Assignment 1

Business Intelligence

Le Thanh Tai
 ASSIGNMENT 1

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 14: Business Intelligence

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Le Thanh Tai Student ID GCD17110

Class GCD0818 Assessor name Hoang Nhu Vinh

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

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 P1 P2 M1 M2 D1 D2

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Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
P1 Examine, using examples, the terms ‘Business Process’ and ‘Supporting Processes’.............................................................................................6
P2 Compare the types of support available for business decision-making at varying levels within an organisation.................................................11
Decision Making and Decision-Support Systems (DDS)......................................................................................................................................11
Type of Decision......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Decision Support System (DSS).............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Management Information System (MIS)................................................................................................................................................................16
M1 Differentiate between unstructured and semi-structured data within an organisation......................................................................................18
M2 Justify, with specific examples, the key features of business intelligence functionality......................................................................................22
Operation in Power BI is as follows:................................................................................................................................................................... 23
D1 Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using application software as a mechanism for business processing....................................................35
References................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Table of Figures
Figure 1:Business Process............................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2:Internally system.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 3:Externally system......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4:System and technology for BI....................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5:Pyramid Diagram of Organizational levels...................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 6: Structure of DSS.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 7:MIS works.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 8:Data HTML................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 9: Unstructured Email..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 10:Power BI..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 11:Interface BI................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 12:Log in to BI................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 13:Browser BI.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 14:Enterprise Resource Planning..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Introduction

IVYE is a new fashion brand for just 1-2 years. IVYE focuses on designing and selling all kinds of clothing and accessories for women
of all ages.

To be competitive in the industry, a business strategy is needed to help companies optimize business processes and best decisions.

The Board of Directors assigns you to study business intelligence to apply for the company in the coming years.

Tasks

You need to research about business processes and decision support processes in general. Evaluate the use of organizational
applications and data for these processes. Next you need to understand the main features of business intelligence and then compare
the types of support for decision-making at different levels (operational, tactical and strategic) as well as the technology or systems
that make that possible.

You need to present your research results to the board in a presentation in about 15 minutes.
P1 Examine, using examples, the terms ‘Business Process’ and ‘Supporting Processes’

What is Business Process?

Business Process is to promote businesses to effectively utilize internal resources to quickly accelerate and create more value. The
process itself, if not properly designed, not only helps enterprises respond quickly to the needs and changes of the market and
customers, but also hinders, the situation of resolving jobs in a way coping, leading to lack of connectivity across the enterprise.

The business process is continuous and long-term and in this process a lot of economic and financial operations arise, increasing and
decreasing assets and capital sources of enterprises. However, specific activities are often divided into different processes to meet
the information requirements for business management and operational management of the business units in the accounting
period. The business processes of the business depend on the operational characteristics and business areas of each business.

For business enterprises in the manufacturing sector, the business cycle is often divided into three processes: the supply process, the
production process and the sales process.
Example of a Business Process:

Figure 1:Business Process

What is Supporting Processes?

Supporting Processes don’t directly create products or service. But it necesssary to facilitate or management process. Example for
processes that support operation processes is supply procurement, inventory plenishment, and machine maintenace. Example of
processes are administrative, typically associate with finances, accounting , sale or human resoure.
Enhancing these processes means making the fundamentally and strategically strong. Although the support processes, do not add
value to the client directly, they help in developing a solid working environment.

Example of supporting processes:

 Manage Finance.
 Manage Information Systems.
 Manage Purchase, Stores.
 Manage R&D and Design,
 Manage Quality Systems.

Supporting business process divided into two part:

Internally focused systems and Externally focused systems.

Internally focused systems :

 Support function area, business process, and decision making within organization.
 New information is added at every step.

Figure 2:Internally system

Externally focused systems:

 Coordinate business activities with customers, suppliers, business partners, and others who operate outside the organization
 Modernize the flow of information between companies.

Figure 3:Externally system.

P2 Compare the types of support available for business decision-making at varying levels within an
organisation.

Decision Making and Decision-Support Systems (DDS)

Due to the importance of high-quality making decision, firms are investing heavily in business intelligence system, which contain of technologies
and applications designed to help users make better business decisions. The main applications and technologies used for business intelligence
include supply chain management, customer relationship management, and enterprise systems; systems for knowledge management; and
technologies such as data mining and online analytical processing (OLAP) [Figure 13-1]

Figure 4:System and technology for BI

Type of Decision

The following diagram illustrates the various levels of a typical organization.

