LEMBAGA KAJIAN DAN PENGAJARAN BAHASA
TOEFL ONLINE CLASS
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SECTION 1
LISTENING COMPREHENTION
Part A
Directions : in part A you will hear short
conversation between two people. After each
conversation, you will hear a question about the
conversation. The conversation and questions
will not be repeated. After you hear a question,
read the four possible answers in your test book
and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.
Listen to an example.
On the recording, you will hear :
(man) : That exam was just awful.
(woman) : Oh, it could have been worse.
(narrator) : What does the woman mean?
In your test book, you will read :
(A) The exam was really awful.
(B) It was the worst exam she had ever seen.
(C) It couldn’t have been more difficult.
(D) It wasn’t that hard.
You learn from the conversation that the man
thought the exam was very difficult and that the
woman disagreed with the man. The best answer
to the question, “What does the woman mean?” is
(D), “it wasn’t that hard.” Therefore, the correct
choice is (D).
1. (A) Carla does not live very far away
(B) What Carla said was unjust
(C) He does not fear what anyone says
(D) Carla is fairly rude to others
2. (A) She thinks it’s an improvement
(B) The fir trees in it are beter
(C) It resembles the last one
(D) It is the best man has ever done
3. (A) He graduated last in his class
(B) He is the last person in his family to
graduate
(C) He doesn’t believe he can improve
gradually
(D) He has finally finished his studies
4. (A) He’s surprised there was five dresses
(B) It was an unexpectedly inexpensive
dress
(C) He would like to know what color
dress it was
(D) The dress was not cheap
5. (A) Leave the car somewhere else
(B) Ignore the parking tickets
(C) Add more money to the meter
(D) Pay the parking attendant
6. (A) He does not like to hold too many
books at one time
(B) There is no bookstore in his
neighborhood
(C) It’s not possible to obtain the book
yet
(D) He needs to talk to someone at the
bookstore
7. (A) It was incomplete
(B) It finished on time
(C) It was about honor
(D) It was too long
8. (A) She needs to use the man’s notes
(B) Yesterday’s physics class was quite
boring
(C) She took some very good notes in
physics class
(D) She would like to lend the man her
notes
9. (A) It’s her birthday today
(B) She’s looking for a birthday gift
(C) She wants to go shopping with her
dad
(D) She wants a new wallet for herself
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10. (A) He prefers cold water (D) Problems occur when people don’t
(B) His toes are too big
wait their turn
(C) The pool felt quite refreshing
(D) He didn’t go for a swim 17. (A) In a mine
(B) In a jewelry store
11. (A) She just left her sister’s house (C) In a clothing store
(B) Her sister is not at home (D) In a bank
(C) She’s not exactly sure where her
18. (A) A visit to the woman’s family
sweater is
(B) The telephone bill
(D) She doesn’t know where her sister
(C) The cost of s new telephone
lives
(D) How far away the woman’s family
12. (A) She doesn’t have time to complete
additional report lives
(B) She cannot finish the reports that she
19. (A) She hasn’t meet her new boss yet
is already working on
(B) She has a good opinion of her boss
(C) She is scared of having responsibility
(C) Her boss has asked her about her
for the reports
impressions of the company
(D) It is not time for the accounting
(D) Her boss has been putting a lot of
reports to be compiled
pressure on her
13. (A) He’s had enough exercise
20. (A) The recital stars in three hours
(B) He’s going to give himself a reward
(B) He intends to recite three different
for the hard work
poems
(C) He’s going to stay on for quite some
(C) He received a citation on the third oh
time
the moon
(D) He would like to give the woman an
(D) He thinks the performance begins at
exercise machine as a gift
three
21. (A) Choose a new dentist
14. (A) He cannot see the huge waves
(B) Cure the pain himself
(B) The waves are not coming in
(C) Make an appointment with his dentist
(C) He would like the woman to repeat
(D) Ask his dentist about the right way to
what she said
brush
(D) He agrees with the woman
22. (A) It is almost five o’clock
15. (A) The exam was postponed
(B) The man doesn’t really need the
