VIRTUAL REALITY

A Technical Seminar Report submitted to

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Engineering
by
M.DURGA GANESH
(20X35A0510)

Under the Guidance of

Mrs.B.S.SWAPNASHANTHI
Assistant professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SRI INDU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Sheriguda (V), Ibrahimpatnam (M), R.R.Dist., Telangana- 501510.
2019-2020
 SRI INDU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC A+ Grade
Recognized under 2(f) of UGC Act 1956.
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad )
Khalsa Ibrahimpatnam, Sheriguda(V), Ibrahimpatnam(M), Ranga Reddy Dist.,
Telangana-501510 httpss://siiet.ac.in/

CERTIFICATE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the report entitled “VIRTUAL REALITY”, being submitted by

M.DURGA GANESH bearing Roll no:20X35A0510 to Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science& Engineering, is

a record of bonafide work carried out by him. The results of investigations enclosed in

this report have been verified and found satisfactory. The results embodied in this report

have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any other

degree.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

PRINCIPAL
 SRI INDU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC A+ Grade
Recognized under 2(f) of UGC Act 1956.
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad )
Khalsa Ibrahimpatnam, Sheriguda(V), Ibrahimpatnam(M), Ranga Reddy Dist.,
Telangana-501510 httpss://siiet.ac.in/

DECLARATION

I, M.DURGA GANESH bearing Roll No 20X35A0510 hereby certify that the

dissertation entitled “VIRTUAL REALITY”, carried out under the guidance of
Mrs.B.S.SWAPNASHANTHI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR is submitted to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science
& Engineering. This is a record of bonafide work carried out by me and the results
embodied in this dissertation have not been reproduced or copied from any source. The
results embodied in this dissertation have not been submitted to any other University or
Institute for the award of any other degree

Date: M.DURGA GANESH (20X35A0510)

Department of CSE, SIIET.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With great pleasure I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the
persons who helped me in making this project work a success.

First of all I am highly indebted to Principal, Dr. I. SATYANARAYANA for giving me

the permission to carry out this project.

I would like to thank Dr. B. RATNAKANTH Professor & Head of the Department (CSE),
for giving support through out the period of my study in SIIET. I am grateful for his
valuable suggestions and guidance during the execution of this project work.

My sincere thanks to project guide Mrs.B.S.SWAPNASHANTHI for potentially

explaining the entire system and clarifying the queries at every stage of the project.

My whole hearted thanks to the staff of SIIET who co-operated us for the completion of
the project in time.

Last but not the least, I express my sincere thanks to Mr. R.VENKAT RAO, Secretary,
Sri Indu Group of Institutions, for his continuous encouragement.

I also thank my parents and friends who aided me in completion of the project.

M.DURGA GANESH

(20X35A0510)

i
 ABSTRACT

Virtual reality is the term that applies to computer simulated environment that can stimulate
the physical presence in place of real world or imaginary world. All components of VR
application and interrelations between them are thoroughly examined input devices, output
devices and software. This Paper will show how to use Virtual Reality to increase the
business productivity, application in health sector, entertainment industry, military sector
and other sectors. The paper explain different types of virtual reality, architecture of the
haptic devices methodologies of the devices, algorithm and conclusion of the research.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S NO. TITLE PAGE.NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

1
1. INTRODUCTION

TECHNIQUE

2. PHASES IN VIRTUAL REALITY 3

3. APPLICATIONS 5

4. CASE STUDIES 8

5. COMPARISION WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 10

6. ADVANTAGES 12

7. DISADVANTAGES 13

8. CONCLUSION 14

9. REFERENCES 15

iii
 1.INTRODUCTION

Virtual reality is a simulated experience to feel as if they're looking at a giant

that employs pose tracking and 3D near- screen, close-up. The makes for a very
eye displays to give the user an immersive view that is coupled with
immersive feel of a virtual motion sensors so when you move your
world. Applications of virtual head the view changes, just as in the
reality include entertainment physical world.
(particularly video games), education
While virtual reality has been used
(such as medical or military training) and
widely for gaming it's also now being
business (such as virtual meetings). Other
used in work-based training and, more
distinct types of VR-style technology
recently, in education. One of the big
include augmented reality and mixed
factors in this relatively recent uptake
reality, sometimes referred to as extended
was Google Cardboard, which used a
reality or XR, although definitions are
super affordable cardboard phone holder
currently changing due to the nascence of
with lenses built in to create virtual
the industry.
worlds. This works with smartphones,
What is virtual reality? allowing students and teachers to easily
and affordably experience VR.
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-based