Figure 5:Pyramid Diagram of Organizational levels

Operational management level

The operational level is worried about performing day to day business transactions of the organization.

Examples of users at this level of management contain teller at a point of sale, bank tellers, nurses in a hospital, customer care staff,
etc.

Users at this level use make structured decision. This mean is they have defined rules that guide them while make decisions.

For example, if a store sell items on credit and they have a credit policy that has some set limit on the borrowing. All the sales
person needs to decide whether to give credit to a customer or not is based on the current credit information from the system.

Tactical Management Level

This organization level is controlled by middle-level managers, heads of departments, supervisors, etc. The users at this level usually
supervise the activities of the users at the operational management level.

Strategic users make semi-structured decisions. The decisions are partly based on set recommendation and judgmental calls. As an
example, a tactical manager can check the credit limit and payments history of a customer and decide to make an exception to raise
the credit limit for a particular customer. The decision is partly structured in the sense that the tactical manager has to use existing
information to identify a payments history that benefits the organization and an allowed increase percentage.
Strategic Management Level

This is the most senior level in an organization. The users at this level make unstructured decisions. Senior level managers are
worried about the long-term planning of the organization. They use information from strategic managers and outside data to guide
them when making unstructured decisions.

Decision Support System (DSS)

Definition: A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-

making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher
management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance—
i.e. unstructured and semi-structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized or human-
powered, or a combination of both.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_support_system

Character of DSS:

 Support decision creators at all executive levels.

 Easy to concept.
 Support several interdependent and consecutive decisions.
 Can be modified over time to deal with changing conditions.
 Carry out sensitivity analysis.
Structure of DSS.

Figure 6: Structure of DSS

 Data management: Contains the database containing pertinent data for the decision situation.
 User Interface: Enables the user to communicated with DSS.
 Model Management: Contains software with financial, statistical, management science, or other measurable model.
 Knowledge Management: Providing knowledge for solution of the problem.
Management Information System (MIS)

Definition: A management information system (MIS) is a computer system consisting of hardware and software that serves as the
backbone of an organization’s operations. An MIS gathers data from multiple online systems, analyzes the information, and reports
data to aid in management decision-making.

Source: https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis

MIS is the acronym for Management Information Systems. In a nutshell, MIS is a collection of systems, hardware, procedures and
people that all work together to process, store, and produce information that is useful to the organization.

The following diagram illustrates how a typical manual information system works

Figure 7:MIS works

Compare to MIS and DSS
MIS
Providing information on company's performance to help
managers monitor and control the business.
Focused on internal events.
Cropping answers to routine questions and fixed, regularly
scheduled reports.
Sometimes MIS report are only exception report.
Make use of simple method such as immediates and assessment.
Depend on TPS for their data.
M1 Differentiate between unstructured and semi-structured data within an organisation
DSS
DSS support semi-structured and unstructured problem analysis
Bring information from external sources also.
Helping make decisions that are exclusive, rapidly changing and
not specified in advance.
DSS accentuates change, flexibility and rapid response and work
on communicating user-friendly mode.
Make use of maths model.
User internal information from both MIS and TPS.
What is Semi-structured data?

Semi-structured database: usually a structured but heterogeneous data. The structure of the data depends on the content of the
data itself. We can see that in fact the data is stored as free XML (without the schema), with this format describing the object shown
in the tags. This is a database with many advantages due to the storage of most different types of data, so the semi-structured
database is a new direction in research and application and is commonly used on the Internet. It should be noted, however, that
XML can also be described with structured data by including constructing and storing schema-compliant data..

Semi-Structured Data is not suitable for quantitative databases such as Excel or SQL, but nonetheless contains some levels of
organization through semantic elements such as tags.

For example, consider HTML, without limiting the amount of information you can collect in a document, but executing a certain
hierarchy:

Figure 8:Data HTML

This is a clear example of semi-structured data. As you can see, HTML is organized through code snippets, and it is not easy to
extract into the database, nor can you use traditional quantitative data analysis methods to better understand.
What is unstructured data?

Unstructured database: is a database that does not define the structure of information beforehand. Usually a set of raw,
heterogeneous and heterogeneous data. Database components do not have common characteristics. We can imagine this database
is a collection of information and data including: email, image data, video, audio, articles, ... Unstructured data is present throughout
everywhere and produced from different sources. For management, unstructured data needs to be transformed into structured data
through standardization.