(B) The man should have studied harder
stamps
(C) Night is the best time to study for the
(C) It is a long way to the post office
exam
(D) It would be better to go after five
(D) She is completely prepared for the
exam o’clock
23. (A) The article was placed on reserve
16. (A) Students who want to change
(B) The woman must ask the professor
schedules should from a line
for a copy
(B) It is only possible to make four
(C) The woman should look through a
changes in the schedule
number of journals in the library
(C) It is necessary to submit the form
(D) He has reservations about the
quickly
information in the article
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24. (A) He needs to take a nap
(B) He hopes the woman will help him to
calm down
(C) The woman just woke him up
(D) He is extremely relaxed
25. (A) She doesn’t think the news repost is
false
(B) She has never before reported on the
news
(C) She never watches the news on
television
(D) She shares the man’s opinion about
the report
26. (A) Management will offer pay raises on
friday
(B) The policy has not yet been decided
(C) The manager is full of hot air
(D) The plane has not yet landed
27. (A) He doesn’t believe that it is really
snowing
(B) The snow had been decided
(C) The exact amount of snow is unclear
(D) He expected the woman to go out in
the snow
28. (A) She’s going to take the test over again
(B) She thinks she did a good job on the
exam
(C) She has not yet taken the literature
exam
(D) She’s unhappy with how she did
29. (A) The door was unlocked
(B) It was better to wait outside
(C) He could not open the door
(D) He needed to take a walk
30. (A) He nailed the door shut
(B) He is heading home
(C) He hit himself in the head
(D) He is absolutely correct
Part B
Directions : in this part of the test, you will hear
longer conversation. After each conversation, you
will hear several questions. The conversation and
questions will not be repeated. After you hear a
question, read the four possible answers in your
test book and choose the best answer. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to
the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or
write in your test book.
31. (A) The haircut is unusually short
(B) This is Bob’s first haircut
(C) Bob doesn’t know who gave him the
haircut
(D) After the haircut, Bob’s hair still
touches the floor
32. (A) It is just what he wanted
(B) He enjoys having the latest style
(C) He dislikes it immensely
(D) He thinks it will be cool in the
summer
33. (A) a broken mirror
(B) the hairstylist
(C) the scissors used to cut his hair
(D) piles of his hair
34. (A) “you should become a hairstylist”
(B) “please put it back on”
(C) “it’ll grow back”
(D) “it won’t grow fast enough”
35. (A) every evening
(B) every week
(C) every sundsy
(D) every mounth
36. (A) that she was eighty-five years old
(B) that a strom was coming
(C) that she was under a great deal of
pressure
(D) that she wanted to become a weather
forecaster
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37. (A) in her bones
(B) in her ears
(C) in her legs
(D) in her head
38. (A) call his great-grandmother less often
(B) watch the weather forecasts with his
great-grandmother
(C) help his great grandmother relieve
some of her pressures
(D) believe his great-grandmother’s
predictions about the weather
Part C
Directions : in this part of the test, you will hear
several talks. After each talk, you will hear some
questions. The talks and questions will not be
repeated. After you hear a question, read the four
possible answers in your test book and choose the
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen.
Here is an example.
On the recording, you will hear :
In your test book, you will read :
(A) American Regionalist.
(B) The Family Farm in lowa
(C) American Gothic
(D) A Serious Couple
The best answer to the question, “What style of
painting is known as American regionalist?” is
(C). “American Gothic.” Therefore, the correct
choice is (C).
39. (A) in a car
(B) on a hike
(C) on a tram
(D) in a lecture hall
40. (A) it means they have big tears
(B) it means they like to swim
(C) it means they look like crocodiles
(D) it means they are pretending to be sad
41. (A) they are sad
(B) they are warming themselves
(C) they are getting rid of salt
(D) they regret their actions

