Dupont
Abstract PDF (112 K)

Negotiation and Bargaining: Role of Lawyers, Pages 10477-10481, C. Guthrie


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Negotiations: Statistical Aspects, Pages 10481-10488, J. Sebenius


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Neighborhood Revitalization and Community Development, Pages 10494-10499,


W.D. Keating
Abstract PDF (76 K)

Neighborhood: General, Pages 10488-10494, N. Carmon


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Network Analysis, Pages 10499-10502, A.M. Chiesi


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Network Models of Tasks, Pages 10502-10505, R. Schweickert


Abstract PDF (90 K)

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Networks and Linkages: Cultural Aspects, Pages 10505-10509, B.H. Erickson


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Networks: Social, Pages 10509-10514, F.N. Stokman


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Neumann, John von (1903–57), Pages 10514-10518, A. Rapoport


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Neural Circuits: Models of Emergent Functions, Pages 10518-10522, M. Tsodyks


Abstract PDF (118 K)

Neural Development: Mechanisms and Models, Pages 10522-10526, G.J. Goodhill


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Neural Networks and Related Statistical Latent Variable Models, Pages 10526-
10534, M.A. Tanner, R.A. Jacobs
Abstract PDF (156 K)

Neural Networks, Statistical Physics of, Pages 10537-10542, E. Aarts, H. ten Eikelder,
J. Korst
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Neural Networks: Biological Models and Applications, Pages 10534-10537, F.H.


Guenther
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Neural Plasticity, Pages 10542-10546, J.H. Kaas


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Neural Plasticity in Auditory Cortex, Pages 10546-10549, N.M. Weinberger


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Neural Plasticity in Visual Cortex, Pages 10549-10553, K.E. Schmidt


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Neural Plasticity of Spinal Reflexes, Pages 10553-10556, M.M. Patterson


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Neural Representations of Direction (Head Direction Cells), Pages 10556-10559,


J.S. Taube
Abstract PDF (72 K)

Neural Representations of Intended Movement in Motor Cortex, Pages 10559-


10563, J. Donoghue
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Neural Representations of Objects, Pages 10563-10567, M.J. Tarr, Q.C. Vuong


Abstract PDF (103 K)

Neural Systems and Behavior: Dynamical Systems Approaches, Pages 10571-


10575, G. Schöner
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Neural Systems: Models of Behavioral Functions, Pages 10575-10578, M.E.


Hasselmo
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Neuroanatomical Methods, Pages 10578-10584, K.S. Rockland, T. Hashikawa


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Neuroendocrinology, Pages 10584-10588, J.V. Martin


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Neurogenetics and Behavior, Pages 10589-10595, E. Balaban


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Neuromuscular System, Pages 10595-10600, C.-P. Ko


Abstract PDF (414 K)

Neuronal Synchrony as a Binding Mechanism, Pages 10567-10570, W. Singer


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Neurons and Dendrites: Integration of Information, Pages 10600-10605, B.W. Mel


Abstract PDF (124 K)

Neuropsychological Functioning, Assessment of, Pages 10605-10609, J. Uekermann,


I. Daum
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Neuroticism, Pages 10609-10612, D. Watson


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Neurotransmitters, Pages 10612-10619, J.R. Cooper


Abstract PDF (149 K)

Neutrality: Axiological, Pages 10619-10621, R. Fillieule


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New Religious Movements, Pages 10631-10634, E. Barker


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Newcomb's Problem, Pages 10634-10638, J. Collins


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News Interview, Pages 10642-10645, S.E. Clayman


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News: General, Pages 10638-10642, S. Høyer


Abstract PDF (96 K)

Neyman, Jerzy (1894–1981), Pages 10645-10648, S.L. Zabell


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Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900), Pages 10648-10650, V. Gerhardt


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Nomads/Nomadism in History, Pages 10650-10655, F. Scholz


Abstract PDF (358 K)

Nonequivalent Group Designs, Pages 10655-10660, C.S. Reichardt, M.M. Mark


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Nonparametric Statistics: Advanced Computational Methods, Pages 10660-10667,


M. Hollander, J. Sethuraman
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Nonparametric Statistics: Asymptotics, Pages 10667-10673, K. Takeuchi


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Nonparametric Statistics: Rank-based Methods, Pages 10673-10680, M. Hollander, J.


Sethuraman
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Nonparametric Statistics: Records, Pages 10681-10685, B.C. Arnold


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Nonpartisanship: Political, Pages 10685-10688, B. Ginsberg


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Nonprofit Sector, Geography of, Pages 10688-10691, W. Bielefeld


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Nonsampling Errors, Pages 10691-10696, E.A. Stasny


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Nonstandard Reasoning, Pages 10696-10699, J. van Benthem


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Nontraditional Families and Child Development, Pages 10699-10702, C.J. Patterson


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Nonverbal Communication, Social Psychology of, Pages 10702-10706, J.A. Hall


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Nonviolence: Protective Factors, Pages 10706-10711, F. Lösel


Abstract PDF (307 K)

Normative Aspects of Social and Behavioral Science, Pages 10711-10714, C. Thiel


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Norms, Pages 10714-10720, K.-D. Opp


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Norms in Science, Pages 10720-10723, P. Weingart


Abstract PDF (60 K)

North America and Native Americans: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 10723-10728,


R. Thornton
Abstract PDF (75 K)

North America, Archaeology of, Pages 10728-10732, K.G. Lightfoot


Abstract PDF (377 K)

North America: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 10732-10737, R. Sanjek


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Nosology in Psychiatry, Pages 10737-10744, R.E. Kendell


Abstract PDF (90 K)

Nostalgia, Anthropology of, Pages 10744-10747, M.R. Creighton


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Nostalgic Social Thought, Pages 10747-10749, A. Prete


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Notestein, Frank Wallace (1902–83), Pages 10749-10753, J.C. Caldwell


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Number Systems, Evolution of, Pages 10753-10756, P. Damerow


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Numeral Systems, Pages 10756-10761, J.R. Hurford


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Nursing Homes, Pages 10761-10764, S. Zank


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Obedience: Social Psychological Perspectives, Pages 10765-10768, T. Blass
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Authors Obesity and Eating Disorders: Psychiatric, Pages 10768-10771, A.W. Logue
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Obesity, Behavioral Treatment of, Pages 10771-10775, T.A. Wadden
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Obesity, Determinants of: Genetic Aspects, Pages 10775-10781, G.A. Bray, C.


Bouchard
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Object Recognition: Theories, Pages 10781-10785, M.C. Mozer


Abstract PDF (157 K)

Objectivity of Research: Ethical Aspects, Pages 10789-10793, D.B. Resnik


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Objectivity, History of, Pages 10785-10789, S. Gaukroger


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Objectivity: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 10793-10797, B. Leiter


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Objects: Material, Pages 10797-10801, T. Habermas


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Observational Methods in Human Development Research, Pages 10801-10804, W.


Deutsch
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Observational Studies: Outcome-based Sampling, Pages 10804-10808, D. McFadden


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Observational Studies: Overview, Pages 10808-10815, P.R. Rosenbaum


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Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Pages 10815-10822, A. Broocks, F. Hohagen


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Occidentalism, Pages 10822-10826, F. Coronil


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Occipital Lobe (Visual Cortex): Functional Aspects, Pages 10826-10828, O. Braddick


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Occupational Health, Pages 10828-10835, T. Theorell


Abstract PDF (90 K)

Occupational Health and Safety, Regulation of, Pages 10835-10839, R. Johnstone,


W.G. Carson
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Offenses against the Laws of Humanity: International Action, Pages 10839-10843,


G.J. Andreopoulos
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Old Age and Centenarians, Pages 10843-10847, J. Smith


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Olfactory System, Pages 10847-10853, H. Scherer, A. Quast


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Oligarchy (Iron Law), Pages 10853-10855, C.K. Ansell


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Olson, Mancur (1932–98), Pages 10855-10859, M.C. McGuire


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Onomastics, Pages 10859-10863, W.F.H. Nicolaisen


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Open Classroom: Learning and Teaching, Pages 10863-10867, E.F. Thibadeau


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Operant Conditioning and Clinical Psychology, Pages 10867-10873, W.C. Follette


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Operations Research, Pages 10873-10876, M. Nacht


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Opinion Formation, Pages 10876-10879, S.W. Rosenberg


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Optimal Control Theory, Pages 10879-10882, N. Van Long


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Optimization in Evolution, Limitations of, Pages 10882-10887, H.G. Spencer


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Oral and Literate Culture, Pages 10887-10891, R. Finnegan


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Oral History, Pages 10891-10897, R.M. Levine, J.C. Sebe Bom Meihy
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Order Statistics, Pages 10897-10901, H.A. David


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Ordered Relational Structures, Pages 10901-10906, R. Suck


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Organization: Informal, Pages 10907-10910, T.J. Watson


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Organization: Overview, Pages 10910-10917, W.R. Scott


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Organizational Behavior, Psychology of, Pages 10917-10921, B. Wilpert


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Organizational Change, Pages 10921-10923, P. Dawson


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Organizational Climate, Pages 10923-10926, M.A. West


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Organizational Control, Pages 10926-10930, P. Thompson


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Organizational Culture, Pages 10930-10934, S.A. Linstead


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Organizational Culture, Anthropology of, Pages 10934-10938, W. Koot


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Organizational Decision Making, Pages 10938-10942, A. Grandori


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Organizational Errors: Catastrophic, Pages 10942-10946, K.H. Roberts


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Organizational Size, Pages 10946-10948, K. Azumi


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Organizations and the Law, Pages 10948-10954, M.C. Suchman


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Organizations, Metaphors and Paradigms in, Pages 10960-10965, D. Grant


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Organizations, Sociology of, Pages 10968-10973, E. Friedberg


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Organizations: Authority and Power, Pages 10954-10960, C. Hardy


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Organizations: Negotiated Orders, Pages 10965-10968, T.J. Watson


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Organizations: Unintended Consequences, Pages 10973-10976, H. Flap


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Orientalism, Pages 10976-10978, R.G. Fox


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Orienting Response, Pages 10978-10981, E.N. Sokolov


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Orthodoxy, Pages 10981-10985, S. Hackel


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General information
Pacific Islands, Archaeology of, Pages 10987-10990, P.V. Kirch
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Subject classification

Authors Pain, Health Psychology of, Pages 10990-10995, H. Flor


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Article titles
Pain, Management of, Pages 10996-11000, D.C. Yeamans, C.E. Laurito, G.D. Pappas
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Pain, Neural Basis of, Pages 11000-11005, R.-D. Treede


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Paleodemography: Demographic Aspects, Pages 11005-11009, R.D. Hoppa


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Panel Surveys: Uses and Applications, Pages 11009-11015, G.J. Duncan


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Panic Disorder, Pages 11015-11020, M.M. Antony


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Panic, Sociology of, Pages 11020-11023, E.L. Quarantelli


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Para-lawyers: Other Legal Occupations, Pages 11027-11031, H.M. Kritzer


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Paradigms in the Social Sciences, Pages 11023-11027, M. Dogan


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Parapsychology, Pages 11031-11035, R. Hyman


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Parenthood and Adult Psychological Developments, Pages 11035-11038, P.A.


Cowan, C.P. Cowan
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Parenting in Ethnic Minority Families: United States, Pages 11042-11045, M.N.


Wilson, M. D'Amico
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Parenting: Attitudes and Beliefs, Pages 11038-11041, J.E. Grusec


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Parents and Teachers as Partners in Education, Pages 11045-11048, M.A. Payne


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Pareto, Vilfredo (1848–1923), Pages 11048-11051, G. Eisermann


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Parietal Lobe, Pages 11051-11054, M.E. Goldberg


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Parliamentary Government, Pages 11054-11058, K. von Beyme


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Parliaments, History of, Pages 11058-11063, E.C. de Rezende Martins


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Parsons, Talcott (1902–79), Pages 11063-11068, D. Sciulli


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Partial Orders, Pages 11068-11073, R. Suck


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Participant Observation, Pages 11073-11078, G.A. Fine


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Participation: Political, Pages 11078-11082, C.J. Uhlaner


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Parties/Movements: Extreme Right, Pages 11087-11090, C.T. Husbands


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Parties: Litigants and Claimants, Pages 11082-11086, K.A. Kinsey


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Partner Selection across Culture, Psychology of, Pages 11090-11092, S. Kapadia


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Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Western Societies, Pages 11092-11099,


K. Kiernan
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Party Identification, Pages 11099-11103, D. Sanders


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Party Responsibility, Pages 11103-11106, A. Ranney


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Party Systems, Pages 11106-11108, P. Mair


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Pastoralism in Anthropology, Pages 11108-11111, G. Dahl

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Abstract PDF (60 K)

Patient Adherence to Health Care Regimens, Pages 11111-11115, M.R. DiMatteo


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Patriotism, Pages 11116-11118, G. Schochet


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Patron–Client Relationships, Anthropology of, Pages 11118-11120, L. Roniger


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Pattern Matching: Methodology, Pages 11121-11127, W.N. Dunn


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Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (1849–1936), Pages 11127-11130, D.A. Powell


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Pay and Compensation, Psychology of, Pages 11130-11134, H. Thierry


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Peace, Pages 11134-11139, J. Galtung


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Peace and Nonviolence: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 11140-11144, R.K. Dentan


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Peace Movements, Pages 11144-11147, C. Chatfield


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Peace Movements, History of, Pages 11147-11151, K. Holl


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Peace Promotion, Psychology of, Pages 11151-11155, M. Wessells


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Peacemaking in History, Pages 11155-11159, J. Fisch


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Pearson, Karl (1857–1936), Pages 11159-11163, J. Aldrich


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Peasants and Rural Societies in History (Agricultural History), Pages 11163-11168,


J. Myrdal
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Peasants in Anthropology, Pages 11169-11171, M. Kearney


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Pecuniary Issues in Medical Services: Ethical Aspects, Pages 11171-11176, H. Kühn


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Pedagogical Reform Movement, History of, Pages 11176-11179, J. Oelkers


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Peer Review and Quality Control, Pages 11179-11183, S. Funtowicz


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People in Organizations, Pages 11183-11189, J.A. Chatman, J.A. Goncalo


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Peptides and Psychiatry, Pages 11189-11195, K.J. Ressler, C.B. Nemeroff


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Perception and Action, Pages 11195-11198, B. Hommel


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Perception and Cognition, Single-/Multi-neuronal Recording Studies of, Pages


11198-11202, R.E. Hampson, S.A. Deadwyler
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Perception of Extrapersonal Space: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages


11205-11209, C.L. Colby
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Perception without Awareness, Psychology of, Pages 11215-11218, R. Reber, W.


