Exp 2 IV PV Curve On Single Module

B.
Tech 6th Semester (AY:2020-2021) 19EE306P Renewable Energy Engineering
Date:
Experiment No. 2
Aim:
 To demonstrate the I-V and P-V characteristics of PV module with varying
radiation and temperature level.
Apparatus: (write by yourself)
Specification of PV Module:
For kit with artificial light: (Wattage:_______________)
Vm
Im
Voc
Isc
where,
Wattage = Capacity of module
Vm = Voltage at Maximum power point
Im = Current at Maximum power point
VOC = Open circuit voltage
Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

B.Tech 6th Semester (AY:2020-2021) 19EE306P Renewable Energy Engineering
ISC = Short circuit current
Theory:
PV module is characterized by its I-V and P-V characteristics. At a particular solar insolation and
temperature, module characteristic curves are shown in Fig.2.1 (a) and 2.1(b) respectively.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Figure 2.1 (a)
Figure 2.1 (b)
Fig. 2. 1 I-V and P-V Characteristics of PV module
Characteristic curves of solar cell:
In I-V characteristics maximum current at zero voltage is the short circuit current ( I sc) which can
be measured by shorting the PV module and maximum voltage at zero current is the open circuit
voltage (V oc ).
In P-V curve the maximum power is achieved only at a single point which is called MPP
(maximum power point) and the voltageand current corresponding to this pointare referred as
V mpand I mp.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

On increasing the temperature, V oc of module decreases as shown in Fig. 2.2 while I sc remains
the same which in turn reduces the power. For most crystalline silicon solar cells modules the
reduction is about 0.50%/°C.
Fig 2.2 Variation in V oc with change in Temperature
On changing the solar isolation I scof themodule increases while the V oc increasesvery slightly as
shown in Fig. 2.3.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Fig. 2.3 Variation in PV Characteristics with PV Isolation
Fill Factor:
The Fill Factor (FF) is essentially a measure of quality of the solar cell. It is the ratio of the
actual achievable maximum power to the theoretical maximum power (P T) that would be
achieved with open circuit voltage and short circuit current together. FF can also be interpreted
graphically as the ratio of the rectangular areas as depicted in Fig.2.4
Fig. 2. 4 Graphical representation of Fill Factor
A larger fill factor is desirable and corresponds to an I-V sweep that is more square-like. Typical
fill factors range from 0.5 to 0.82. Fill factor is also often represented as a percentage.
Experimental Setup:
The circuit diagram to evaluate I-V and P-V characteristics of a module is shown in Fig.2.5. PV
system which includes PV module and a variable resistor (pot-meter) with ammeter and
voltmeter for measurement is shown in Fig 2.5. Pot-meter in this circuit works as a variable load
for the module. When load on the module is varied by pot meter the current and voltage of the
module gets changed which shift the operating point on I-V and P-V characteristics.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Reference Circuit Diagram: (A sample is given for reference)
Fig. 2.5 Circuit Diagram
PV characteristics evaluation can be achieved by following connections in control board the

layout is as shown below.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Fig. 2.6 Connection Diagram
Actual Circuit Diagram: (It is expected that actual circuit diagram is to be

drawn by students as per the connections)
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

 Different sets of readings are to be noted down in the observation table provided below
for various irradiance and temperature change.
 Keep a constant irradiance by setting the position and intensity of lamps.
 For a fixed radiations note down the temperature, voltage, current and power.
 Change the irradiance by changing the intensity of lamps.
 Note down the readings for set 2
 Similarly note down the reading for set 3 and set 4.
Precautions:
1. Readings for one set should be taken within 1-2 minutes (for indoor experiment)
otherwise temperature of the module may vary as radiation source used is halogen lamp.
2. Halogen lamp position should not be changed during one set otherwise radiation on
modules will change.
3. Connections should be tight.
Observation Tables:
Note: These 4 sets are for different radiation and temperature levels but in one set the values of
radiation and temperature will be constant.
Set-1
Constant Irradiance Radiation=___________
Sr. No. Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Set-2
Sr.No Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)
Set-3
Set-4
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Computational Table:-
Sets V mp I mp V oc I sc FF Pmpp Rs Rp
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Set 4
EQUATIONS:-
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

V oc
R s< 0.01
I sc
V oc
R p >100
I sc
R s=Series resistance of PV
R p=Shunt resistance of PV
V (2 V mp −V oc ) (I sc−I mp)
th=¿ ¿
I ( Isc −I mp) ¿
mp −¿( Isc −I mp) ln
Isc
Calculation & Plotting of Results in Graph:
1. Draw the I-V curves of all the sets on a single graph and show the characteristics at
different radiation and temperatures levels.
2. Draw the P-V curves of all sets on a single graph and show the Solar characteristics at
different radiation and temperatures levels.
3. Calculate and note down the values in computation table for all four sets.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

I-V curves
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

P-V curves
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Conclusion:
Questions:
 Write a technical note on I-V and P-V curves of Solar PV module.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

 Explain Standard Test Conditions of PV cell with different load and different solar
radiation levels in detail with necessary layouts.
Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Exp 2 IV PV Curve On Single Module

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B.

Tech 6th Semester (AY:2020-2021) 19EE306P Renewable Energy Engineering

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

ISC = Short circuit current

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Figure 2.1 (a)

Figure 2.1 (b)

Fig. 2. 1 I-V and P-V Characteristics of PV module

Characteristic curves of solar cell:

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Fig 2.2 Variation in V oc with change in Temperature

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Fig. 2.3 Variation in PV Characteristics with PV Isolation

Fig. 2. 4 Graphical representation of Fill Factor

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Reference Circuit Diagram: (A sample is given for reference)

Fig. 2.5 Circuit Diagram

PV characteristics evaluation can be achieved by following connections in control board the

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Fig. 2.6 Connection Diagram

Actual Circuit Diagram: (It is expected that actual circuit diagram is to be

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Sr. No. Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Sr.No Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)

Sr.No Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Constant Irradiance Radiation=___________

Sr.No Temperature Volts (V) Amp (A) Power (W)

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Calculation & Plotting of Results in Graph:

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar Page no. |

Dr. Bhinal Mehta

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