(narrator) : Listen to an instructor talk to 42. (A) taking photographs

his class about painting. (B) getting closer to the crocodiles
(man) : Artist Grand Wood was a (C) exploring the water’s edge
guilding force in the school of painting known as (D) getting off the tram
American regionalist, a style reflecting the
distinctive characteristics of art from natural art 43. (A) water sports
from rules area of the United States. Wood began (B) physics
drawing animals on the family farm at the age of (C) American history
three, and when he was thirty-eight one of his (D) psychology
paintings received a remarkable amount of public
notice and acclaim. This painting, called 44. (A) to cut
“American Gothic,” is a starkly simple depiction (B) to move fast
of a serious couple starting directly out at the (C) to steer a boat
viewer. (D) to build a ship

Now, listen to a sample question.
(narrator) : What style of painting is known as
American regionalist?
45. (A) to bring tea from China
(B) to transport gold to California
(C) to trade with the British
(D) to sail the American river system
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46. (A) a reading assignment

(B) a quiz on friday
(C) a research paper for the end of the
semester
(D) some written homework

47. (A) writers

(B) actors
(C) athletes
(D) musicians

48. (A) he or she would see butterflies

(B) he or she would break a leg
(C) he or she would have shaky knees
(D) he or she would stop breathing

49. (A) by starting at the audience

(B) by breathing shallowly
(C) by thinking about possible negative
outcomes
(D) by focusing on what needs to be
done

50. (A) at two o’clock

(B) at four o’clock
(C) at six o’clock
(D) at eight o’clock
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SECTION 2 (D) to realize

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION 5. Artists are obliged to create a fixed number of
works during each month of their five year
contract, usually two to three, and __________
1. What kind of losses might we______in the one painting a month for a further years
absence of improved sanitation?
(A) delivered
(A) incur
(B) is delivering
(B) incurs
(C) have delivered
(C) incuring
(D) to deliver
(D) incured

6. They generally_____very clean beaches and

2. Children ___________ screen positive on they_____their waste well.
modified checklist for autism in toddlers may be
at greater risk for developing autism. (A) have – manages

(A) which (B) have – manage

(B) who (C) has – manage

(C) whom (D) has – manages

(D) whose
7. A study ________ in 1997 by Michigan State
University showed that children at that time were
3. The explosion in the number of art fairs spending just over two hours per week on study,
________ the most significant change in the which could include activities other than
market since the turn of the century. homework
(A) is (A) performing
(B) are (B) performed
(C) have been (C) was performing
(D) be (D) were performing

4. I think it’s taken some time for 8. Human brains ________ large and small
people______the importance of improved numbers of objects using two different
sanitation. mechanisms.
(A) realize (A) process
(B) realizes (B) processes
(C) have realized (C) is processed
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(D) is processing (D) do

9. The ultimate goal of disaster risk
science_____to understand disasters and risks.
13. In a dance, there are_____stops, and the stops
(A) are are not about being stagnant.
(B) is (A) a
(C) were (B) an
(D) have (C) several
(D) one
10. The systematic study of disasters through an
inter-disciplinary approach______.
14. One of the kids that I interviewed at the
(A) are just beginning museum_____El.
(B) were just beginning (A) is name
(C) is just beginning (B) was named
(D) have just begun (C) are named
(D) were named
11. Once programmed to get rid of citrullinated
proteins, the immune system can start attacking
its own tissues and organs, thereby causing the 15. The show______the true inner resilience of
autoimmune processes __________ may result in the people that needs to be explored.
rheumatoid arthritis. (A) demonstrate
(A) who (B) demonstrates
(B) which (C) demonstrating
(C) whose (D) demonstration
(D) whom