Perrig
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Perception: History of the Concept, Pages 11202-11205, G. Hatfield


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Perception: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11209-11215, I. Gold


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Perceptrons, Pages 11218-11221, L.N. Kanal


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Perceptual Constancy: Direct versus Constructivist Theories, Pages 11221-11224,


J. Norman
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Perceptual Learning, Pages 11224-11227, M. Fahle


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Perceptual Organization, Pages 11227-11231, W.H. Ehrenstein


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Performance Evaluation in Work Settings, Pages 11236-11240, W.C. Borman


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Performance: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 11231-11236, F. Hughes-Freeland


Abstract PDF (266 K)

Person and Self: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11240-11243, A. Ferrara


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Person Perception, Accuracy of, Pages 11243-11246, D.C. Funder


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Person-centered Psychotherapy, Pages 11330-11333, N.J. Raskin


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Person-centered Research, Pages 11333-11339, L.R. Bergman, D. Magnusson


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Personal Identity: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11247-11250, G. Nunner-Winkler


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Personal Privacy: Cultural Concerns, Pages 11250-11254, J.M. Smith


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Personality and Adaptive Behaviors, Pages 11254-11256, G.V. Caprara


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Personality and Conceptions of the Self, Pages 11256-11260, M.R. Leary


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Personality and Crime, Pages 11260-11264, D.P. Farrington, D. Jolliffe


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Personality and Health, Pages 11264-11270, H.S. Friedman


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Personality and Marriage, Pages 11270-11274, B.R. Karney


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Personality and Risk Taking, Pages 11274-11276, E.U. Weber


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Personality and Social Behavior, Pages 11276-11281, R.F. Baumeister, J.M. Twenge
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Personality Assessment, Pages 11281-11287, D. Cervone, G.V. Caprara


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Personality Development and Temperament, Pages 11287-11290, J.S. Kagan


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Personality Development in Adulthood, Pages 11290-11295, L.L. Carstensen


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Personality Development in Childhood, Pages 11295-11300, W. Graziano


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Personality Disorders, Pages 11301-11308, H. Saß


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Personality Psychology, Pages 11308-11313, D.P. McAdams


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Personality Psychology: Methods, Pages 11313-11317, J.A. Johnson


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Personality Structure, Pages 11317-11320, J.S. Wiggins


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Personality Theories, Pages 11320-11326, W. Mischel, R. Mendoza-Denton


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Personality Theory and Psychopathology, Pages 11326-11330, S. Wonderlich


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Personhood, Anthropology of, Pages 11339-11343, N.J. Rapport


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Personnel Selection, Psychology of, Pages 11343-11348, H. Schuler


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Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (1746–1827), Pages 11349-11353, P. Korte


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Phantom Limbs, Pages 11353-11357, J. Katz


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Phenomenology in Human Science, Pages 11357-11361, C.F. Graumann


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Phenomenology in Sociology, Pages 11361-11363, J. Williams


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Phenomenology: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11363-11369, K. Mulligan


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Philanthropy, Economics of, Pages 11369-11376, J. Andreoni


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Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Pages 11376-11381, H.M. Emrich, W.


Paetzold
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Phonetics: Articulatory, Pages 11381-11386, P.A. Keating


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Phonology, Pages 11386-11392, S.R. Anderson


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Phonology, Nonlinear, Pages 11392-11395, J.J. McCarthy


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Photography as a Medium, Pages 11395-11402, K. Becker


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Photojournalism, Pages 11402-11405, H. Hardt


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Phylogeny and Systematics, Pages 11405-11411, P.H. Harvey


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Physical Activity and Health, Pages 11411-11415, R. Fuchs


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Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Pages 11415-11418, W. Schlicht


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Physical Sciences: History and Sociology, Pages 11418-11422, J. Krige


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Physicalism and Alternatives, Pages 11422-11427, B.P. McLaughlin


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Piaget, Jean (1896–1980), Pages 11427-11433, J. Montangero


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Piaget's Theory of Child Development, Pages 11434-11437, A. de Ribaupierre


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Piaget's Theory of Human Development and Education, Pages 11437-11440, J.J.


Vonèche
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Pidgin and Creole Languages, Pages 11440-11445, S. Mufwene


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Pilgrimage, Pages 11445-11448, S. Coleman


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Place in Geography, Pages 11448-11451, E. Relph


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Place, Power of, Pages 11451-11455, D. Hayden


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Placebo Studies (Double-blind Studies), Pages 11455-11460, E. Shapiro


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Placebos, Use of: Ethical Aspects, Pages 11460-11463, J.E. Sieber


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Plagues and Diseases in History, Pages 11463-11466, J.L. Peset


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Planetary Cartography, Pages 11466-11469, P. Stooke


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Planning Ethics, Pages 11474-11479, S. Hendler


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Planning Issues and Sustainable Development, Pages 11479-11482, P. Newman


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Planning Theory (North American), Pages 11491-11497, S.J. Mandelbaum


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Planning Theory: Interaction with Institutional Contexts, Pages 11485-11491, P.


Healey
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Planning, Administrative Organization of, Pages 11469-11474, R.E. Tustian


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Planning, Politics of, Pages 11483-11485, E.M. Patashnik


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Plasticity in Human Behavior across the Lifespan, Pages 11497-11501, J.


Heckhausen, T. Singer
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Play and Development in Children, Pages 11501-11503, A.D. Pellegrini, P.K. Smith
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Play, Anthropology of, Pages 11503-11507, D. Handelman


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Plea Bargaining, Pages 11507-11513, M. Heumann


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Plural Societies, Pages 11513-11516, J. Nagata


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Pluralism, Pages 11516-11520, R.J. Ellis


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Pluralism and Toleration, Pages 11520-11526, O. Hoffe


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Polanyi, Karl (1886–1964), Pages 11526-11529, G. Lengyel


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Police and Politics, Pages 11529-11532, M. Anderson


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Police, Sociology of, Pages 11532-11535, H.-J. Albrecht, D. Nogala


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Policing, Pages 11535-11541, J.H. Skolnick


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Policy History: Origins, Pages 11541-11547, I. Katznelson


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Policy History: Regimes, Pages 11547-11553, D. Waldner


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Policy History: State and Economy, Pages 11554-11559, F. Block


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Policy Information, Pages 11560-11563, M. Straf


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Policy Knowledge: Advocacy Organizations, Pages 11563-11568, P.A. Sabatier, M.A.


Zafonte
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Policy Knowledge: Census, Pages 11568-11573, K. Prewitt


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Policy Knowledge: Contract Research, Pages 11574-11578, H. Wollmann


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Policy Knowledge: Epistemic Communities, Pages 11578-11586, P.M. Haas


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Policy Knowledge: Foundations, Pages 11586-11591, K. Prewitt


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Policy Knowledge: New Liberalism, Pages 11591-11599, M.O. Furner


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Policy Knowledge: Nonprofit Institutions, Pages 11599-11605, D.T. Critchlow


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Policy Knowledge: Universities, Pages 11605-11608, D. Court


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Policy Networks, Pages 11608-11613, W.D. Coleman


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Policy Process: Business Participation, Pages 11613-11620, D. Vogel

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Politeness and Language, Pages 11620-11624, P. Brown


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Political Advertising, Pages 11624-11628, S. Ansolabehere


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Political Anthropology, Pages 11628-11631, J. Spencer


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Political Communication, Pages 11631-11640, P. Norris


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Political Culture, Pages 11640-11644, M.J. Aronoff


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Political Discourse, Pages 11644-11649, D.E. Apter


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Political Economy in Anthropology, Pages 11653-11656, J.S. Kahn


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Political Economy, History of, Pages 11649-11653, K. Tribe


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Political Elites: Recruitment and Careers, Pages 11656-11661, S. Rothman


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Political Geography, Pages 11661-11667, A.B. Murphy


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Political History (History of Politics), Pages 11667-11673, J.J. Sheehan


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Political Lawyering, Pages 11673-11678, T.C. Halliday, L. Karpik


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Political Machines, Pages 11678-11681, W.G. Mayer


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Political Money and Party Finance, Pages 11681-11684, T.E. Mann


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Political Parties, Pages 11684-11687, A. Ranney


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Political Parties, History of, Pages 11687-11693, E.C. de Rezende Martins


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Political Protest and Civil Disobedience, Pages 11693-11696, D. Chong


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Political Representation, Pages 11696-11698, D.F. Thompson


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Political Science: Overview, Pages 11698-11701, N.W. Polsby


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Political Sociology, Pages 11701-11706, E. Allardt


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Political Thought, History of, Pages 11706-11712, B. Wittrock


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Political Trials, Pages 11712-11717, L. Bilsky


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Politics, Formal Modeling of, Pages 11717-11719, J.S. Banks


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Polling, Pages 11719-11723, R.Y. Shapiro


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Polynesia and Micronesia: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 11723-11727, N. Besnier


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Popper, Karl Raimund (1902–94), Pages 11727-11733, P. Schroeder-Heister


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Popular Culture, Pages 11733-11737, P. Mankekar


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Population Aging: Economic and Social Consequences, Pages 11737-11741, J.


Légaré
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Population and Technological Change in Agriculture, Pages 11742-11744, P. Pingali


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Population Composition by Race and Ethnicity: North America, Pages 11745-


11749, M. Tienda, A. Morning
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Population Cycles and Demographic Behavior, Pages 11749-11755, R. Ohlsson


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Population Cycles, Formal Theory of, Pages 11755-11758, S. Tuljapurkar


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Population Dynamics: Classical Applications of Stable Population Theory, Pages


11758-11762, T.W. Pullum
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Population Dynamics: Mathematic Models of Population, Development, and


Natural Resources, Pages 11762-11766, A. Fürnkranz-Prskawetz
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Population Dynamics: Momentum of Population Growth, Pages 11766-11769, Y.J.


Kim
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Population Dynamics: Probabilistic Extinction, Stability, and Explosion


Theorems, Pages 11769-11771, P. Jagers
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Population Dynamics: Theory of Nonstable Populations, Pages 11771-11773, C.Y.


Cyrus Chu

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Abstract PDF (68 K)

Population Dynamics: Theory of Stable Populations, Pages 11773-11777, J.H.


Pollard
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Population Dynamics: Two-sex Demographic Models, Pages 11777-11780, R.A.


Pollak
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Population Ecology, Pages 11780-11784, M.T. Hannan


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Population Forecasts, Pages 11789-11793, J.M. Alho


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Population Policies, Politics of, Pages 11793-11798, J.L. Finkle


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Population Policy: International, Pages 11798-11805, M. Catley-Carson


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Population Pressure, Resources, and the Environment: Industrialized World,


Pages 11805-11809, M.S. Teitelbaum
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Population Size Estimation and Capture–Recapture Methods, Pages 11809-11813,


R. Cormack
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Population, Economic Development, and Poverty, Pages 11784-11789, A.C. Kelley


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Populism, Pages 11813-11816, R.B. Collier


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Pornography, Pages 11816-11821, N.M. Malamuth


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Positivism, History of, Pages 11821-11827, S. Fuller


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Positivism: Sociological, Pages 11827-11831, J.H. Turner


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Possession (Linguistic), Pages 11831-11834, J. Broschart


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Post-Keynesian Thought, Pages 11849-11856, G.C. Harcourt


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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Pages 11881-11885, M. Newman


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Postal Systems, Pages 11834-11838, R.R. John


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Postcolonial Geography, Pages 11838-11841, J.M. Jacobs


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Postcolonial Law, Pages 11841-11844, E. Darian-Smith


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Postcoloniality, Pages 11844-11849, J.D. Kelly


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Postmodern Urbanism, Pages 11856-11860, M.J. Dear


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Postmodernism in Geography, Pages 11860-11865, E.W. Soja


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Postmodernism in Sociology, Pages 11865-11868, A. Preda


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Postmodernism: Methodology, Pages 11868-11872, P.V. Rosenau


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Postmodernism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11872-11877, P. Patton


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Postsocialist Societies, Pages 11877-11881, M. Grekova


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Potlatch in Anthropology, Pages 11885-11889, M.E. Harkin


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Poverty and Child Development, Pages 11889-11894, T. Leventhal, J. Brooks-Gunn


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Poverty and Gender in Affluent Nations, Pages 11894-11900, S.S. McLanahan, M.J.
Carlson
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Poverty and Gender in Developing Nations, Pages 11900-11904, I. Tinker


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Poverty in History, Pages 11907-11911, W. Fischer


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Poverty Law, Pages 11911-11917, J.F. Handler


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Poverty Policy, Pages 11924-11928, Z. Ferge


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Poverty, Culture of, Pages 11904-11907, P. Bourgois


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Poverty, Sociology of, Pages 11928-11932, T.M. Smeeding


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Poverty: Measurement and Analysis, Pages 11917-11924, R.H. Haveman


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Power in Society, Pages 11932-11936, S.R. Clegg


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Power: Political, Pages 11936-11939, A.S. McFarland

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Abstract PDF (60 K)

Practical Reasoning: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11939-11945, R.J. Wallace


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Practice: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 11945-11948, S. Kemper


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Pragmatics: Linguistic, Pages 11948-11954, S.C. Levinson


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Pragmatism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 11954-11958, P. Godfrey-Smith


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Pragmatist Social Thought, History of, Pages 11958-11961, H. Joas


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Pre-motor Cortex, Pages 11989-11994, G. Rizzolatti, G. Luppino


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Precautionary Principle, Pages 11961-11963, D. Golding


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Prefectorial Government, Pages 11963-11965, B.G. Peters


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Preference Models with Latent Variables, Pages 11965-11969, U. Böckenholt


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Prefrontal Cortex, Pages 11969-11976, J.M. Fuster


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Prefrontal Cortex Development and Development of Cognitive Function, Pages


11976-11982, A. Diamond
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Prehistoric Art, Pages 11982-11986, M.W. Conkey


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Prejudice in Society, Pages 11986-11989, J.-P. Leyens


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Prenatal and Infant Development: Overview, Pages 11994-11997, L.P. Lipsitt, C.


Rovee-Collier
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Presidency: United States, Pages 11998-12000, J. Hart


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Presidential Government, Pages 12000-12006, J.J. Linz


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Presidential Personality, Pages 12006-12008, F.I. Greenstein


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Presidential Popularity, Pages 12008-12010, M.B. Grossman


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Primary Elections, Pages 12011-12014, W.G. Mayer

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Primary School Education, Pages 12014-12017, J. Brophy


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Primate Behavior: Significance for Understanding Humans, Pages 12017-12023,


E.A. Fox, J. Altmann
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Primate Families, Structure of, Pages 12023-12028, P. Gagneux


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Primate Socioecology, Pages 12028-12032, J.B. Silk


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Primates, Evolution of, Pages 12032-12038, R.D. Martin


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Primates, Social Behavior of, Pages 12038-12042, R.W. Sussman


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Priming, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 12042-12046, M.E.J. Masson


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Primitive Society, Pages 12046-12050, A.F. Robertson


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Printing as a Medium, Pages 12050-12055, A. Johns


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Prison Life, Sociology of, Pages 12055-12059, P. Rock


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Prisoners' Dilemma, One-shot and Iterated, Pages 12059-12062, F. Schick


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Prisons and Imprisonment, Pages 12062-12067, M. Tonry


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Privacy of Individuals in Social Research: Confidentiality, Pages 12070-12072, R.F.