system that uses software, screens on TECHNIQUE

each eye, and interactive controls to allow
a person to enter a virtual, digital world.
It can also be achieved using tablets and
smartphones with the screen as the virtual
world, but this is a less immersive way
and often applies to augmented rather
than virtual reality.
By placing the displays close to the eyes,
usually in a headset, it allows the person
When people mentioned about virtual
reality or VR, does the image of people
wearing a helmet covering their eyes
comes into your mind? I think most of us
do. Is that enough to explain what is VR
is all about? Well, the definition and
meaning of “Virtual Reality” or also
known as VR is the method or technique

1
to simulate the feeling or experience of
environment which are usually generated
by computer or machine. Other popular
names associated with VR are artificial
reality, virtual environment, telepresence
or can also be cyberspace.
3D effect, usually users are required to
wear a special head-mounted
display (HMD) that will display the 3D
images on the lenses.

To experience VR, we need to

use immersive multimedia
technology since it can recreate the
sensory experience such as sight, sound,
smell, touch and perhaps taste. Once user
is “teleported” inside the virtual
environment (VE), user can have the
capability to explore the world by moving
around it. The user might be able to
manipulate the virtual objects or performs
some actions in the virtual environment
by using a special gloves that sometimes
called as data gloves. The touch
interaction or force feedback mechanism
is usually called with the names haptics
systems.
But most of the time, the VR focus is
more on the sense of sight or real-life
viewing capability. Hence, to achieve
this, most virtual reality system will
produce the 3D images that emphasized
on depth where each left and right eye
will see the specially produced images for
each eye respectively. To experience this

2
 2.PHASES OF INTERACTION IN VIRTUAL REALITY

There are different phases of Interaction

for different virtual elements. These or Discover it’s location in the 360

phases when thought out well for each environment.Unlike traditional flat

element that’s supposed to be interactive screen interface the UI element can be

will enhance an overall experience. present anywhere in the 360 space.

Charting details of these phases will also

help designers think through the Reach

execution giving clarity much before With the UI elements placed in 3d space
going to software. the ergonomics of reaching out to them to

use is important. Since in virtual reality

1. Discover/Search
the interaction with the UI element is

2. Reach made more natural by moving the

body/head towards it and then extending

3. Take action — Interaction
the arm to reach out to it.

4. Interaction wait
Take action — Interact
5. Exit and Response
One the UI element is reached out at the
Each of the phases are unique in a way
next obvious step is to take the action. E.g.
that they are influenced by the
environment, context and user. pulling the trigger, swaying the sword,

button push, rolling the dice etc. At this

point the different gestures that user will

Discovery
perform are very critical for registering
The initial phase of interacting with any the event.
element in the UI will be to either Search

3
Interaction wait

AR and VR are highly natural user

interaction medium. Hence depending on
the advancement of hardware it may take
a little while to register and respond to the
user action. As a designer think of how
will you communicate this wait period to
the user.

Exit and Response

And finally after the wait, the system

responds to the user action. The response

can be in audio, visual or haptic format.

Going by latest advancement there is

smell emitter accessory available in

market that can be attached to VR device.

4
 3.APPLICATIONS

VR is used to help learners develop skills surgeries. Through the revolution of

without the real-world consequences of computational analysis abilities, fully
failing, especially useful in realms with immersive VR models are currently
life-or-death implications. The specific available in neurosurgery training.
device used to provide the VR Ventriculostomy catheters
experience, whether it be through a insertion, endoscopic and endovascular
mobile phone or desktop computer, does simulations are used in neurosurgical
not appear to impact on any educational residency training centers across the
benefit. world. Experts see VR training as an

Medicine essential part of the curriculum of future

training of neurosurgeons.
VR technology has many useful
Military
applications in the medical
field. Through VR, novice surgeons have In 1982 Thomas A. Furness III presented
the ability to practice complex surgeries the United States Air Force with a
without stepping into the operating room. working model of his virtual flight
Physicians who experience VR simulator, the Visually Coupled Airborne
simulations improved their dexterity and Systems Simulator (VCASS). The
performance in the operating room second phase of his project, which he
significantly more than control called the "Super Cockpit", added high-
groups. VR can produce a three- resolution (for the time) graphics and a
dimensional representation of a particular responsive display. The United Kingdom
patient's anatomy that allows surgeons to has been using VR in military training
map out the surgery ahead of time. since the 1980s. The United States
Trainees may use real instruments and military announced the Dismounted
video equipment to practice in simulated Soldier Training System in 2012. It was
cited as the first fully immersive military
VR training system.