12. From a management science perspective,

managing expectations of diverse
stakeholders____a difficult job.
(A) is
(B) are
(C) were
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16. According(A) to the Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries Ministry’s data, Indonesia’s(B) fish
production is(C) 10.83 million(D) tons last year.
17. A war with(A) China over Taiwan or the
Spratly Islands are(B) simple to start(C) but hard
to end, and could very easily(D) escalate.
18. If I look at(A) it in the arc of my career, it
is(B) a tiny jobs(C), and in a place that hasn’t
really been that significant, frankly(D), to me.
19. My lesson to my students are(A) they have
to(B) be open and alert at(C) every(D) turn.
20. They thought(A) I was not normal because(B)
I was very(C) difference from(D) everybody else
in my family.
21. I would have expect(A) some discussion in
the management discussion and analysis of
how(B) this has had(C) a positive impact on these
banks’ operating(D) results.
22. I asked(A) officials at(B) Citigroup and
Morgan Stanley about(C) these disclosure(D).
23. The(A) rules is found(B) in a section of the
S.E.C.’s(C) Codification of Financial
Reporting(D) Policies.
24. Investors didn’t know(A) what(B) dire the
situation was(C) at these (D) institutions.
25. Numbers for(A) individual(B) companies
was(C) equally(D) astonishing.
26. The Fed says(A) that the money it lent in these
programs(B) was paid back without(C)
generates(D) any losses.
27. The rules grows out(A) of the savings and
loan crisis, during which(B) hundreds of banks
failed(C) and others received(D) government
help.
28. Other banks kept silent(A) on these activities
or(B) mentioned(C) them in passing with few
specific(D).
29. During(A) a group discussion, it can be(B)
difficult for the group to know(C) how and when
begin(D) the discussion.
30. Did(A) you both understand(B) all the points
in the lecture and catching(C) all the
information(D)?
31. Please, decide(A) on three things to
observes(B) that will give(C) you information
about(D) the pace of life at your school.
32. General Electric is(A) most famous for his(B)
electric appliances, but(C) it also makes(D) jet
engines, electric motors, and much more.
33. Vossoughi found out that most people
prefers(A) attractive headsets that(B) they can
touch(C) and use(D) without thinking.
34. They both(A) know how(B) to think(C)
outside the box and created(D) success after
success.
35. Because of(A) Barbara works(B) at the
restaurant in the morning, she usually arrives(C)
five to ten minutes late to(D) class.
36. The professor will tells(A) you the big picture
or(B) the general(C) plan of(D) the lecture.
37. You should listen(A) for the words and
expression(B) that(C) professors use to tell(D)
you the big picture of the lecture.
38. To help(A) students understand(B) the
listening strategy, she(C) should discuss(D) the
situation and answer the questions.
39. Some companies can be(A) successful use(B)
traditional ways of creating new products, but(C)
other companies are successful when(D) they
think outside the box.
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40. Using(A) an informal outline with indentation

will help(B) you remember who(C) information
is more important and which information is
related(D) but less important.
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SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENTION
Question Number 1-10
In 1900 the United States had only three
cities with more than a million residents-New
York, Chicago, and Philadelpia. By 1930, it had
ten giant metropolises. The newer ones
experienced remarkable growth, which reflected
basic changes in the economy. The population of
Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly
in the early decades of the twentieth century,
increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to
1930.
A number of circumstances contributed
to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The
agricultural potencial of the area was enormous if
water for irrigation could be found, and the city
founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by
constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in
1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The
city had a superb natural harbor, as well as
excellent rail connections.
The climate made it possible to shoot
motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood.
Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it
disseminated an image of the good life in
Southern Californiaon screens all across the
nation. The most important single industry
powering the growth of Los Angeles, however,
was directly linked to the automobile. The
demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led
to the opening of Southern California oil fields,
and made Los Angeles North America’s greatest
refining center.
Los Angeles was a product of the auto
age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial
organization depended on widespread private
ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a
decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the
desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles.
It was a city without a real center.
The downtown business distric did not
gro aace with the city as a whole, and the rapid
transit system designed to link the center with
outlying areas whitered away from disuse.
Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in os
Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents.
Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed
at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los
Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search
of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city
built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the
city.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The growth of cities in the United States
in the early 1900’s
(B) The development of the Southern
California oil fields
(C) Factors contributing to the growth of
Los Angeles
(D) Industry and city planning in Los
Angeles
2. The author characterizes the growth of
new large cities in the United States
after 1900 as resulting primarily from
(A) new economic conditions
(B) images of cities
(C) new agricultural techniques
(D) a large migrant population
3. The word “meteoric” in line 6 is closest
in meaning to
(A) rapid
(B) famous
(C) controversial
(D) methodical
4. The word “it” in line 8 refers to
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(A) aqueduct 8. According to the passage, the Southern