Boruch
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Privacy: Legal Aspects, Pages 12067-12070, R. Garison


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Privatization of the Economy, Pages 12072-12075, A.E. Goldstein


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Probabilistic Grammars and their Applications, Pages 12075-12082, S. Geman, M.


Johnson
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Probabilistic Thinking, Pages 12082-12089, R.M. Dawes


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Probability and Chance: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 12089-12095, C. Hitchcock


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Probability: Formal, Pages 12099-12104, J.M. Steele


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Probability: Interpretations, Pages 12104-12110, T. Seidenfeld


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Problem Selection in the Social Sciences: Methodology, Pages 12110-12117, W.C.


Ultee
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Problem Solving (Everyday), Psychology of, Pages 12130-12133, S.J. Payne


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Problem Solving (Joint), Psychology of, Pages 12133-12136, N. Miyake


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Problem Solving and Reasoning, Psychology of, Pages 12120-12123, H.A. Simon
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Problem Solving and Reasoning: Case-based, Pages 12117-12120, D.B. Leake


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Problem Solving: Deduction, Induction, and Analogical Reasoning, Pages 12123-


12130, F. Klix
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Procedure: Legal Aspects, Pages 12136-12141, J. Resnik


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Procrustes Analysis, Pages 12141-12143, J.G. Gower


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Production Systems in Cognitive Psychology, Pages 12143-12146, R.M. Young


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Professionalization of Social and Behavioral Scientists: United States, Pages


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Professionalization/Professions in History, Pages 12154-12160, H. Siegrist


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Professions in Organizations, Pages 12160-12166, C.R. Hinings


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Professions, Sociology of, Pages 12166-12169, A. Abbott


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Program Evaluation, Pages 12169-12173, C. Spiel


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Progress: History of the Concept, Pages 12173-12177, D. Ross


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Progressive Education Internationally, Pages 12177-12181, V. Lenhart


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Projective Methods in Psychology, Pages 12181-12185, G. Stricker, K. Somary


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Pronouns, Pages 12185-12190, U. Wiesemann


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Property Rights, Pages 12205-12208, D.B. Needham


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Property, Philosophy of, Pages 12199-12205, S. Dodds


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Property: Legal Aspects, Pages 12190-12196, P.S. Menell


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Property: Legal Aspects of Intergenerational Transmission, Pages 12196-12199, R.


Chester
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Prophetism, Pages 12208-12212, M. Hamilton


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Prophylaxis in Psychiatry, Pages 12212-12216, J. Levine, S. Gershon


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Proportional Representation, Pages 12216-12219, J.H. Nagel


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Propositional Representations in Psychology, Pages 12219-12224, C.H. Frederiksen


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Prosecution, Pages 12224-12230, K. Levine, M. Feeley


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Prosocial Behavior and Empathy: Developmental Processes, Pages 12230-12233,


M.L. Hoffman
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Prosopagnosia, Pages 12233-12236, A.W. Young


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Prosopography (Collective Biography), Pages 12236-12241, C. Charle


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Prospective Memory, Psychology of, Pages 12241-12244, M.A. McDaniel, G.O. Einstein
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Prostitution, Pages 12244-12247, J. O'Connell Davidson


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Protein Synthesis and Memory, Pages 12247-12252, B.W. Agranoff


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Protestantism and Gender, Pages 12252-12256, B.W. Harrison


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Protocol Analysis in Psychology, Pages 12256-12262, K.A. Ericsson


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Psychiatric Assessment: Negative Symptoms, Pages 12262-12267, H.-J. Möller


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Psychiatric Care, Economics of, Pages 12267-12272, S. Tyutyulkova, S.S. Sharfstein


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Psychiatric Disorders: Culture-specific, Pages 12272-12277, W.G. Jilek


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Psychiatry and Sociology, Pages 12277-12283, H. Katschnig


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Psychiatry, Evidence-based, Pages 12287-12292, G. Andrews


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Psychiatry, History of, Pages 12292-12296, J. Goldstein


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Psychiatry: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 12283-12287, A. Kraus


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Psychiatry: Informed Consent and Care, Pages 12296-12302, L.W. Roberts


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Psychoanalysis in Clinical Psychology, Pages 12319-12325, P. Fonagy


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Psychoanalysis in Sociology, Pages 12325-12328, A. Elliott


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Psychoanalysis, History of, Pages 12315-12319, E. Mühlleitner


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Psychoanalysis: Adolescence (Clinical–Developmental Approach), Pages 12302-


12308, G.G. Noam
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Psychoanalysis: Current Status, Pages 12308-12315, O.F. Kernberg


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Psychoanalysis: Overview, Pages 12328-12336, S. Gardner


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Psychobiology of Stress and Early Child Development, Pages 12336-12339, M.R.


Gunnar
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Psychohistory, Pages 12339-12343, R. Binion


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Psycholinguistics: Overview, Pages 12343-12349, B.J. MacWhinney


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Psychological Anthropology, Pages 12349-12355, J.M. Ingham


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Psychological Climate in the Work Setting, Pages 12355-12359, B.B. Baltes


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Psychological Development: Ethological and Evolutionary Approaches, Pages


12359-12363, C. Trevarthen
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Psychological Therapies: Emotional Processing, Pages 12363-12369, E.B. Foa, S.P.


Cahill
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Psychological Treatment Delivered Nontraditionally, Pages 12369-12372, M.K.


Jacobs
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Psychological Treatment, Effectiveness of, Pages 12372-12377, M.J. Lambert, E.J.


Hawkins
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Psychological Treatments, Empirically Supported, Pages 12377-12383, W.C.


Sanderson
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Psychological Treatments: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, Pages 12383-


12388, W.S. Agras
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Psychologism, History of, Pages 12388-12390, M. Kusch


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Psychology and Economics, Pages 12390-12396, K. Fiedler, M. Wänke


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Psychology and Marketing, Pages 12396-12399, B.J. Calder, A.M. Tybout


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Psychology of the Real Self: Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Pages 12405-12409, J.F.


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Psychology: Historical and Cultural Perspectives, Pages 12399-12405, M.G. Ash


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Psychology: Overview, Pages 12409-12416, W. Schönpflug


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Psychometrics, Pages 12416-12422, J.O. Ramsay


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Psychoneuroimmunology, Pages 12422-12428, R. Ader


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Psychopharmacotherapy, Costs of, Pages 12428-12434, J. Fritze


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Psychopharmacotherapy: Side Effects, Pages 12434-12439, N.R. Schooler, H. Gunduz


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Psychophysical Theory and Laws, History of, Pages 12439-12444, S.W. Link
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Psychophysics, Pages 12444-12448, D. Laming


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Psychophysiology, Pages 12448-12452, A. Schell, M.E. Dawson


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Psychosomatic Medicine, Pages 12452-12457, D. Oken


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Psychotherapy and Hermeneutics, Pages 12458-12460, C. Strenger


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Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy, Combined, Pages 12460-12466, R. Balon,


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Psychotherapy and Religion, Pages 12466-12470, V.A. Waldorf, T.B. Moyers


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Psychotherapy Integration, Pages 12491-12494, J.C. Norcross


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Psychotherapy Process Research, Pages 12499-12504, D.E. Orlinsky


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Psychotherapy, Brief Psychodynamic, Pages 12470-12473, J.P. Barber, R. Stratt


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Psychotherapy, History of: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 12484-12491, S. Bloch, E.


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Psychotherapy: Case Study, Pages 12473-12475, F. Petermann, J.M. Müller


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Psychotherapy: Clinical Practice Guidelines, Pages 12476-12480, K. Strosahl, P.


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Psychotherapy: Ethical Issues, Pages 12480-12484, J. Younggren


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Psychotherapy: Legal Issues (United States), Pages 12494-12499, S.R. Hall, B.D.
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Puberty, Psychosocial Correlates of, Pages 12504-12507, A.C. Petersen


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Public Administration, Politics of, Pages 12512-12515, P. Eisinger


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Public Administration: Organizational Aspects, Pages 12507-12512, J. Johnston


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Public Broadcasting, Pages 12515-12519, M. Tracey


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Public Bureaucracies, Pages 12519-12521, F.E. Rourke


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Public Commemoration, Pages 12521-12526, J. Winter

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Public Good, The: Cultural Concerns, Pages 12526-12530, H. Münkler, K. Fischer


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Public Goods: International, Pages 12530-12535, A. Héritier


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Public Health, Pages 12535-12540, L. Murard, P. Zylberman


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Public Health as a Social Science, Pages 12540-12546, B. Oldenburg


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Public Interest, Pages 12546-12549, M. Blitz


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Public Interest Law, Pages 12549-12553, C. Halpern


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Public Management, New, Pages 12553-12556, C. Hood


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Public Opinion: Microsociological Aspects, Pages 12556-12560, T. Kuran


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Public Opinion: Political Aspects, Pages 12560-12563, L.M. Bartels


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Public Policy Schools, Pages 12563-12567, J.W. Ellwood, E. Smolensky


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Public Psychiatry and Public Mental Health Systems, Pages 12567-12572, J.A.
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Public Reason, Pages 12572-12578, G.F. Gaus


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Public Relations in Media, Pages 12578-12581, H. Tumber


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Public Sector Organizations, Pages 12581-12585, G. Callender


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Public Sphere and the Media, Pages 12585-12590, N. Garnham


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Public Sphere: Eighteenth-century History, Pages 12590-12594, R. Chartier


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Public Sphere: Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century History, Pages 12594-12599, C.


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Publishing as Medium, Pages 12599-12603, L.J. Miller


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Punishment, Comparative Politics of, Pages 12603-12606, R.C. Fried

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Qualitative Methods in Geography, Pages 12618-12620, I. Dyck
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Authors Qualitative Methods, History of, Pages 12613-12617, J.R. Hall


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Quality Control, Statistical: Methods, Pages 12620-12624, R.V. Hogg
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Quality Control, Statistical: Reliability and Life Testing, Pages 12624-12628, N.D.
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Quality of Life: Assessment in Health Settings, Pages 12628-12631, C.A. O'Boyle


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Quangos in Politics, Pages 12631-12634, A. Barker


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Quantification in History, Pages 12634-12638, K.H. Jarausch, P.A. Coclanis


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Quantification in the History of the Social Sciences, Pages 12638-12644, T.M. Porter
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Quantifiers, in Linguistics, Pages 12644-12649, D. Gil


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Quantitative Cross-national Research Methods, Pages 12649-12655, G. Esping-


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Quasi-Experimental Designs, Pages 12655-12659, W.R. Shadish


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Queer Theory, Pages 12659-12663, S.D. Walters


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Questionnaires: Assessing Subjective Expectations, Pages 12663-12667, C.F.


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Questionnaires: Cognitive Approaches, Pages 12667-12673, N. Schwarz


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Quetelet, Adolphe (1796–1874), Pages 12673-12676, R. Lesthaeghe


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Queues, Pages 12676-12680, C. Armero, M.J. Bayarri


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Race and Gender Intersections, Pages 12681-12684, B. Robnett
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Authors Race and the Law, Pages 12684-12689, R.T. Ford


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Race and Urban Planning, Pages 12689-12694, J.M. Thomas
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Race Identity, Pages 12703-12706, T. Duster


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Race Relations in the United States, Politics of, Pages 12706-12711, K. Tate
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Race: Genetic Aspects, Pages 12694-12700, G. Barbujani


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Race: History of the Concept, Pages 12700-12703, D. Schnapper


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Racial Relations, Pages 12711-12716, J.R. Feagin


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Racism, History of, Pages 12716-12720, G.M. Fredrickson


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Racism, Sociology of, Pages 12720-12723, P.L. van den Berghe


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Radicalism, Pages 12723-12725, R. Barker


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Radio as Medium, Pages 12725-12731, J.E. Hayes


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Random Assignment: Implementation in Complex Field Settings, Pages 12731-


12734, R.G. St. Pierre
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Random Numbers, Pages 12734-12738, P. L'Ecuyer


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Ranke, Leopold von (1795–1886), Pages 12738-12741, W. Hardtwig


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Ranking Models, Mathematics of, Pages 12741-12747, D.E. Critchlow


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Rape and Sexual Coercion, Pages 12747-12751, P.R. Sanday


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Rational Choice and Organization Theory, Pages 12751-12755, M. Zey


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Rational Choice Explanation: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 12755-12760, R. Hardin


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Rational Choice in Politics, Pages 12760-12763, M.P. Fiorina


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Rational Choice Theory in Sociology, Pages 12768-12771, P. Abell


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Rational Choice Theory: Cultural Concerns, Pages 12763-12768, J. Elster


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Rational Theory of Cognition in Psychology, Pages 12771-12775, L. Schooler


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Rationalism, Pages 12775-12778, K. Minogue


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Rationality and Feminist Thought, Pages 12778-12782, G. Labouvie-Vief


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Rationality in Society, Pages 12782-12786, H.A. Simon


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Reactance, Psychology of, Pages 12786-12789, R.A. Wicklund


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Readability, Applied Psychology of, Pages 12789-12791, C.A. Weaver III, A. Renken
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Reading Nonalphabetic Scripts, Pages 12797-12800, T. Hatta


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Reading Skills, Pages 12800-12805, C.A. Perfetti


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Reading, Neural Basis of, Pages 12791-12797, J.A. Fiez


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Real Estate Development, Pages 12805-12812, R. Peiser

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Realism/Neorealism, Pages 12812-12815, A. Stein


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Realisms and their Opponents: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 12815-12821, U. Mäki


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Reasoning with Mental Models, Pages 12821-12824, P.N. Johnson-Laird


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Rechtsstaat (Rule of Law: German Perspective), Pages 12824-12829, P. Kunig


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Recognition Memory (in Primates), Neural Basis of, Pages 12829-12832, E.A. Murray
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Recognition Memory, Psychology of, Pages 12832-12835, H. Tajika


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Reconstruction/Disaster Planning: Germany, Pages 12835-12839, U. von Petz


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Reconstruction/Disaster Planning: Japan, Pages 12839-12841, J. Hasegawa


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Reconstruction/Disaster Planning: United States, Pages 12841-12844, R.J. Burby


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Reconstructive Memory, Psychology of, Pages 12844-12849, H.L. Roediger III


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Recovery of Function, Neural Basis of, Pages 12852-12857, D. Lavond


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Recovery of Function: Dependency on Age, Pages 12849-12852, B. Kolb


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Reduction, Varieties of, Pages 12857-12863, G. Oddie


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Reference and Representation: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 12863-12869, F.