(Unstructured Data) - also called qualitative data. When it comes to marketing, unstructured data is any opinion or comment you
can get about your brand, product or service. Although all your consumers are saying is extremely important and undeniable, you
cannot easily extract meaningful source of analytical data from those messages.
An example of unstructured data including email responses:

Figure 9: Unstructured Email

Differences between Semi-structured and Unstructured data:

Properties Semi-Structuted data Unstructured data

Technology It is based on XML/RDF It is based on nature and dual data.

Transaction management Transaction is adapted from DBMS not No transaction management and no
ripened. concomitant.
Version management. Can create versions on data sets or graphs. Version as the whole.
Flexibility It is more flexible than structured data but It is very flexible and has no schema.
less than flexible than unstructured data
Ability of extension It extends scale more simply than It is very scalable
structured data.
Strength New technology, not very blowout --
Query performance Queries over anonymous nodes are Only word-based query are possible

possible

M2 Justify, with specific examples, the key features of business intelligence functionality.

I often use power BI to manage data in my company so what is power ball?

What is Power BI?
Microsoft Power BI is a set of software, services, applications and connections that allow the integration of data from multiple sources for the
purpose of synthesizing, reporting, visual data representation and publishing data reports. Web environment is easy and convenient. Power BI is
a collection of online features and services that allow you to find, visualize data, share discoveries and collaborate in new, intuitive ways.

Power BI focuses on PowerBI.com, an online service in which you can quickly create dashboards, share reports and directly connect to (and
combine) all important data. for me. Power BI also introduces Power BI on Desktop Computers, a dedicated report authoring tool that allows
you to convert data, create reports and powerful visualizations, and easily publish to Power BI services. . Power BI also extends to all your mobile
devices.

Figure 10:Power BI

Power BI includes 3 main environments:

Power BI Desktop: Windows desktop application

Power BI service: online SaaS (Software as a Service)

Power BI apps : Mobile devices (Android, Windows phones, iOS)

I often use Power BI desktop.

Operation in Power BI is as follows:

 Put data into Power BI Desktop and create reports.
 Publish to the Power BI service, where you create new visualizations or build dashboards
 Share your dashboard with others, especially those on the move
 View and interact with shared dashboards and reports in the Power BI Mobile app

(Dashboards) are a single frame that contains zero or more cells and gadgets. Each cell is pinned from the report or displays a single
image created from the data set and pinned to the dashboard ..

(Visualizations) are visual representations of data, such as charts, charts, color-coded maps or other interesting things that you can
create to represent your data visually.

Working interface of Power BI Desktop

 Figure 11:Interface BI

If you already have an account, open your browser and enter app.powerbi.com to open the Power BI service.

1. Log in to Power BI
 Figure 12:Log in to BI

2. Power BI opens in your browser. Select Get data (Get data) at the end of the left navigation bar.

Figure 13:Browser BI
3. Select File (Files).
4. Browse to the file on your computer and select Open. If you saved it in OneDrive for Business, select that option. If you save
it locally, select the local file.
5. For this tutorial, we will select Import to add an Excel file as a data set that we can then use to create reports and dashboards. If you
select Upload, the entire Excel workbook is uploaded to Power BI, where you can open and edit it in Excel online.
 6. When your data set is ready, select View data set to open the data set in the report editor.

7. While in Edit view, you can create and modify your report because you are the owner of the report; You are a creator. When you share
your report with colleagues, they will only be able to interact with the report in Reading view.

Now that you are connected to the data, start exploring. Once you've found something interesting, you can create a dashboard to track it and
see how it changes over time. Let's see how it works.
1. In the report editor, we will use the Field pane on the right of the page to create an image. Select the checkbox next to (Gross Sales)
and (Date).
2. Power BI analyzes data and creates an image. If you selected First date, you will see a table. If you have selected Gross revenue in
advance, you will see a chart. Switch to another way to display your data. Look at this data as a line chart. Select the line chart icon
(also called the template) from the Visualization pane.
3. This may seem interesting, so please pin it to a control panel. Hover over the image and select the Pin icon (Pin). When you pin this
image, it is stored on your dashboard and updated so that you can track the latest value at a glance.

4. Since this is a new report, you will be prompted to save the report before you can pin the image to the dashboard. Name your report
(eg Sales over time) and select Save (Save) and Continue.
5. Pin the line chart to the new dashboard and name it "Financial model for instructions".