California oil fields were initially
(B) vision exploited due to

(C) water (A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles’ rail

system
(D) agricultural potential
(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in
5. According to the passage, the most North America
important factor in the development of
agriculture around Los Angeles was the (C) a desire to put unproductive desert land to
good use
(A) influx of “new residents to agricultural areas
near the city (D) innovative planning on the part of the city
founders
(B) construction of an aqueduct
9. the phrase “apace with” in line 19 is
(C) expansion of transportation facilities closest in meaning to

(D) development of new connections to the city’s (A) anew with

natural harbor
(B) apart from
6. According to the passage, the initial
success of Hollywood’s motion picture (C) as fast as
industry was due largely to the
(D) at the middle of
(A) availability of many skilled workers
10. it can be inferred from the passage that
(B) beauty of the countryside the spatial organization of Los Angeles
contributed to the relative decline there
(C) region’s reputation for luxurious lifestyle of

(D) region’s climate and good weather (A) public transportation

7. It can be inferred from the passage that in (B) industrial areas

1930 the greatest number of people in the
Los Angeles area were employed in (C) suburban neighborhoods

(A) farming (D) oil fields

(B) oil refining

(C) automobile manufacturing

(D) the motion picture industry

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Question Number 11-15 (A) Pickpockets are well dressed

(B) Jingle Bell Schools
Throughout history, people have been the (C) Pickpockets
victim of pickpockets. Today, pick pocketing is (D) The hanging of pickpockets
the one of the most rapidly increasing crimes.
Pickpockets are increasing in number and 12. The hanging of pickpockets were not
developing better methods to Line practice their
continued because …
skill. Approximately one million Americans lose
money to pickpockets every year, and none is
really safe from a skilled pickpockets. His (A) they were large crowd of people
victims, or ‘marks’ as they are called, can be rich (B) it was against humanity
or poor, young or old. (C) the police were not at the hanging
(D) it was not effective to stop
During the eighteenth century, pickpocketing
pickpockets were hanged in England, large
crowds of people would gather watch the 13. Pick pocketing is … crime.
hanging, which was supposed to be a warning to
other pickpockets. However, in time the practice (A) an old
was discontinued. The reason: while people were
(B) a modern
attentively watching the hanging of a
pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully stole the (C) a temporary
money of spectators. (D) a contemporary

Police official say that the most efficient 14. The passage mentions that
pickpockets come from South America. Many of pickpockets steal in/from the
these expert pickpockets are trained in special following, except
school called ‘Jingle Bell Schools’. A
pickpocket’s graduate from J. B. S when he is (A) crowded places
able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy (B) the shops
(mannequin) that has bells inside its pockets. (C) drunkards
Even the most well dressed, respectable person (D) women
may be a pickpocket. Some of the favorite places
of pickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack,
supermarkets, elevators, and train and bus 15. South Americans pickpockets are the
stations. Oftentimes a pickpocket will work with most efficient ones because …
another pickpockets as his partner. Another kind
of pickpockets works outside or inside bars and (A) they are well-trained
specialize in stealing from women is called a (B) they are handsome
‘purse snatcher’. (C) they are well-dressed
(D) they are respectable
To avoid being the victim of a
pickpocket, it’s important to be very cautious and
alert when in the midst of large gathering of the
people.