Jackson
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Referendums, Pages 12869-12872, D.B. Magleby


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Reflective Equilibrium, Pages 12872-12877, N. Daniels


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Reflexivity in Anthropology, Pages 12877-12881, G.E. Marcus


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Reflexivity, in Science and Technology Studies, Pages 12881-12884, M. Ashmore


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Reflexivity: Method and Evidence, Pages 12884-12888, T. Hopf, F.V. Kratochwil, R.N.
Lebow

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Reform: Political, Pages 12888-12891, B.E. Cain


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Reformation and Confessionalization, Pages 12891-12895, H. Schilling


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Refugees in Anthropology, Pages 12901-12905, M. Eastmond


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Refugees: Geographical Aspects, Pages 12895-12901, J. Bascom


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Region: Geographical, Pages 12905-12908, M.B. Pudup


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Regional Geography, Pages 12908-12914, G. Wood


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Regional Government, Pages 12914-12917, R. Balme


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Regional Identity, Pages 12917-12922, J. Pohl


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Regional Integration, Pages 12922-12925, S.J. Hix


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Regional Planning, History of, Pages 12925-12930, D.A. Johnson


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Regional Science, Pages 12930-12935, A. Isserman


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Regionalism and Cultural Expression, Pages 12935-12939, W. Griswold


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Regression Discontinuity Design, Pages 12940-12945, W.M. Trochim


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Regulation and Administration, Pages 12945-12951, S. Sterett


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Regulation Theory in Geography, Pages 12974-12978, R. Danielzyk, J. Ossenbrügge


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Regulation, Economic Theory of, Pages 12951-12957, D.E.M. Sappington


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Regulation, Political Economy of, Pages 12967-12970, N.L. Rose


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Regulation: Empirical Analysis, Pages 12957-12963, N.L. Rose


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Regulation: Family and Gender, Pages 12963-12967, J. Lewis


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Regulation: Sexual Behavior, Pages 12970-12974, D. di Mauro


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Regulation: Working Conditions, Pages 12978-12982, F.J. Carré


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Regulatory Agencies, Pages 12982-12985, C.H. Foreman Jr.


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Rehabilitation (Cardiac): Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 12986-12988, D.W. Johnston


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Rehabilitation of the Offender, Pages 12988-12993, F. Lösel


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Reification: History of the Concept, Pages 12993-12996, F. Vandenberghe


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Reinforcement, Principle of, Pages 12999-13002, I.M. Evans


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Reinforcement: Neurochemical Substrates, Pages 12996-12999, J.D. Belluzzi, L. Stein


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Relapse Prevention Training, Pages 13002-13005, P.H. Wilson


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Relative Clauses, Pages 13005-13009, A.D. Andrews


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Relativism, Pluralism, and Skepticism (Philosophical Perspective): Cultural


Concerns, Pages 13018-13023, W.C. Booth
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Relativism: Cognitive, Pages 13009-13012, M. Bunge


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Relativism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 13012-13018, M. Baghramian


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Reliability: Measurement, Pages 13023-13028, D. Rindskopf


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Religion and Economic Life, Pages 13028-13034, R.H. Roberts


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Religion and Gender, Pages 13034-13037, M.J.F. Rosado Nunes


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Religion and Health, Pages 13037-13040, E.L. Idler


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Religion and Politics: United States, Pages 13040-13044, D.C. Leege


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Religion and Science, Pages 13044-13051, G.B. Ferngren


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Religion and Youth, Pages 13051-13054, S. Collins

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Religion, History of, Pages 13071-13077, F.W. Graf, A. Reuter


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Religion, Phenomenology of, Pages 13093-13096, H. Knoblauch


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Religion, Psychology of, Pages 13102-13106, F. Watts


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Religion, Sociology of, Pages 13106-13112, R. O'Toole


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Religion: Culture Contact, Pages 13054-13060, D. Maxwell


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Religion: Definition and Explanation, Pages 13060-13062, P. Byrne


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Religion: Evolution and Development, Pages 13062-13066, R.N. Bellah


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Religion: Family and Kinship, Pages 13066-13071, K. Knott


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Religion: Mobilization and Power, Pages 13077-13082, M. Percy


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Religion: Morality and Social Control, Pages 13082-13085, C. Davies


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Religion: Nationalism and Identity, Pages 13085-13090, A.D. Smith


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Religion: Peace, War, and Violence, Pages 13090-13093, D. Martin


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Religion: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 13096-13102, G.T. Harding IV


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Religiosity, Sociology of, Pages 13115-13119, K.J. Christiano


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Religiosity: Modern, Pages 13112-13115, P. Heelas


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Religious Fundamentalism: Cultural Concerns, Pages 13119-13123, M.E. Marty


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Religious Nationalism and the Secular State: Cultural Concerns, Pages 13123-
13127, T.N. Madan
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Religious Organizations, Pages 13127-13132, J.A. Beckford


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Religious Specialists, Pages 13132-13136, S. Gilliat-Ray


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Religious Stratification, Pages 13136-13139, B.S. Turner


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Remedies and Damages: Legal Aspects, Pages 13139-13144, T. Eisenberg


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Remote Sensing, Pages 13144-13150, J. Estes, K. Kline, E. Collins


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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Analysis, Pages 13150-


13155, E.F. Lambin
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Renaissance, Pages 13155-13160, B. Roeck


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Repartnering and Stepchildren, Pages 13160-13164, F.K. Goldscheider


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Replication, Pages 13164-13167, R. Rosenthal


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Representation of Serial Order, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 13171-13174, J.


Hoffmann
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Representation: History of the Problem, Pages 13167-13171, P. Wagner


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Representations and Rituals of the State, Pages 13174-13180, D.I. Kertzer


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Reproductive Medicine: Ethical Aspects, Pages 13180-13184, G. Hermerén


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Reproductive Rights in Affluent Nations, Pages 13184-13188, S. Staggenborg


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Reproductive Rights in Developing Nations, Pages 13188-13193, S. Corrêa


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Republic, Pages 13193-13196, A.W. Saxonhouse


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Republican Party, Pages 13196-13199, J.F. Bibby


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Republicanism: Impact on Social Thought, Pages 13199-13204, M.E. Vatter


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Republicanism: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 13204-13210, M.N.S. Sellers


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Reputation, Pages 13210-13216, K. Lang, G.E. Lang


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Resampling Methods of Estimation, Pages 13216-13220, B. Efron, D. Rogosa, R.


Tibshirani
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Research and Development in Organizations, Pages 13220-13224, K. Pavitt


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Research Conduct: Ethical Codes, Pages 13224-13227, F. Thiele


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Research Ethics, Cross-cultural Dimensions of, Pages 13231-13235, D. Tuzin


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Research Ethics: Research, Pages 13235-13240, J.E. Sieber


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Research Funding: Ethical Aspects, Pages 13240-13242, Ørjar Øyen


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Research Publication: Ethical Aspects, Pages 13242-13246, F. Di Trocchio


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Research Subjects, Informed and Implied Consent of, Pages 13246-13250, P.S.
Appelbaum
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Research: Ethical Aspects of Long-term Responsibilities, Pages 13227-13231, C.F.


Gethmann
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Residential Concentration/Segregation, Demographic Effects of, Pages 13250-


13254, M.J. White
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Residential Environmental Psychology, Pages 13254-13258, R. Gifford


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Residential Segregation: Geographic Aspects, Pages 13258-13263, S.J. Smith


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Residential Segregation: Sociological Aspects, Pages 13263-13266, D.S. Massey


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Resource Geography, Pages 13266-13269, G. Bridge


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Resource Institutions, Pages 13269-13272, A. Agrawal


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Resources and Environment: Contingent Valuation, Pages 13272-13275, R.T. Carson


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Respiratory Disorders: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 13275-13279, A.A. Kaptein


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Responsibility: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 13279-13283, M. Oshana


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Retail Trade, Pages 13283-13286, A. Ghosh


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Retirement and Health, Pages 13286-13289, P. Moen


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Retirement, Economics of, Pages 13289-13294, A.L. Gustman, T.L. Steinmeier


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Reviews, Critics, and Cultural Gatekeepers, Pages 13295-13299, H. Verdaasdonk


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Revolution, Pages 13299-13302, R. Stahler-Sholk


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Revolutions of 1989–90 in Eastern Central Europe, Pages 13306-13310, K. von


Beyme
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Revolutions, History of, Pages 13302-13306, J. Leith


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Revolutions, Sociology of, Pages 13310-13314, J. Markoff


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Revolutions, Theories of, Pages 13314-13317, R. Aya


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Rhetoric, Pages 13317-13323, G.A. Kennedy


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Rhetorical Analysis, Pages 13323-13327, P. Larsen


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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 13327-13330, E. Taal


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Ricardo, David (1772–1823), Pages 13330-13334, P.A. Samuelson


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Right-wing Movements in the United States: Women and Gender, Pages 13344-
13347, R.E. Klatch
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Rights, Pages 13334-13339, D. MacLean


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Rights: Legal Aspects, Pages 13339-13344, M. McCann, S. Scheingold


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Risk Screening, Testing, and Diagnosis: Ethical Aspects, Pages 13351-13356, G.


Hermerén
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Risk, Sociological Study of, Pages 13356-13360, E.A. Rosa, W.R. Freudenburg
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Risk, Sociology and Politics of, Pages 13360-13364, S. Yearley


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Risk: Empirical Studies on Decision and Choice, Pages 13347-13351, E.U. Weber
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Risk: Theories of Decision and Choice, Pages 13364-13368, M. Weber


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Ritual, Pages 13368-13371, D. Parkin


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Ritual and Symbolism, Archaeology of, Pages 13371-13375, R.A. Joyce


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Robinson, Joan (1903–83), Pages 13375-13379, G.C. Harcourt, P.M. Kerr


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Robustness in Statistics, Pages 13379-13385, S. Morgenthaler


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Rogers, Carl Ransom (1902–87), Pages 13385-13390, H. Kirschenbaum


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Rokkan, Stein (1921–79), Pages 13390-13394, P. Flora


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Romanticism: Impact on Social Thought, Pages 13394-13398, H. Friese


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Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78), Pages 13398-13403, J. Oelkers


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Rule of Law, Pages 13403-13408, M. Krygier


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Rules in the Legal Process, Pages 13408-13413, R.A. Kagan


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Rumors and Urban Legends, Pages 13413-13416, J.-B. Renard


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Rural Geography, Pages 13416-13421, J. Little


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Rural Industrialization in Developing Nations and Gender, Pages 13421-13425, P.


Arias
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Rural Planning: General, Pages 13425-13429, H.C. Dandekar


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Rural Sociology, Pages 13429-13433, F.H. Buttel


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Russian Revolution, The, Pages 13433-13437, M. Hildermeier


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


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Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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General information
Sacrifice, Pages 13439-13441, D. Hicks
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Subject classification

Authors Safety, Economics of, Pages 13441-13448, J.F. Burton Jr.


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Article titles
Sample Surveys, History of, Pages 13453-13458, S.E. Fienberg, J.M. Tanur
Subject index Abstract PDF (80 K)

Sample Surveys: Cognitive Aspects of Survey Design, Pages 13448-13453, J.M.


Tanur
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Sample Surveys: Methods, Pages 13458-13462, C.M. Cassel, L. Lyberg


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Sample Surveys: Model-based Approaches, Pages 13462-13467, S.L. Lohr


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Sample Surveys: Nonprobability Sampling, Pages 13467-13470, J.J. Forster


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Sample Surveys: Survey Design Issues and Strategies, Pages 13470-13475, H.


Schuman
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Sample Surveys: The Field, Pages 13475-13480, L. Lyberg, C.M. Cassel


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Sanctions in Political Science, Pages 13480-13482, D.A. Baldwin


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Sapir, Edward (1884–1939), Pages 13482-13486, V. Golla


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Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis, Pages 13486-13490, J.A. Lucy


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Sauer, Carl Ortwin (1889–1975), Pages 13490-13492, M. Williams


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Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913), Pages 13492-13495, E.F.K. Koerner


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Savage, Leonard J (1917–71), Pages 13495-13499, D.V. Lindley


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Savings Behavior: Demographic Influences, Pages 13499-13501, A. Mason


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Scale in Geography, Pages 13501-13504, D.R. Montello


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Scaling and Classification in Social Measurement, Pages 13504-13508, D.R. Heise


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Scaling: Correspondence Analysis, Pages 13508-13512, M. Greenacre


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Scaling: Multidimensional, Pages 13512-13519, J. de Leeuw


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Scandal: Political, Pages 13519-13522, J.B. Thompson


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Schemas, Frames, and Scripts in Cognitive Psychology, Pages 13522-13526, P.


Whitney
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Schemas, Social Psychology of, Pages 13526-13530, D.E. Carlston, L. Mae


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Schizophrenia, Pages 13530-13537, R. Warner


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Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Genetic Aspects, Pages 13537-13543, D.K.


Kinney
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Schizophrenia, Treatment of, Pages 13546-13552, T. Pollmächer


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Schizophrenia: Neuroscience Perspective, Pages 13543-13546, C.D. Frith, S.-J.


Blakemore
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School (Alternative Models): Ideas and Institutions, Pages 13560-13563, A.


Leschinsky
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School Achievement: Cognitive and Motivational Determinants, Pages 13552-


13556, A. Helmke, F.-W. Schrader
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School Administration as a Field of Inquiry, Pages 13556-13560, D.J. Willower


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School as a Social System, Pages 13563-13567, M. Hallinan


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School Effectiveness Research, Pages 13567-13572, J. Scheerens


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School Improvement, Pages 13572-13576, B.P.M. Creemers


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School Learning for Transfer, Pages 13576-13579, G. Salomon


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School Management, Pages 13580-13583, B.J. Caldwell


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School Outcomes: Cognitive Function, Achievements, Social Skills, and Values,


Pages 13583-13589, T.L. Good, S.L. Nichols
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Schooling: Impact on Cognitive and Motivational Development, Pages 13589-


13594, F.E. Weinert
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Schools, Micropolitics of, Pages 13594-13598, H. Altrichter


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Schumpeter, Joseph A (1883–1950), Pages 13598-13603, R. Swedberg


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Schütz, Alfred (1899–1959), Pages 13603-13607, I. Srubar


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Science and Development, Pages 13607-13610, W. Shrum


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Science and Industry, Pages 13610-13614, H. Etzkowitz


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Science and Law, Pages 13614-13621, S. Jasanoff


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Science and Religion, Pages 13621-13625, C.A. Russell


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Science and Social Movements, Pages 13625-13629, A. Jamison


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Science and Technology Studies: Ethnomethodology, Pages 13644-13647, M. Lynch


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Science and Technology Studies: Experts and Expertise, Pages 13647-13654, O.