6. Select Pin. The success message (near the top right corner) lets you know the visualization has been added, as a tile, to your
dashboard.
 7. Select Go to dashboard to see pinned, charted line charts, to your completely new dashboard. Make your dashboard better by adding
other image tiles and renaming, resizing, linking and repositioning adjacent tiles.

Select a new box on your dashboard to return to the report at any time. Power BI returns you to the report editor in Reading view. To switch
back to the Edit view, select Edit report from the top menu bar. When in Edit view, continue exploring and pinning the cells.
So what can BI do to help my business?

• Put information of an entire business on a dashboard:

With Power BI, all important data from the business will be tracked through applications that allow display as a dashboard or general
reports, charts over time.
• Create highly interactive reports
Power BI gives you the tools to convert, analyze and display data. Share reports in seconds.
• Stability analysis
With Power BI, you are easy to create reuseable data models to ensure consistency between reports, make predictions, make future
trends based on Current and past data.
• Embed reports into your applications
Integrating your application with Power BI, interactive reports and real-time charts will easily be shared with other users or your
customers.
D1 Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using application software as a mechanism for business
processing.

When ERP systems or ERP software systems are applied to management operations, it not only helps businesses easier to manage
operations but also helps improve efficiency in meeting customers' needs and increase the competitiveness of that business. Today,
ERP systems are important to manage thousands of businesses of all sizes and in all industries.

So what is ERP?

So what exactly is ERP? ERP, abbreviated by Enterprise Resource Planning - is understood as the Enterprise Resource Planning
System. Simply understanding, ERP is the system used to plan resources in an enterprise or organization. This system helps integrate
the common functions of the organization or business into the same system instead of having to use single software. For example,
instead of using individual software such as financial software - accounting, HR management software, production management
software, salary management, CRM software ... and data not available cohesion and inheritance, the ERP system will integrate all on
a single software and the data will be inherited, linked together.
 Figure 14:Enterprise Resource Planning

ERP characteristics:

ERP systems are database-based on the same system. Instead of a number of independent databases with endless data warehouses

that are not connected to ERP systems that connect data. With a secure and centralized data store, everyone in the organization can

be confident that the data is accurate, up-to-date and complete. Data integrity is ensured for all tasks performed throughout the

organization, from quarterly financial statements to single outstanding receivables reports.

The benefits that ERP brings to businesses:

 Information is shared, focused, reliable and instant

 ERP system: is a model with a hierarchical data structure, including subsystems and modules. These components

are closely linked to each other. And so the information is inherited from each other. It not only collects and

processes large volumes of daily transactions, but also quickly builds complex analyzes and diverse reports.

 All information of the organization is declared and censored through many departments, departments and many

people. Like an internal control system on the same ERP application. Help managers get fast, timely and reliable

management information. Since then make timely decisions.

 Financial accounting module group of ERP system. Help limit errors that employees often make in manual

accounting.

 Real-time information, increase production efficiency

 ERP application helps HR to streamline HR management and payroll processes, reduce management costs as well as

limit errors and frauds in the payroll system.

 ERP systems often require companies to define clear processes to help decentralize and assign tasks clearly. Limit

duplication of work.

 Quality inspection, project management.

  Effective personnel management, clear process, eliminating duplication of work.

Disadvantages of software ERP.

 Large investment costs.

 Currently the majority of foreign ERP software is implemented by Vietnamese companies. And it costs about several

million USD for about 50 users (users). Software written by Vietnamese companies ranges from several hundred

million to several billion VND. The price depends on the number of users and the agreements that come with it.

 During the ERP application process, there are additional costs incurred. For example, software is upgraded to newer

technology. Enterprises must upgrade hardware, operating and other related software for compatibility ...

 Extended deployment time.

 Going through many stages and usually lasts from 1 to 3 years. Large corporations deploy subsidiaries that last up to 5

years or more.

 The level of ERP application in practice is also at a relative level due to the barrier of "culture" in each business. Some

organizations have to use multiple ERP software in parallel to get the right choice.

 It takes time to benefit from ERP.

References

https://www.roedl.com/services/interdisciplinary-services/customs-consulting/process-design/supporting-processes

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5825407/.

https://paginas.fe.up.pt/~acbrito/laudon/ch13/chpt13-1bullettext.htm

https://www.guru99.com/mis-types-information-system.html

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-structured-semi-structured-and-unstructured-data/

https://selecthub.com/business-intelligence/critical-business-intelligence-features/

https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis

https://www.office365vietnam.info/2018/10/09/huong-dan-su-dung-microsoft-power-bi/