11. The best title for the passage would

be…
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Question Number 16-23
The cause of tooth decay is acid,
which is produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The acid removes minerals from tooth
enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the
saliva in your mouth encourages
remineralization and Line neutralizes the
acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth
produce acid depends on the amount of
plaque on the teeth, the composition of the
microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of
the plaque have been “primed” by frequent
exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth
healthy, a regular dental hygiene program
should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush
and dental floss temporarily reduces the
numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus
reduces tooth decay. It also makes the
surfaces of the teeth more accessible,
enabling saliva to neutralize acid and
remineralise lesions. If fluoride is present in
drinking water when teeth are forming, some
fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the
teeth, making them more resistant to attack
by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in
another way, by promoting the
remineralization of early carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene
program, a good way to keep your teeth
healthy is to reduce your intake of sweet food.
The least cavity- causing way to eat sweets is
to have them with meals and not between.
The number of times you eat sweets rather
than the total amount determines how much
harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva
produce. But the amount of sweets influences
the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you can,
sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long
time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth
after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your
mouth with water is effective. Whenever
possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw
carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that
scrape off plaque, acting as a toothbrush.
Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules
are followed when eating sweets.
16. What does this passage mainly discuss?
(A) Good nutrition
(B) Food with fiber
(C) Ways to keep your teeth healthy
(D) Fluoridization and cavities
17. According to the passage, all of the
following statements about plaque are true
EXCEPT…
(A) it consists of acid producing bacteria
(B) it is not affected by eating sweets
(C) it can be removed from teeth by
brushing and flossing
(D) it reduces the positive effect of saliva
18. We can infer from the passage that one
benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is…
(A) It strengthens tooth enamel
(B) it stimulates saliva production
(C) it makes teeth whiter
(D) It Is a replacement for brushing and
flossing in dental care
19. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to …
(A) dental floss
(B) bacteria
(C) removal of plaque
(D) plaque
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20. What can be concluded from the passage
about sweets?
(A) All sweets should be avoided.
(B) Sweets should be eaten with care.
(C) It is better to eat sweets a little at a time
throughout the day.
(D) Sticky sweets are less harmful than other
sweets.
21. The word “scrape off” in paragraph 3 is
closest in meaning to…
(A) repel
(B) rub together with
(C) remove
(D) dissolve
22. According to the passage, the value of
eating foods with fiber is that …
(A) they contain Vitamin A
(B) they are less expensive than a toothbrush
(C) they are able to remove the plaque from
your teeth
(D) they contain no sugar
23. The author of the passage states that the
amount of acid produced by the bacteria in
your saliva increases …
(A) with the amount of sweets you eat
(B) with the number of times you eat sweets
(C) if you eat sweets with your meals
(D) if you eat sticky sweets
Question Number 24-34
Until recently, most American
entrepreneurs weremen. Discrimination
against women in business, the demands of
caring for families, and lack of business
training had kept the number of women
entrepreneurs Line small. Now, however,
businesses owned by women account for
more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and
this figure is likely to continue rising
throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt
Gray, an official of the Small Business
Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was
the decade of women entering management,
and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of
the woman entrepreneur”.
What are some of the factors behind
this trend? For one thing, as more women
earn advanced degrees in business and enter
the corporate world, they are finding
obstacles. Women are still excluded from
most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a
management consultant, had noted, “In the
1970s women believed if they got an MBA
and worked hard they could become
chairman of the board. Now they’ve found
out that isn’t going to happen, so they go out
on their own”.
In the past, most women
entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” fields:
cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this