Renn
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Science and Technology, Anthropology of, Pages 13629-13633, G.L. Downey


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Science and Technology, Social Study of: Computers and Information


Technology, Pages 13638-13644, S.L. Star
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Science and Technology: Internationalization, Pages 13633-13638, A. Elzinga


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Science and the Media, Pages 13654-13657, B.V. Lewenstein


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Science and the State, Pages 13657-13664, Y. Ezrahi


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Science Education, Pages 13668-13673, M.C. Linn


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Science Funding: Asia, Pages 13673-13676, V.V. Krishna


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Science Funding: Europe, Pages 13676-13680, J. Calvert, B.R. Martin


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Science Funding: United States, Pages 13680-13683, S.E. Cozzens


Abstract PDF (261 K)

Science, Economics of, Pages 13664-13668, W.E. Steinmueller


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Science, New Forms of, Pages 13683-13687, J.R. Ravetz


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Science, Social Organization of, Pages 13687-13691, C. Mukerji


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Science, Sociology of, Pages 13692-13698, T.F. Gieryn


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Science, Technology, and the Military, Pages 13698-13704, W.A. Smit


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Scientific Academies in Asia, Pages 13708-13714, C.-C. Yi


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Scientific Academies, History of, Pages 13704-13708, M. Biagioli


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Scientific Concepts: Development in Children, Pages 13714-13719, Z. Chen, R.


Siegler
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Scientific Controversies, Pages 13719-13724, T. Pinch


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Scientific Culture, Pages 13724-13727, D. Hess


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Scientific Disciplines, History of, Pages 13727-13731, R. Stichweh


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Scientific Discovery, Computational Models of, Pages 13731-13733, P.C.-H. Cheng


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Scientific Evidence: Legal Aspects, Pages 13733-13737, J. Sanders


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Scientific Instrumentation, History and Sociology of, Pages 13737-13741, T. Shinn


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Scientific Knowledge, Sociology of, Pages 13741-13746, H.M. Collins


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Scientific Reasoning and Discovery, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 13746-13749,


K. Dunbar
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Scientific Revolution: History and Sociology of, Pages 13749-13752, P. Damerow, J.


Renn
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Scientometrics, Pages 13752-13755, L. Leydesdorff


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Screening and Selection, Pages 13755-13760, J.L. Gastwirth


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Search, Economics of, Pages 13760-13768, C.A. Pissarides


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Second Language Acquisition, Pages 13768-13771, W. Klein


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Second World War, The, Pages 13771-13777, R.J.B. Bosworth


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Secondary Analysis: Methodology, Pages 13777-13780, D.S. Cordray


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Secrecy, Anthropology of, Pages 13780-13783, L. Lindstrom


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Secular Religions, Pages 13783-13786, A.L. Greil


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Secularization, Pages 13786-13791, J. Casanova


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Segregation Indices, Pages 13791-13795, R. Harrison


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Selection Bias, Statistics of, Pages 13795-13799, R. Breen


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Self-concepts: Educational Aspects, Pages 13799-13803, R. Pekrun


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Self-conscious Emotions, Psychology of, Pages 13803-13807, J.P. Tangney


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Self-development in Childhood, Pages 13807-13812, S. Harter


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Self-efficacy, Pages 13812-13815, A. Flammer


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Self-efficacy and Health, Pages 13815-13820, A. Bandura


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Self-efficacy: Educational Aspects, Pages 13820-13822, D.H. Schunk


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Self-esteem in Adulthood, Pages 13822-13826, J. Crocker


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Self-evaluative Process, Psychology of, Pages 13826-13830, A. Tesser


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Self-fulfilling Prophecies, Pages 13830-13833, L. Jussim


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Self-knowledge: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 13837-13841, V. McGeer


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Self-monitoring, Psychology of, Pages 13841-13844, M. Snyder


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Self-organizing Dynamical Systems, Pages 13844-13850, J.A.S. Kelso


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Self-regulated Learning, Pages 13855-13859, B.J. Zimmerman


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Self-regulation in Adulthood, Pages 13859-13862, R.F. Baumeister


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Self-regulation in Childhood, Pages 13862-13866, C.B. Kopp


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Self: History of the Concept, Pages 13833-13837, P. Wagner


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Self: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 13850-13855, C. Rovane


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Semantic Knowledge: Neural Basis of, Pages 13866-13873, A. Martin


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Semantic Processing: Statistical Approaches, Pages 13873-13878, P.W. Foltz


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Semantic Similarity, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 13878-13881, U. Hahn, E. Heit


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Semantics, Pages 13881-13887, J.I. Saeed


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Semiotics, Pages 13887-13891, K.B. Jensen


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Semiparametric Models, Pages 13891-13897, J.L. Horowitz


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Senescence: Genetic Theories, Pages 13897-13902, J.W. Curtsinger


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Sensation and Perception: Direct Scaling, Pages 13902-13905, M. Teghtsoonian


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Sensation Seeking: Behavioral Expressions and Biosocial Bases, Pages 13905-


13908, M. Zuckerman
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Sensitive Periods in Development, Neural Basis of, Pages 13908-13911, H.-J.


Bischof
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Sentence Comprehension, Psychology of, Pages 13911-13917, C. Clifton Jr.


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Sequential Decision Making, Pages 13917-13922, A. Diederich


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Sequential Statistical Methods, Pages 13922-13927, D.A. Berry


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Serial Verb Constructions, Pages 13927-13930, M. Sebba


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Service Economy, Geography of, Pages 13930-13935, W.B. Beyers


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Services Marketing, Pages 13935-13936, S. Cherubini


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Settlement and Landscape Archaeology, Pages 13937-13941, G.M. Feinman


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Sex Differences in Pay, Pages 13941-13946, G. Whitehouse


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Sex Hormones and their Brain Receptors, Pages 13946-13951, R.D. Brinton, J.T.
Nilsen
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Sex Offenders, Clinical Psychology of, Pages 13951-13955, G.C.N. Hall


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Sex Preferences in Western Societies, Pages 13955-13958, J.D. Marleau, J.-F. Saucier
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Sex Segregation at Work, Pages 13962-13965, B.F. Reskin


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Sex Therapy, Clinical Psychology of, Pages 13965-13969, W. Everaerd


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Sex-role Development and Education, Pages 13958-13961, G. Nunner-Winkler


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Sexual Attitudes and Behavior, Pages 13969-13973, I.L. Reiss


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Sexual Behavior and Maternal Functions, Neurobiology of, Pages 13974-13977, L.


Clemens, A.A. Nunez
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Sexual Behavior: Sociological Perspective, Pages 13977-13981, A. Béjin


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Sexual Harassment: Legal Perspectives, Pages 13982-13987, E. Goldsmith, V. Schultz


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Sexual Harassment: Social and Psychological Issues, Pages 13987-13991, B.A.


Gutek
Abstract PDF (66 K)

Sexual Orientation and the Law, Pages 13991-13995, M.M. Ertman


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Sexual Orientation: Biological Influences, Pages 13995-13998, E. Stein


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Sexual Orientation: Historical and Social Construction, Pages 13998-14002, J.


Weeks
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Sexual Perversions (Paraphilias), Pages 14002-14007, R.E. Goodman


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Sexual Preference: Genetic Aspects, Pages 14007-14012, K. Reinhold


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Sexual Risk Behaviors, Pages 14012-14018, J. Bengel


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Sexuality and Gender, Pages 14018-14021, D. Richardson


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Sexuality and Geography, Pages 14021-14026, H.J. Nast


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Psychosocial Aspects, Pages 14026-14032, M.


Fishbein
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Shamanism, Pages 14032-14035, D. Joralemon


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Shame and the Social Bond, Pages 14035-14039, T.J. Scheff


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Shared Belief, Pages 14039-14043, R. Tuomela


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Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott (1857–1952), Pages 14043-14046, E.D. Schomburg


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Short-term Memory, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 14046-14049, A.F. Healy

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Short-term Memory: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 14049-14055, G.


Vallar
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Shyness and Behavioral Inhibition, Pages 14055-14058, K.H. Rubin


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Sibling Relationships, Psychology of, Pages 14063-14066, J. Dunn


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Sibling-order Effects, Pages 14058-14063, F.J. Sulloway


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Sign Language, Pages 14066-14071, U. Bellugi, E.S. Klima


Abstract PDF (359 K)

Sign Language: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 14071-14075, D.P. Corina
Abstract PDF (67 K)

Signal Detection Theory, Pages 14075-14078, N.A. Macmillan


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Signal Detection Theory, History of, Pages 14078-14082, J.A. Swets


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Signal Detection Theory: Multidimensional, Pages 14082-14085, H. Kadlec


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Significance, Tests of, Pages 14085-14091, N. Reid


Abstract PDF (111 K)

Simmel, Georg (1858–1918), Pages 14091-14097, O. Rammstedt, N.C. Milà


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Simulation and Training in Work Settings, Pages 14097-14101, B. Hesketh, M. Frese


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Simultaneous Equation Estimates (Exact and Approximate), Distribution of,


Pages 14101-14106, K. Morimune
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Simultaneous Equation Estimation: Overview, Pages 14106-14110, C.F. Christ


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Single-case Experimental Designs in Clinical Settings, Pages 14110-14116, W.C.


Follette
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Single-subject Designs: Methodology, Pages 14116-14121, J.P. Forsyth, C.G. Finlay


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Situated Cognition: Contemporary Developments, Pages 14121-14126, P. Cobb


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Situated Cognition: Origins, Pages 14126-14129, P. Cobb


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Situated Knowledge: Feminist and Science and Technology Studies


Perspectives, Pages 14129-14133, C.M. Thompson
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Situated Learning: Out of School and in the Classroom, Pages 14133-14137, A.


Renkl
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Situation Model: Psychological, Pages 14137-14141, R.A. Zwaan


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Skinner, Burrhus Frederick (1904–90), Pages 14141-14146, M.N. Richelle


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Slavery as Social Institution, Pages 14146-14152, O. Patterson


PDF (82 K)

Slavery: Comparative Aspects, Pages 14152-14157, O. Patterson


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Slaves/Slavery, History of, Pages 14157-14162, A. Wirz


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Sleep and Health, Pages 14162-14166, W.C. Orr


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Sleep Disorders: Psychiatric Aspects, Pages 14166-14172, E. Holsboer-Trachsler, E.


Seifritz
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Sleep Disorders: Psychological Aspects, Pages 14172-14174, R.D. Cartwright


Abstract PDF (55 K)

Sleep States and Somatomotor Activity, Pages 14174-14178, M.H. Chase, J. Yamuy,
F.R. Morales
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Sleep: Neural Systems, Pages 14178-14185, J.A. Hobson


Abstract PDF (237 K)

Small-group Interaction and Gender, Pages 14185-14189, C.L. Ridgeway


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Smith, Adam (1723–90), Pages 14189-14195, A.S. Skinner


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Smoking and Health, Pages 14195-14201, K.E. Warner


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Smoking Prevention and Smoking Cessation, Pages 14201-14205, H. de Vries


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Soap Opera/Telenovela, Pages 14205-14208, M.P. Porto


Abstract PDF (64 K)

Sociability in History, Pages 14208-14212, H. Ninomiya


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Social Behavior (Emergent), Computer Models of, Pages 14212-14216, C.K.

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Social Capital, Pages 14216-14219, R.W. Jackman


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Social Categorization, Psychology of, Pages 14219-14223, J. Krueger


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Social Change: Types, Pages 14223-14228, G. Hernes


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Social Changes: Models, Pages 14228-14233, G. Hernes


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Social Class and Gender, Pages 14233-14238, R. Crompton


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Social Cognition and Affect, Psychology of, Pages 14238-14242, J.P. Forgas
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Social Cognition and Aging, Pages 14242-14245, F. Blanchard-Fields


Abstract PDF (57 K)

Social Cognition in Childhood, Pages 14245-14250, J.F. Dunn


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Social Cognitive Theory and Clinical Psychology, Pages 14250-14254, A. Bandura


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Social Comparison, Psychology of, Pages 14254-14257, L. Wheeler, J. Suls, R. Martin


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Social Competence: Childhood and Adolescence, Pages 14258-14264, W.M.


Bukowski, K.H. Rubin, J.G. Parker
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Social Constructivism, Pages 14264-14267, W. Detel


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Social Democracy, Pages 14267-14270, T.P. Harsanyi


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Social Demography: Role of Inequality and Social Differentiation, Pages 14270-


14276, V.K. Oppenheimer
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Social Dilemmas, Psychology of, Pages 14276-14279, P.A.M. Van Lange


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Social Evolution, Sociology of, Pages 14286-14290, E. Di Nuoscio


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Social Evolution: Overview, Pages 14279-14286, S.K. Sanderson


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Social Facilitation, Psychology of, Pages 14290-14293, C.F. Bond Jr.


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Social Geography, Pages 14293-14299, S. Bowlby


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Social History, Pages 14299-14306, C. Conrad


Abstract PDF (91 K)

Social Identity, Psychology of, Pages 14306-14309, D. Abrams


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Social Inequality and Schooling, Pages 14309-14313, P. Barnhouse Walters


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Social Inequality in History (Stratification and Classes), Pages 14313-14320, P. Nolte


Abstract PDF (91 K)

Social Influence, Psychology of, Pages 14320-14325, J.M. Burger


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Social Insurance: Legal Aspects, Pages 14325-14327, G. Igl


Abstract PDF (54 K)

Social Integration, Social Networks, and Health, Pages 14327-14332, L.F. Berkman
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Social Intervention in Psychiatric Disorders, Pages 14332-14338, W. Rössler


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Social Justice, Pages 14338-14341, V.H. Schmidt


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Social Learning, Cognition, and Personality Development, Pages 14341-14345, B.J.


Zimmerman
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Social Mobility, History of, Pages 14345-14348, H. Kaelble


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Social Movements and Gender, Pages 14348-14352, V. Taylor


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Social Movements, Geography of, Pages 14357-14360, B. Miller


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Social Movements, History of: General, Pages 14360-14365, L. Tilly


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Social Movements, Sociology of, Pages 14371-14375, F. Chazel


Abstract PDF (79 K)

Social Movements: Environmental Movements, Pages 14352-14357, D. Wastl-Walter


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Social Movements: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 14365-14368, T. Tyler


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Social Movements: Resource Mobilization Theory, Pages 14368-14371, J.C. Jenkins


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Social Network Models: Statistical, Pages 14375-14380, P. Pattison, S. Wasserman


Abstract PDF (217 K)

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Social Networks and Fertility, Pages 14380-14384, H.P. Kohler, C. Bühler


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Social Networks and Gender, Pages 14384-14388, H. Ibarra


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Social Neuroscience, Pages 14388-14391, J.T. Cacioppo, G.G. Bernston


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Social Properties (Facts and Entities): Philosophical Aspects, Pages 14391-14397,


D.-H. Ruben
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Social Protests, History of, Pages 14397-14402, L. Tilly


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Social Psychology, Pages 14402-14405, H.T. Reis


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Social Psychology, Sociological, Pages 14409-14413, S. Stryker


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Social Psychology, Theories of, Pages 14413-14421, S.T. Fiske


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Social Psychology: Research Methods, Pages 14405-14409, C.M. Judd


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Social Question: Impact on Social Thought, Pages 14421-14423, G. Procacci


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Social Relationships in Adulthood, Pages 14423-14429, M.S. Clark


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Social Science, the Idea of, Pages 14429-14435, F. D'Agostino


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Social Security, Pages 14435-14439, F.-X. Kaufmann


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Social Simulation: Computational Approaches, Pages 14439-14443, M.W. Macy


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Social Stratification, Pages 14443-14452, D.B. Grusky


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Social Support and Health, Pages 14452-14458, K. Orth-Gomér


PDF (99 K)

Social Support and Recovery from Disease and Medical Procedures, Pages
14458-14461, K.J. Petrie
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Social Support and Stress, Pages 14461-14465, S.E. Hobfoll


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Social Support, Psychology of, Pages 14465-14469, T.C. Antonucci


Abstract PDF (67 K)

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Social Survey, History of, Pages 14469-14473, M. Bulmer


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Social Trauma, Pages 14473-14476, B. Giesen


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Social Welfare Policies and Gender, Pages 14476-14481, D. Sainsbury


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Social Welfare Policy: Comparisons, Pages 14481-14485, G. Esping-Andersen


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Socialism, Pages 14485-14488, P. Thomas


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Socialism: Historical Aspects, Pages 14488-14492, F. Andreucci


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Socialist Law, Pages 14493-14496, A. Sajo


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Socialist Societies: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 14496-14500, K. Verdery


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Sociality, Evolution of, Pages 14504-14507, B. Crespi


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Sociality: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 14500-14504, M. Carrithers


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Socialization and Education: Theoretical Perspectives, Pages 14507-14513, K.A.


Schneewind
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Socialization in Adolescence, Pages 14513-14516, L. Steinberg


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Socialization in Infancy and Childhood, Pages 14516-14522, R.D. Parke, R. Buriel


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Socialization, Sociology of, Pages 14525-14530, V. Gecas


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Socialization: Political, Pages 14522-14525, M.K. Jennings


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Societies, Types of, Pages 14530-14536, R. Deliège


Abstract PDF (85 K)

Society/People: History of the Concept, Pages 14536-14539, L. Trägårdh


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Sociobiology: Overview, Pages 14539-14543, M. Daly, M. Wilson


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Sociobiology: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 14543-14549, K. Sterelny


Abstract PDF (81 K)

Sociocybernetics, Pages 14549-14554, F. Geyer

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Socioeconomic Status and Health, Pages 14554-14558, G.A. Kaplan


Abstract PDF (112 K)

Socioeconomic Status and Health Care, Pages 14558-14562, P.M. Lantz


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Sociolinguistics, Pages 14562-14569, J. Holmes


Abstract PDF (89 K)

Sociology, Epistemology of, Pages 14569-14574, M. Bunge


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Sociology, History of, Pages 14574-14580, J. Goudsblom, J. Heilbron


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Sociology: Overview, Pages 14581-14585, R. Boudon


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Solidarity, Sociology of, Pages 14588-14591, M. Hechter


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Solidarity: History of the Concept, Pages 14585-14588, G. Procacci


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Somatoform Disorders, Pages 14591-14596, J. Angenendt, M. Härter


Abstract PDF (98 K)

Somatosensation, Pages 14596-14600, P. Zeigler


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Somatotherapy, History of, Pages 14600-14605, T.A. Ban


Abstract PDF (72 K)

South America: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 14607-14612, N.E. Whitten Jr.


Abstract PDF (74 K)

South Asia, Archaeology of, Pages 14612-14622, G.L. Possehl


Abstract PDF (493 K)

South Asia: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 14622-14627, A. Béteille


Abstract PDF (72 K)

South Asian Studies: Culture, Pages 14627-14631, M.M. Prasad


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South Asian Studies: Economics, Pages 14631-14636, N. Singh


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South Asian Studies: Environment, Pages 14636-14640, G. Utkarsh


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South Asian Studies: Geography, Pages 14640-14643, D.N. Zurick


Abstract PDF (58 K)

South Asian Studies: Health, Pages 14643-14650, S.C. Jain, N. Johri


Abstract PDF (89 K)

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South Asian Studies: Politics, Pages 14650-14656, C. Jaffrelot, J. Zerinini-Brotel


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Southeast Asia, Archaeology of, Pages 14656-14661, E.A. Bacus


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Southeast Asia: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 14661-14666, H.-D. Evers


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Culture, Pages 14666-14670, R.W. Hefner


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Economics, Pages 14670-14676, H. Hill


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Gender, Pages 14676-14680, B.W. Andaya


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Geography, Pages 14680-14683, M.J.G. Parnwell


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Health, Pages 14683-14687, P.T. Cohen


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Politics, Pages 14687-14691, R.H. Taylor


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Religion, Pages 14691-14697, R.S. Kipp


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Southeast Asian Studies: Society, Pages 14697-14701, A.B. Shamsul


Abstract PDF (65 K)

Southern Africa: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 14701-14706, R.J. Thornton


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Sovereignty: Political, Pages 14706-14709, S.D. Krasner


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Soviet Studies: Culture, Pages 14710-14715, O. Sezneva


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Soviet Studies: Economics, Pages 14715-14718, R.C. Stuart


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Soviet Studies: Education, Pages 14718-14723, M.S. Johnson


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Soviet Studies: Environment, Pages 14723-14728, C.E. Ziegler


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Soviet Studies: Gender, Pages 14728-14731, L. Attwood


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Soviet Studies: Geography, Pages 14731-14733, B. Mitchneck


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Soviet Studies: Politics, Pages 14733-14735, L. Shevtsova


Abstract PDF (53 K)

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Soviet Studies: Society, Pages 14735-14743, M. Titma, N.B. Tuma


Abstract PDF (98 K)

Space and Social Theory in Geography, Pages 14743-14749, B. Warf


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Space: Linguistic Expression, Pages 14749-14752, S.C. Levinson


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Spatial Analysis in Geography, Pages 14752-14758, M.M. Fischer


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Spatial Association, Measures of, Pages 14758-14763, A. Getis


Abstract PDF (184 K)

Spatial Autocorrelation, Pages 14763-14768, R.P. Haining


Abstract PDF (86 K)

Spatial Choice Models, Pages 14768-14771, H. Timmermans


Abstract PDF (71 K)

Spatial Cognition, Pages 14771-14775, D.R. Montello


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Spatial Data, Pages 14775-14778, S.C. Guptill


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Spatial Data Infrastructure, Pages 14778-14785, D. Rhind


Abstract PDF (364 K)

Spatial Decision Support Systems, Pages 14785-14788, G. Rushton


Abstract PDF (85 K)

Spatial Equity, Pages 14789-14792, R. Morrill


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Spatial Interaction, Pages 14792-14794, E.J. Taaffe


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Spatial Interaction Models, Pages 14794-14800, A.S. Fotheringham


Abstract PDF (92 K)

Spatial Labor Markets, Pages 14800-14804, H. Fassmann


Abstract PDF (155 K)

Spatial Memory Loss of Normal Aging: Animal Models and Neural Mechanisms,
Pages 14804-14807, C.A. Barnes
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Spatial Mismatch, Pages 14807-14811, S. McLafferty


Abstract PDF (429 K)

Spatial Optimization Models, Pages 14811-14818, R.L. Church


Abstract PDF (128 K)

Spatial Pattern, Analysis of, Pages 14818-14822, B. Boots


Abstract PDF (196 K)

Spatial Sampling, Pages 14822-14827, R.P. Haining

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Spatial Search Models, Pages 14827-14829, J.O. Huff


Abstract PDF (51 K)

Spatial Statistical Methods, Pages 14829-14836, L.M. Berliner


Abstract PDF (123 K)

Spatial Thinking in the Social Sciences, History of, Pages 14840-14843, P. Claval
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Spatial-temporal Modeling, Pages 14837-14840, E. Casetti


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Spatially Explicit Analysis in Environmental Studies, Pages 14843-14847, J.


Geoghegan
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Special Education in the United States: Legal History, Pages 14847-14851, J.D.
Smith
Abstract PDF (68 K)

Specialization and Recombination of Specialties in the Social Sciences, Pages


14851-14855, M. Dogan
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Species and Speciation, Pages 14855-14861, C.L. Boggs


Abstract PDF (98 K)

Spectral Analysis, Pages 14861-14864, J.N. Rayner


Abstract PDF (117 K)

Speech Errors, Psychology of, Pages 14864-14870, M. Garrett


Abstract PDF (118 K)

Speech Perception, Pages 14870-14875, D.W. Massaro


Abstract PDF (96 K)

Speech Production, Neural Basis of, Pages 14875-14879, N.F. Dronkers, J.V. Baldo
Abstract PDF (118 K)

Speech Production, Psychology of, Pages 14879-14882, H. Schriefers, G. Vigliocco


Abstract PDF (105 K)

Speech Recognition and Production by Machines, Pages 14882-14887, W. Ward


Abstract PDF (112 K)

Speed Reading, Pages 14887-14890, D.S. McNamara


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Spelling, Pages 14890-14894, M. Sebba


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Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903), Pages 14894-14898, J.H. Turner


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Sperry, Roger Walcott (1913–94), Pages 14899-14901, T.J. Voneida


Abstract PDF (54 K)

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Spirit Possession, Anthropology of, Pages 14901-14904, Ute Luig


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Split Brain, Pages 14904-14909, C. Trevarthen


Abstract PDF (138 K)

Sport and Exercise Psychology:Overview, Pages 14909-14913, A.E. Abele, D.


Alfermann
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Sport Psychology: Performance Enhancement, Pages 14924-14928, S.J. Danish


Abstract PDF (96 K)

Sport Psychology: Training and Supervision, Pages 14929-14932, M.B. Andersen


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Sport, Anthropology of, Pages 14913-14916, E.P. Archetti


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Sport, Geography of, Pages 14916-14919, M.J. Bowden


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Sport, History of, Pages 14919-14924, C. Eisenberg


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Sport, Sociology of, Pages 14932-14935, T.W. Crosset


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Sports as Expertise, Psychology of, Pages 14935-14938, B. Abernethy


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Sports Performance, Age Differences in, Pages 14944-14947, M.J. Stones


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Sports Performance, Self-regulation of, Pages 14947-14952, J. Beckmann


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Sports, Economics of, Pages 14938-14944, G.W. Scully


Abstract PDF (109 K)

Standpoint Theory, in Science, Pages 14952-14955, S. Sismondo


Abstract PDF (63 K)

State and Local Taxation, Pages 14955-14961, L.P. Feld, F. Schneider


Abstract PDF (83 K)

State and Society, Pages 14961-14964, G. Poggi


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State Formation, Pages 14970-14972, I.V. Gruhn


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State, History of, Pages 14972-14978, W. Reinhard


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State, Sociology of the, Pages 14978-14983, H.L. Root


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State: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 14965-14970, J. Borneman

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States and Civilizations, Archaeology of, Pages 14983-14988, E.M. Brumfiel


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Statistical Analysis, Special Problems of: Grouped Observations, Pages 14995-


15002, Y. Haitovsky
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Statistical Analysis, Special Problems of: Outliers, Pages 15002-15006, T. Lewis


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Statistical Analysis, Special Problems of: Transformations of Data, Pages 15007-


15014, D. Ruppert
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Statistical Analysis: Multilevel Methods, Pages 14988-14994, W.M. Mason


Abstract PDF (94 K)

Statistical Clustering, Pages 15014-15019, J.A. Hartigan


Abstract PDF (93 K)

Statistical Data, Missing, Pages 15019-15025, R.J. Little, D.B. Rubin


Abstract PDF (100 K)

Statistical Identification and Estimability, Pages 15025-15031, G.M. Kaufman


Abstract PDF (134 K)

Statistical Methods, History of: Post-1900, Pages 15031-15037, T. Schweder


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Statistical Methods, History of: Pre-1900, Pages 15037-15040, T.M. Porter


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Statistical Pattern Recognition, Pages 15040-15044, R.M. Golden


Abstract PDF (144 K)

Statistical Sufficiency, Pages 15044-15049, N. Reid


Abstract PDF (105 K)

Statistical Systems: Censuses of Population, Pages 15049-15053, L. Kish


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Statistical Systems: Crime, Pages 15053-15056, T. Makkai


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Statistical Systems: Economic, Pages 15057-15062, J. Ryten


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Statistical Systems: Education, Pages 15062-15066, L. Suter


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Statistical Systems: Health, Pages 15066-15072, D. Leadbeter


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Statistical Systems: Labor, Pages 15072-15076, C. Sorrentino


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Statistics as Legal Evidence, Pages 15076-15080, S.L. Zabell

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Abstract PDF (68 K)

Statistics, History of, Pages 15080-15085, A. Desrosières


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Statistics: The Field, Pages 15085-15090, S.E. Fienberg, J.B. Kadane


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Status and Role, Social Psychology of, Pages 15090-15095, G.M. Platt
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Status and Role: Structural Aspects, Pages 15095-15098, J. Scott


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Statutes of Limitations, Pages 15098-15100, M. Heise


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Stereotypes, Social Psychology of, Pages 15100-15104, M.R. Banaji


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Stevens, Stanley Smith (1906–73), Pages 15104-15108, R. Teghtsoonian


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Stigler, George Joseph (1911–91), Pages 15108-15112, M. Friedman


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Stigma, Social Psychology of, Pages 15112-15115, J.K. Swim, L.L. Hyers
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Stochastic Dynamic Models (Choice, Response, and Time), Pages 15115-15121,


P.L. Smith
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Stochastic Models, Pages 15121-15126, P.A. Ferrari


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Stock Market Predictability, Pages 15126-15133, B.G. Malkiel


Abstract PDF (113 K)

Stockholders' Ownership and Control, Pages 15133-15137, M. Useem


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Strategic Human Resources Management, Pages 15137-15142, K. Legge


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Strategic Intelligence, Pages 15143-15145, H.B. Westerfield


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Strategic Planning, Pages 15145-15151, J.M. Bryson


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Strategy: Organizational, Pages 15151-15154, R. Whipp


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Street Children: Cultural Concerns, Pages 15154-15157, C. Panter-Brick


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Street Children: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 15157-15160, S.H. Koller, C.S.