is changing. Consider ASK Computer
Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer
software business. It was founded in 1973 by
Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife
with degrees in math and engineering. When
Kurtzig founded the business, her first
product was software that let weekly
newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper
carriers and her office was a bedroom at
home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold
the company’s cash. After she succeeded
with the newspaper software system, she
hired several bright computer-science
graduates to develop additional programs.
When these were marketed and sold, ASK
began to grow. It now has 200 employees,
and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of
stock.
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Of course, many women who start
their own businesses fail, just as men often
do. They still face hurdles in the business
world, especially problems in raising money;
the banking and finance world is still
dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard.
Most businesses owned by women are still
quite small. But the situation is changing;
there are likely to be many more Sandra
Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
24. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) Women today are better educated than
in the past, making them more attractive to
the business world.
(B) The computer is especially lucrative for
women today.
(C) Women are better at small businesses
than men are.
(D) Women today are opening more
businesses of their own.
25. The word “excluded” in paragraph 2 is
closest in meaning to…
(A) not permitted in
(B) often invited to
(C) decorators of
(D) charged admission to
26. All of the following were mentioned in
the passage as detriments to women in the
business world EXCEPT…
(A) women were required to stay at home
with their families
(B) women lacked ability to work in
business
(C) women faced discrimination in business
(D) women were not trained in business
27. In paragraph 2, “that” refers to …
(A) a woman becomes chairman of the
board
(B) women working hard
(C) women achieving advanced degrees
(D) women believing that business is a place
for them
28. According to the passage, Charlotte
Taylor believes that women in the 1970s…
(A) were unrealistic about their
opportunities in business management
(B) were still more interested in education
than business opportunities
(C) had fewer obstacles in business than
they do today
(D) were unable to work hard enough to
succeed in business
29. The author mentions the “shoebox under
the bed” in the third paragraph in order to…
(A) show the frugality of women in business
(B) show the resourcefulness of Sandra
Kurtzig
(C) point out that initially the financial
resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were
limited
(D) suggest that the company needed to
expand
30. In the third paragraph, the word “this”
refers to…
(A) women becoming entrepreneurs
(B) women buying cosmetics and clothing
(C) women working in “women’s fields”
(D) women staying at home
31. The expression “keep tabs on” in the
third paragraph is closest in meaning to …
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(A) recognize the appearance of
(B) keep records of
(C) provide transportation for
(D) pay the salaries of
32. The word “hurdles” in the last paragraph
can be best replaced by…
(A) fences
(B) obstacles
(C) questions
(D) small groups
33. It can be inferred from the passage that
the author believes that businesses operated
by women are small because …
(A) women prefer a small intimate setting
(B) women can’t deal with money
(C) women are not able to borrow money
easily
(D) many women fail at large businesses
34. The author’s attitude about the future of
women in business is …
(A) skeptical
(B) optimistic
(C) frustrated
(D) negative
Question Number 35-40
Robert Moog was an American
inventor who developed the Moog
Synthesizer. It was one of the first
synthesizers to gain widespread use as a
musical instrument. Moog’s synthesizers
were an important pa Line of musical
innovation in rock and jazz music in the
1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was
born in Queens, a borough of New York City
75 years ago. He became fascinated with
electronics as a teenager, particularly an early
electronic music instrument called the
theremin. Moog studied physic and electrical
engineering at Queens College and Columbia
University, both in New York City and later
received a Ph.D. in engineering physic
Cornel University in Ithaca, New York. In
1954, while still an undergraduate student,
Moog formed his own company to sell
theremins and theremin kits.
Soon after, Moog began working on a
keyboard instrument that could replicate the
sound of any musical instrument
electronically. Working with American
composer Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced
the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a
convention in 1964. The device represented a
significant advance over previous electronic
synthesizer because of its use of new
semiconductor technology, which made it
smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier
machines. The Moog, as it was known, was
soon in demand by musician all over the
world.
In 1964, Moog began a collaboration
with American composer and organist Walter
Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released
the bestselling electronic music album
Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups
such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz
musicians such as Herbie Hancock and Chick
Corea began incorporating Moog Synthesizer
into their recordings, a trend that increased
when the company introduced the compact
and portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog
Synthesizer was also prominently featured on
the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork
Orange in 1971. Encyclopedia of World
Biography, 2008
35. The word “prominently” in paragraph 3
can easily be replaced by …
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(A) significantly
(B) perfectly
(C) accurately
(D) excellently
36. The passage describes theremin as a/an
… Question Number 41-50
(A) prototype of Moog Synthesizer
(B) initial electronic music instrument
(C) musical instrument to replicate the
sound
(D) instrument of electronic tool
37. The pronoun “it” paragraph 2 refers to…
(A) electronic synthesizer
(B) a keyboard instrument
(C) prototype of Moog Synthesizer
(D) new semiconductor technology
38. According to the passage, all of the
following are true about The Moog,
EXCEPT…
(A) it was invented by Robert Moog
(B) it was first introduced in 1964
(C) it initiated new technology which was
smaller and cheaper than previous
(D) it was the first synthesizer in the world
39. The paragraph following the passage
most likely discusses…
(A) collaboration between The Moog and
other musicians
(B) the description of compact and portable
Mini Moog
(C) the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
(D) trend in the music industry about
synthesizer
40. The main idea of paragraph three is …
(A) the Moog’s collaboration in music field
(B) the Moog in the movie soundtrack
(C) the introduction of Minimoog
(D) the collaboration of The Moog with
music groups
Awarded the Nobel prize for physics
in 1918, German physics Max Planck is best
remembered as the originator of the quantum
theory. His work helped user in a new era in
theoretical physics and revolutionized the
scientific community’s understanding of
atomic and sub-atomic processes.
Planck intriduced an idea that led to
the quantum theory, which became the
foundation of twentieth century physics. In
December 1900, Plnck worked out an
equation that described the distribution of
radiation accurately over the range of low to
high frequencies. He had developed a theory
which depended on a model of matter that
seemed very strange at the time. The model
required the emission of electromagnetic
radiation in small chunks or particles. These
particles were later called quantums. The
energy associated with each quatum is
measured by multiplying the frequency of the
radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus,
energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is
known as Planck’s constant. It is now
recognized as one of the fundamental
constant of the world.
Planck announced his finding in 1900,
but it was years before teh full consequences
of his revolutionary quantum theory were
recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made
significant contributions to optics,
thermodynamics and stastistical mechanics,
physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930,
He was elected president of the Kaiser
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Wilhelm society, which was renamed the (B) Quantum theory, which led to the
Max II. Though deeply opposed to the fascist development of twentieth century
regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in physics, is basically a mathematical
Germany throughout teh war. He died in formula
Gottingen on October 4, 1947. (C) Planck’s constant was not
discernible before 1900
41. In which of the following fields did (D) Radiation was hard to study
Max Planck NOT make a significant 47. “An idea” as used in line 4, refers
contribution? to…
(A) Optics (A) A model of matter
(B) Thermodynamics (B) Emission of electromagnetic
(C) Stastistical mechanics radiation
(D) Biology (C) Quantums
42. The word “revolutionary” as used in (D) The equation that described the
line 13, means… distribution of radiation accurately
(A) Dangerous over the range of low to high
(B) Extremist frequencies
(C) Momentous 48. The word “emission” as used in line
(D) Militarist 8 means…
43. It can inferred from the passage that (A) Giving off
Planck’s work led to the (B) Holding on to
development of which of the (C) Throwing away
following? (D) Taking back
(A) The rocket 49. Planck’s constant, expressed in a
(B) The atomic bomb mathematical formula, is…
(C) The internal combustion engine (A) e = v/h
(D) The computer (B) E = h/v
44. The particles of electromagnetic (C) e = h-v
radiation given off by matter are (D) E = hv
known as… 50. What is known as Planck’s constant?
(A) Quantums (A) v
(B) Atoms (B) h
(C) Electrons (C) e
(D) Valences (D) E
45. The word “universal”, as used in line
10 most nearly means…
(A) Planetary
(B) Cosmic
(C) Worldwide
(D) Always present
46. The implication in this passage is
that…
(A) Only a German physics could
discover such a theory