Hutz

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Stress and Cardiac Response, Pages 15160-15163, J. Vila


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Stress and Coping Theories, Pages 15163-15170, H.W. Krohne


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Stress and Health Research, Pages 15170-15175, B.M. Kudielka, C. Kirschbaum


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Stress at Work, Pages 15175-15179, J. Siegrist


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Stress in Organizations, Psychology of, Pages 15179-15184, R.L. Kahn


Abstract PDF (164 K)

Stress Management Programs, Pages 15184-15190, H. Weber


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Stress, Neural Basis of, Pages 15194-15198, T.J. Shors, B. Horvath


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Stress: Measurement by Self-report and Interview, Pages 15190-15194, R.J. Turner


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Stress: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 15198-15201, S.M. Monroe


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Stressful Medical Procedures, Coping with, Pages 15201-15204, H. Leventhal


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Strikes: Sociological Aspects, Pages 15204-15208, R. Franzosi


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Strong Program, in Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, Pages 15208-15210, D. Bloor


Abstract PDF (56 K)

Structural Contingency Theory, Pages 15210-15215, L. Donaldson


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Structural Equation Modeling, Pages 15215-15222, D. Kaplan


Abstract PDF (104 K)

Structuralism, Pages 15222-15225, R.H. Barnes


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Structuralism, History of, Pages 15225-15230, F. Dosse


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Structuralism, Theories of, Pages 15230-15233, W.V. Heydebrand


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Structure: Social, Pages 15233-15237, F. Chazel


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Sub-Saharan Africa, Archaeology of, Pages 15251-15255, J. Parkington


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Subaltern History, Pages 15237-15241, P. Chatterjee


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Subaltern Studies: Cultural Concerns, Pages 15241-15245, D. Simeon


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Subculture, Sociology of, Pages 15245-15247, F. Dubet


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Subjective Probability Judgments, Pages 15247-15251, M. Bar-Hillel


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Substance Abuse in Adolescents, Prevention of, Pages 15255-15259, G.J. Botvin


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Suicide, Pages 15259-15268, T. Bronisch


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Suicide, Sociology of, Pages 15273-15278, F. Gratton


Abstract PDF (77 K)

Suicide: Ethical Aspects, Pages 15268-15273, M.P. Battin


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer Prevention, Pages 15278-15281, M. Eid


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Supply Chain Management, Pages 15281-15285, J.M. Swaminathan


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Support and Self-help Groups and Health, Pages 15285-15290, B.H. Gottlieb
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Pages 15290-15294, R.Y. Moore


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Suprasegmentals, Pages 15294-15298, C. Gussenhoven


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Supreme Courts, Pages 15298-15303, C.R. Epp


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Surprise Examination, Pages 15303-15306, F. Jackson


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Survey and Excavation (Field Methods) in Archaeology, Pages 15306-15311, M.S.


Joukowsky
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Survey Research: National Centers, Pages 15311-15314, P.P. Mohler


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Surveys and Polling: Ethical Aspects, Pages 15314-15318, E. Singer


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Survival Analysis: Overview, Pages 15318-15325, R.L. Prentice, J.D. Kalbfleisch


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Sustainability Transition: Human–Environment Relationship, Pages 15325-15329,

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Sustainable Development, Pages 15329-15335, J.C. Burgess, E.B. Barbier


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Sustainable Transportation, Pages 15335-15339, D.L. Greene


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Symbolic Boundaries: Overview, Pages 15341-15347, M. Lamont


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Symbolic Interaction: Methodology, Pages 15347-15350, A. Fontana


Abstract PDF (64 K)

Symbolism (Religious) and Icon, Pages 15354-15357, N. Kokosalakis


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Symbolism in Anthropology, Pages 15350-15354, R. Wagner


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Symptom Awareness and Interpretation, Pages 15357-15362, B. Knäuper


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Synapse Formation, Pages 15362-15366, A. Dityatev, M. Schachner


Abstract PDF (294 K)

Synapse Ultrastructure, Pages 15366-15371, A.C.W. Weeks


Abstract PDF (129 K)

Synaptic Efficacy, Regulation of, Pages 15371-15378, G.A. Clark


Abstract PDF (251 K)

Synaptic Transmission, Pages 15378-15386, H. Korn, D.S. Faber


Abstract PDF (318 K)

Syncretism, Pages 15386-15388, A. Droogers


Abstract PDF (56 K)

Syndromal Diagnosis versus Dimensional Assessment, Clinical Psychology of,


Pages 15388-15392, G. Andrews
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Syntactic Aspects of Language, Neural Basis of, Pages 15392-15397, A.D. Friederici
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Syntactic Control, Pages 15397-15401, K.-U. Panther


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Syntax, Pages 15401-15407, G. Fanselow


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Syntax–Phonology Interface, Pages 15407-15412, E. Selkirk


Abstract PDF (169 K)

Syntax–Semantics Interface, Pages 15412-15418, U. Sauerland, A. von Stechow


Abstract PDF (106 K)

System: Social, Pages 15418-15423, R. Fillieule

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Systems Modeling, Pages 15423-15428, P.C.M. Molenaar


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International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences


About this Reference Work

Editors-in-Chief: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes


ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8
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Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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General information
Taboo, Pages 15429-15431, M. Lambek
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Subject classification

Authors Tacit Knowledge, Psychology of, Pages 15431-15435, A.S. Reber


Abstract PDF (67 K)
Article titles
Tactile Maps in Geography, Pages 15435-15437, R. Vasconcellos
Subject index Abstract PDF (51 K)

Talk Show in Media, Pages 15437-15440, A.G.D. Leurdijk


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Taste and Smell, Psychology of, Pages 15440-15442, J.C. Stevens


Abstract PDF (54 K)

Taste and Taste Culture, Pages 15442-15447, M. Ollivier, V. Fridman


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Taste, Neural Basis of, Pages 15447-15450, T.R. Scott


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Teacher Behavior and Student Outcomes, Pages 15450-15454, J. Brophy


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Teacher Education, Pages 15454-15459, K.R. Howey, M. Wideen


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Teacher Expertise, Pages 15459-15465, R. Bromme


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Teacher Stress and Burnout: Methodological Perspectives, Pages 15465-15468,


R.S. Guglielmi
Abstract PDF (63 K)

Teaching and Learning in the Classroom, Pages 15468-15472, T.J. Shuell


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Abstract PDF (64 K)

Teaching as a Profession, Pages 15472-15476, E. Hoyle


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Teaching for Thinking, Pages 15476-15479, R.E. Mayer


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Teaching Social Sciences: Cultural Concerns, Pages 15479-15483, D.N. Robinson


Abstract PDF (65 K)

Teaching: Trends in Research, Pages 15483-15487, V. Richardson


Abstract PDF (64 K)

Teamwork and Team Training, Pages 15487-15492, E. Salas, J.A. Cannon-Bowers


Abstract PDF (73 K)

Technological Change in a Multicultural Context, Applied Psychology of, Pages


15492-15495, B. Hesketh
Abstract PDF (61 K)

Technological Determinism, Pages 15495-15498, R.R. Kline


Abstract PDF (62 K)

Technological Innovation, Pages 15498-15502, L.M. Branscomb


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Technology and Organization, Pages 15502-15506, T.M.K. Tantoush


PDF (65 K)

Technology and Social Control, Pages 15506-15512, G.T. Marx


Abstract PDF (84 K)

Technology Assessment, Pages 15512-15515, A. Rip


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Technology Districts, Pages 15521-15522, I. Eng


Abstract PDF (45 K)

Technology Transfer, Pages 15532-15537, S. Visvanathan


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Technology-supported Learning Environments, Pages 15527-15532, E. De Corte


Abstract PDF (78 K)

Technology, Anthropology of, Pages 15515-15521, B. Pfaffenberger


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Technology, Social Construction of, Pages 15522-15527, W.E. Bijker


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Teen Sexuality, Pages 15537-15540, G.S. Abbott, D. Treboux


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Teenage Fertility, Pages 15540-15546, E.F. Jones


Abstract PDF (81 K)

Telecommunications and Information Policy, Pages 15546-15550, P. Chakravartty


Abstract PDF (65 K)

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Telecommunications: Policy, Pages 15550-15555, J.W. Cortada


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Telegraph, Pages 15555-15558, D. Hochfelder


Abstract PDF (57 K)

Telephone, Pages 15558-15565, J.E. Katz


Abstract PDF (88 K)

Televangelism, Pages 15565-15568, H. Warren


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Television: General, Pages 15568-15574, J. Gripsrud


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Television: Genres, Pages 15574-15578, J. D'Acci


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Television: History, Pages 15579-15583, J.L. Baughman


Abstract PDF (66 K)

Television: Industry, Pages 15583-15586, D. Gomery


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Temperament and Human Development, Pages 15586-15591, M.K. Rothbart


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Temperament: Familial Analysis and Genetic Aspects, Pages 15591-15595, J.B.


Asendorpf
Abstract PDF (230 K)

Temporal Lobe, Pages 15595-15599, K. Tanaka


Abstract PDF (227 K)

Tense, Aspect, and Mood, Linguistics of, Pages 15599-15601, Ö. Dahl


PDF (56 K)

Territoriality: Geographical, Pages 15601-15604, R.D. Sack


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Terrorism, Pages 15604-15606, M. Crenshaw


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Test Administration: Methodology, Pages 15607-15610, B.F. Green


Abstract PDF (56 K)

Test Anxiety and Academic Achievement, Pages 15610-15614, R. Pekrun


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Test Bias, Pages 15614-15619, L. Bond


Abstract PDF (106 K)

Test Theory: Applied Probabilistic Measurement Structures, Pages 15619-15625, H.


Scheiblechner
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Text Comprehension: Models in Psychology, Pages 15625-15631, S.R. Goldman,


M.B.W. Wolfe
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Textbooks, Pages 15631-15636, R.L. Venezky


Abstract PDF (127 K)

Thematic Maps in Geography, Pages 15636-15641, M. Monmonier


Abstract PDF (382 K)

Theory in Archaeology, Pages 15647-15652, R.W. Preucel


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Theory of Mind, Pages 15652-15656, A.M. Leslie


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Theory: Conceptions in the Social Sciences, Pages 15641-15647, L. Mjøset


Abstract PDF (97 K)

Theory: Sociological, Pages 15656-15662, T.J. Fararo


Abstract PDF (80 K)

Therapist–Patient Relationship, Pages 15662-15665, P. Crits-Christoph


Abstract PDF (58 K)

Thick Description: Methodology, Pages 15665-15668, T.M. Luhrmann


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Think Tanks, Pages 15668-15671, D. Stone


Abstract PDF (57 K)

Third Parties: United States, Pages 15671-15673, P. Squire


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Third World, Pages 15673-15676, M. Owusu


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Thirst and Drinking, Pages 15676-15681, A.G. Watts


Abstract PDF (100 K)

Thorndike, Edward Lee (1874–1949), Pages 15681-15683, R.M. Thorndike


Abstract PDF (54 K)

Time Perception Models, Pages 15696-15699, L.G. Allan


Abstract PDF (90 K)

Time Series Quasi-experiment, Pages 15735-15739, R. McCleary


Abstract PDF (165 K)

Time Series: Advanced Methods, Pages 15699-15704, W.K. Li, H. Tong


Abstract PDF (115 K)

Time Series: ARIMA Methods, Pages 15704-15709, G.C. Tiao


Abstract PDF (123 K)

Time Series: Co-integration, Pages 15709-15714, N.H. Chan


Abstract PDF (107 K)

Time Series: Cycles, Pages 15714-15721, M.W. Watson


Abstract PDF (149 K)

Time Series: Economic Forecasting, Pages 15721-15724, J.H. Stock


Abstract PDF (74 K)

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Time Series: General, Pages 15724-15731, D.R. Brillinger


PDF (164 K)

Time Series: Nonstationary Distributions and Unit Roots, Pages 15731-15735, D.A.
Dickey
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Time Series: Seasonal Adjustment, Pages 15739-15746, E.B. Dagum


Abstract PDF (149 K)

Time-geography, Pages 15692-15696, N. Thrift, P. Glennie


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Time-use and Gender, Pages 15749-15752, T. van der Lippe


Abstract PDF (64 K)

Time-use: Research Methods, Pages 15752-15756, J. Gershuny


Abstract PDF (72 K)

Time, Anthropology of, Pages 15683-15686, E.K. Silverman


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Time, Chronology, and Periodization in History, Pages 15686-15692, M. Sato


Abstract PDF (82 K)

Time–Space in Geography, Pages 15746-15749, D.G. Janelle


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Timing: Psychological and Neural Aspects, Pages 15756-15759, R.M. Church


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Tip-of-the-tongue, Psychology of, Pages 15759-15762, G. Vigliocco


Abstract PDF (63 K)

Tocqueville, Alexis de (1805–59), Pages 15762-15766, B. Valade


Abstract PDF (83 K)

Tolerance, Pages 15766-15771, D.C. Mutz


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Topographic Maps in the Brain, Pages 15771-15775, J.H. Kaas


Abstract PDF (68 K)

Torts, in Law, Pages 15775-15779, T. Tanase


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Torture and its Consequences, Psychology of, Pages 15779-15783, M. Başoğlu


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Torture: Legal Perspectives, Pages 15783-15786, G. Kaiser


Abstract PDF (61 K)

Tory, Pages 15786-15788, N. Ashford


Abstract PDF (52 K)

Totalitarianism, Pages 15788-15791, L. Holmes


Abstract PDF (59 K)

Totalitarianism: Impact on Social Thought, Pages 15791-15794, R. Fine


Abstract PDF (60 K)
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Totemism, Pages 15795-15797, W. Shapiro


Abstract PDF (54 K)

Tourism, Pages 15797-15800, S. Yamashita


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Tourism, Geography of, Pages 15800-15803, A.M. Williams, G. Shaw


Abstract PDF (60 K)

Trade and Exchange, Archaeology of, Pages 15803-15807, G.R. Summerhayes


Abstract PDF (67 K)

Trade Unions, Economic Behavior of, Pages 15807-15813, A.L. Booth


Abstract PDF (139 K)

Trade Unions: Empirical Analyses, Pages 15813-15819, H.S. Farber


Abstract PDF (94 K)

Tradition, Anthropology of, Pages 15819-15824, R. Bauman


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Traditions in Sociology, Pages 15824-15829, E.A. Tiryakian


Abstract PDF (76 K)

Traditions: Social, Pages 15829-15833, S. Langlois


Abstract PDF (70 K)

Training in Clinical Psychology in the United States: Practitioner Model, Pages


15833-15836, S.L. Harris
Abstract PDF (62 K)

Training in Clinical Psychology in the United States: Scientist–Practitioner


Model, Pages 15836-15840, B.R. Strickland
Abstract PDF (68 K)

Transaction Costs and Property Rights, Pages 15840-15845, O.E. Williamson


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Transfer of Learning, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 15845-15851, G. Steiner


Abstract PDF (133 K)

Transference in Psychoanalysis, Pages 15851-15856, R.S. Wallerstein


Abstract PDF (75 K)

Transition, Economics of, Pages 15856-15857, J. Svejnar


Abstract PDF (43 K)

Transnational Citizenship: Cultural Concerns, Pages 15857-15862, C. Leggewie


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Transnational Religious Identities (Islam, Catholicism, and Judaism): Cultural


Concerns, Pages 15862-15866, D.F. Eickelman
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Transportation Geography, Pages 15866-15873, G. Giuliano


Abstract PDF (674 K)

Transportation Planning, Pages 15873-15878, R. Cervero


Abstract PDF (116 K)

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Transportation, Psychology of, Pages 15878-15882, R.W. Novaco


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Transportation: Supply and Congestion, Pages 15882-15888, A. de Palma, R. Lindsey


Abstract PDF (139 K)

Transsexuality, Transvestism, and Transgender, Pages 15888-15893, D. Valentine, D.


Kulick
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Treatment of the Repetitive Criminal Sex Offender: United States, Pages 15893-
15897, R.A. Prentky, B.K. Schwartz
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Trials: Cultural, Pages 15897-15901, M.M. Feeley


Abstract PDF (69 K)

Triangulation: Methodology, Pages 15901-15906, L. Heath


Abstract PDF (74 K)

Tribe, Pages 15906-15909, A. Gingrich


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Tropospheric Ozone: Agricultural Implications, Pages 15909-15913, W.L. Chameides


Abstract PDF (154 K)

Trust, Sociology of, Pages 15922-15926, M. Levi


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Trust: Cultural Concerns, Pages 15913-15917, P. Sztompka


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Trust: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 15917-15922, K. Jones


Abstract PDF (91 K)

Truth and Credibility: Science and the Social Study of Science, Pages 15926-
15932, S. Shapin
Abstract PDF (85 K)

Truth, Verification, Verisimilitude, and Evidence: Philosophical Aspects, Pages


15932-15937, G. Oddie
Abstract PDF (82 K)

Tversky, Amos (1937–96), Pages 15937-15941, B. Fischhoff


Abstract PDF (84 K)

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Unconscious: History of the Concept, Pages 15943-15945, D. Levy
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Authors Underclass, Pages 15945-15948, W.J. Wilson, J.M. Quane, B.H. Rankin
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Unemployment and Mental Health, Pages 15948-15951, D. Fryer
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Unemployment: Structural, Pages 15952-15958, A. Lindbeck


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Uneven Development, Geography of, Pages 15958-15962, N. Smith


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Unfolding and Vector Models, Pages 15962-15968, J.D. Carroll


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Unitary State, Pages 15968-15971, R.A.W. Rhodes


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United Nations: Political Aspects, Pages 15971-15974, L. Gordenker


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Universities and Science and Technology: Europe, Pages 15974-15978, B. Sporn


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Universities and Science and Technology: United States, Pages 15978-15983, M.A.
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Universities, in the History of the Social Sciences, Pages 15983-15990, S. Rothblatt


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Unobtrusive Measures, Pages 15990-15994, L. Sechrest, R.J. Hill


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Urban Activity Patterns, Pages 15995-15999, R. Kitamura


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Urban Anthropology, Pages 15999-16004, S.M. Low


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Urban Ethnography, Pages 16004-16008, E. Anderson


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Urban Geography, Pages 16008-16015, R. Schneider-Sliwa


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Urban Government: Europe, Pages 16015-16018, P. Le Galès


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Urban Growth Models, Pages 16018-16021, B. Harris


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Urban History, Pages 16021-16026, K. Ugawa


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Urban Life and Health, Pages 16026-16029, A.T. Geronimus


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Urban Life: Future Developments, Pages 16029-16031, M.A. Hughes


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Urban Places, Planning for the Use of: Design Guide, Pages 16031-16035, J. Barnett
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Urban Places: Statistical Definitions, Pages 16035-16040, S. Moses


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Urban Planning (Chinese), History of, Pages 16044-16047, M. Shi


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Urban Planning (Western), History of, Pages 16058-16063, R. Freestone


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Urban Planning: Central City Revitalization, Pages 16040-16044, D.E. Gale


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Urban Planning: Competitions and Exhibitions, Pages 16047-16051, C. Hein


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Urban Planning: Growth Management, Pages 16051-16055, A.C. Nelson


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Urban Planning: Methods and Technologies, Pages 16055-16058, R.E. Klosterman


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Urban Policy: Europe, Pages 16063-16070, R.H. Williams


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Urban Policy: North America, Pages 16070-16076, M.B. Teitz


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Urban Politics: United States, Pages 16076-16079, P. Eisinger


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Urban Poverty in Neighborhoods, Pages 16079-16082, J.E. Grigsby III


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Urban Sociology, Pages 16082-16087, A. Scaglia


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Urban Sprawl, Pages 16087-16092, R. Bruegmann


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Urban Studies: Overview, Pages 16092-16099, R. LeGates


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Urban System in Geography, Pages 16099-16104, P. Hall


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User Interface Design, Pages 16104-16107, K.R. Paap


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Utilitarian Social Thought, History of, Pages 16107-16111, J.E. Crimmins


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Utilitarianism: Contemporary Applications, Pages 16111-16113, R. Hardin


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Utility and Subjective Probability: Contemporary Theories, Pages 16113-16121, P.


Fishburn
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Utility and Subjective Probability: Empirical Studies, Pages 16121-16123, B.A.


Mellers
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Utopias: Social, Pages 16123-16127, B. Cazes


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Valency and Argument Structure in Syntax, Pages 16129-16132, J.J. Song
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Authors Value of Life, Economics of, Pages 16133-16139, G.C. Blomquist


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Value Pluralism, Pages 16139-16145, R.E. Chang
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Values, Anthropology of, Pages 16145-16148, J. Peacock


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Values, Development of, Pages 16148-16150, L. Kuczynski


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Values, Sociology of, Pages 16153-16158, R. Rezsohazy


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Values: Psychological Perspectives, Pages 16150-16153, D. Oyserman


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Venture Capital, Pages 16158-16161, M. Kenney


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Verbal Communication, Psychology of, Pages 16161-16165, R.M. Krauss


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Verstehen and Erklären, Philosophy of, Pages 16165-16170, J. Bransen


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Vestibular System, Pages 16170-16176, H. Scherer, A.H. Clarke


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Vestibulo-ocular Reflex, Adaptation of the, Pages 16176-16179, M. Ito


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Vietnamese Revolution, The, Pages 16179-16184, H.V. Luong


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Violence and Effects on Children, Pages 16184-16187, J. Garbarino


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Violence and Media, Pages 16187-16192, C. Whitney, E. Wartella


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Violence as a Problem of Health, Pages 16192-16196, R.P. Lorion


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Violence in Anthropology, Pages 16202-16206, K.B. Warren


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Violence, History of, Pages 16196-16202, H.-G. Haupt


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Violence: Public, Pages 16206-16211, C. Tilly


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Virtual Reality and Spatial Cognition, Pages 16211-16214, S. Gillner, H.A. Mallot
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Virtual Reality, Psychology of, Pages 16214-16218, S. Turkle


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Virtue Ethics, Pages 16218-16224, C. Swanton


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Vision for Action: Neural Mechanisms, Pages 16224-16228, M. Jeannerod


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Vision, High-level Theory of, Pages 16228-16232, J. Wagemans


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Vision, Low-level Theory of, Pages 16232-16237, H.R. Wilson


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Vision, Psychology of, Pages 16237-16246, L.O. Harvey Jr.


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Visual Anthropology, Pages 16246-16250, P. Loizos


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Visual Development: Infant, Pages 16250-16255, R.N. Aslin


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Visual Imagery, Neural Basis of, Pages 16255-16259, M.J. Farah


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Visual Images in the Media, Pages 16259-16264, J. Huxford


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Visual Memory, Psychology of, Pages 16264-16266, S. Magnussen


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Visual Methods in the Social Sciences, Pages 16266-16269, D. Harper


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Visual Perception, Neural Basis of, Pages 16269-16274, O. Braddick


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Visual Space, Geometry of, Pages 16274-16278, J. Lukas


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Visual System in the Brain, Pages 16278-16285, D.J. Felleman


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Visual Systems: Dorsal and Ventral, Pages 16285-16288, A.D. Milner


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Visualization: Representation in Science, Pages 16288-16292, M. Lynch


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Vocabulary Acquisition, Psychology of, Pages 16292-16294, M. Shatz


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Vocational Education and Training, Pages 16294-16299, M.E. Poole, J. Stevenson


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Vocational Interests, Values, and Preferences, Psychology of, Pages 16299-16302,


R.V. Dawis
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Voluntary Associations, Sociology of, Pages 16302-16306, H.K. Anheier


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Voluntary Organizations, Pages 16306-16308, J. Van Til, A.P. Williamson


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Volunteerism, Psychology of, Pages 16308-16311, M. Snyder


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Voting, Sociology of, Pages 16324-16328, N. Mayer


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Voting: Class, Pages 16311-16314, G. Evans


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Voting: Compulsory, Pages 16314-16318, S. Jackman


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Voting: Issue, Pages 16318-16321, S. Macdonald, G. Rabinowitz


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Voting: Retrospective/Prospective, Pages 16321-16324, D.R. Kiewiet


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Voting: Tactical, Pages 16328-16330, G.W. Cox


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Voting: Turnout, Pages 16330-16333, B. Highton


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Vulnerability and Perceived Susceptibility, Psychology of, Pages 16333-16335, J.


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Vygotskij, Lev Semenovic (1896–1934), Pages 16335-16339, R. van der Veer


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Vygotskij's Theory of Human Development and New Approaches to Education,


Pages 16339-16343, E. Matusov
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Wage Differentials and Structure, Pages 16345-16350, G. Johnson
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Authors War Crimes Tribunals, Pages 16357-16360, J. Hagan


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War, Political Violence and their Psychological Effects on Children: Cultural
Subject index Concerns, Pages 16360-16363, E. Cairns
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War, Sociology of, Pages 16363-16367, E. Kiser


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War: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 16350-16354, C.R. Nordstrom


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War: Causes and Patterns, Pages 16354-16357, J.S. Levy


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Warfare in History, Pages 16367-16373, M.S. Neiberg


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Water Pollution: Marine, Pages 16373-16377, T. Jickells


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Water Pollution: Terrestrial and Groundwater, Pages 16377-16382, A. Cundy


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Water Resources, Pages 16382-16387, J.L. Wescoat Jr.


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Waterfront Planning, Pages 16387-16389, D. Gordon


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Watson, John Broadus (1878–1958), Pages 16389-16391, P. Harzem


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Wayfinding and Navigation Behavior, Pages 16391-16394, S.M. Freundschuh


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Wealth Distribution, Pages 16394-16401, E.N. Wolff


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Weber, Max (1864–1920), Pages 16401-16407, S.P. Turner


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Weberian Social Thought, History of, Pages 16407-16412, C. Turner


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Weight Regulation: Psychological Aspects, Pages 16412-16416, J. Wardle


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Welfare, Pages 16416-16420, A.-M. Guillemard


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Welfare Programs, Economics of, Pages 16426-16432, R.M. Blank


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Welfare State, Pages 16432-16435, M. Weir


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Welfare State, Geography of, Pages 16435-16439, L. Staeheli


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Welfare State, History of, Pages 16439-16445, E.P. Hennock


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Welfare: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 16420-16426, J. Riley


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Well-being (Subjective), Psychology of, Pages 16451-16454, E. Diener


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Well-being and Burnout in the Workplace, Psychology of, Pages 16445-16447, S.


Sonnentag
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Well-being and Health: Proactive Coping, Pages 16447-16451, L.G. Aspinwall


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West Africa: Sociocultural Aspects, Pages 16454-16458, P. Richards


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Western Europe Studies: Health, Pages 16479-16484, E.M. Immergut


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Western European Studies: Culture, Pages 16458-16463, M. Berezin


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Western European Studies: Economics, Pages 1-7, P.F. Asso, A. Cognata


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Western European Studies: Environment, Pages 16463-16467, W. Rüdig

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Western European Studies: Gender and History, Pages 16467-16473, K. Crawford


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Western European Studies: Geography, Pages 16473-16479, R. Hudson


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Western European Studies: Religion, Pages 16484-16488, B.S. Turner


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Western European Studies: Society, Pages 16488-16494, K.W. Moore


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Whig, Pages 16494-16496, G. Peele


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White-collar Workers, History of, Pages 16496-16500, M. Prinz


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Williams Syndrome, Pages 16500-16504, A. Karmiloff-Smith


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Wisdom, Psychology of, Pages 16510-16514, U.M. Staudinger


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Wisdom: Philosophical Aspects, Pages 16504-16510, W. Welsch


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Witchcraft, Pages 16514-16517, P. Geschiere


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Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951), Pages 16517-16522, E. von Savigny


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Women and Psychiatry, Pages 16522-16528, C. Nadelson


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Women's Health, Pages 16528-16532, M.N. Haan


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Women's Religiosity, Pages 16532-16534, G. Davie, T. Walter


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Women's Suffrage, Pages 16534-16538, K. Offen


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Word Classes and Parts of Speech, Pages 16538-16545, M. Haspelmath


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Word Meaning: Psychological Aspects, Pages 16549-16552, B.C. Malt


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Word Order, Pages 16552-16555, A. Siewierska


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Word Recognition, Cognitive Psychology of, Pages 16556-16561, M.A. Moreno, G.C.
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Word, Linguistics of, Pages 16545-16549, M. Aronoff


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Work and Labor: History of the Concept, Pages 16561-16565, B. Zimmermann


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Work, History of, Pages 16569-16575, J. Ehmer


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Work, Sociology of, Pages 16575-16579, F.C. Gamst


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Work: Anthropological Aspects, Pages 16565-16569, G. Spittler


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Working Classes, History of, Pages 16579-16583, M. Van der Linden


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Working Memory, Neural Basis of, Pages 16583-16587, M. Petrides


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Working Memory, Psychology of, Pages 16587-16593, R.H. Logie, S. Della Sala
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Workplace Environmental Psychology, Pages 16593-16598, E. Sundstrom


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Workplace Safety and Health, Pages 16598-16604, S. Salminen


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Worksite Health Promotion and Wellness Programs, Pages 16604-16609, J.T.S. Ho


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World Systems Theory, Pages 16609-16613, D. Chirot


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World Trade Organization, Pages 16613-16616, J. Whalley


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Wright, Sewall (1889–1988), Pages 16616-16619, J.F. Crow


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Writing Instruction, Pages 16625-16629, D. Galbraith


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Writing Process, Psychology of, Pages 16629-16633, R.T. Kellogg


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Writing Systems, Pages 16633-16640, R.D. Woodard


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Writing Systems, Psychology of, Pages 16640-16643, D.R. Olson


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Writing, Evolution of, Pages 16619-16625, D. Schmandt-Besserat


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Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian (1832–1920), Pages 16644-16647, L. Sprung


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Y-chromosomes and Evolution, Pages 16653-16657, A. Ruiz-Linares
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Authors Youth Culture, Anthropology of, Pages 16657-16660, V. Amit


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Youth Culture, Sociology of, Pages 16660-16664, M. Buchmann
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Youth Gangs, Pages 16664-16668, C.S. Taylor


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Youth Movements, Pages 16668-16671, R.G. Braungart, M.M. Braungart


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Youth Movements, History of, Pages 16671-16674, J. Reulecke


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Youth Sports, Psychology of, Pages 16674-16678, D.L. Feltz


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Youth to Adulthood across Cultures, Transition from, Pages 16678-16682, A. Grob


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