5
Virtual training environments have been specific curriculum outcomes and subject
claimed to increase realism while matter. Through virtual reality mediums
minimizing cost, e.g., by saving such as Google Cardboard, foreign
ammunition. In 2016, researchers at languages have also been taught in the
the U.S. Army Research classroom by teachers. These few
Laboratory reported that instructor examples, showcase some of the
feedback is necessary for virtual training. applications of virtual reality and
Virtual training has been used for immersive virtual reality in the secondary
combined arms training and instructing classroom. Virtual reality is also being
soldiers to learn when to shoot. applied at the collegiate level to help
enhance student education in core
Space
subjects such as science, geography, and
NASA has used VR technology for
history.
decades. Most notable is their use of
Engineering and Robotics
immersive VR to train astronauts before
flights. VR simulations include exposure In the mid-to-late 1990s 3D computer-
to zero-gravity work environments, aided design (CAD) data took over when
training on how to spacewalk and tool video projectors, 3D tracking and
usage using low-cost tool mock-ups. computer technology enabled its use in
virtual reality environments. Active
High School and College Education
shutter glasses and multi-surface
Immersive virtual reality is used in the
projection units appeared. Virtual reality
High school classroom as a tool to help
has been used in automotive, aerospace,
students learn and be immersed in their
and ground transportation original
subject matter. Immersive virtual reality
equipment manufacturers. Virtual reality
has been used to teach students
aids prototyping, assembly, service and
interactive history
performance use-cases. This enables
lessons and STEM subjects such
engineers from different disciplines to
as physics. In some cases, virtual reality
experience their design. Engineers can
laboratories have been set in up in schools
view the bridge, building or other
to provide students with immersive
structure from any angle. Simulations
virtual reality experiences focused on
allow engineers to test their structure's
6
resistance to winds, weight, and other can be used for other forms of music, such

elements. as videos and music visualization or visual

music applications.
Video games

A man plays a virtual reality video game

at Tokyo Game Show 2018ly
commercial virtual reality headsets were
released for gaming during the early-mid
1990s. These included the Virtual Boy,
iGlasses, Cybermaxx and VFX1
Headgear. Since 2010, commercial
headsets for VR gaming include
the Oculus Rift, HTC
Vive and PlayStation VR. The Samsung
Gear VR is an example of a phone-based
device.

Other modern examples of VR for

gaming include the Wii Remote,
the Kinect, and the PlayStation
Move/PlayStation Eye, all of which track
and send player motions to the game.
Many devices complement VR with
controllers or haptic feedback. VR-
specific and VR versions of popular
video games have been released.

Media and Entertainment

VR can allow individuals to virtually

attend concerts. VR concerts can be
enhanced using feedback from the user's
heartbeat and brainwaves. Virtual reality

7
 4.CASE STUDIES

According to Dr. Augustus Mazzocca, training in orthopaedics. Founded by Dr.

who helps train residents in orthopaedic Danny Goel, an orthopaedic surgeon and
surgery as the Director of the educator, and Rob Oliveira and Colin
Musculoskeletal Institute at UConn O’Connor, two veteran game developers,
Health, not every surgeon is a natural. PrecisionOS offers medical-grade VR
“As in any profession, some people are training and educational modules that
not as naturally gifted, so we make up for enable surgeons to practice orthopaedic
that by doing volume,” he says. “If a procedures in a safe environment and at a
resident is struggling, we have them do as relatively low cost using Oculus Quest
many cases with variability and obtain as headsets.
many repetitions in the area that they are
weak until they eventually obtain the
skill.”
Multiple factors have led to the
development of creative methods to
surgically train orthopaedic residents
outside the actual operating room. At
UConn Health, residents practice their
Dr. Goel says his team wants to make
skills on cadavers in the Bioskills
teaching and learning with VR as
Laboratory. But practice procedures are
valuable and real-world as possible in a
expensive and time-consuming, and
safe, low-risk environment. “We’re
residents can only complete certain
pushing the boundaries of simulation
procedures on cadavers once.
during the operative experience in virtual
Using virtual reality to enable
reality,” he says. “The Oculus Quest
purposeful practice.
headset was a game-changer for us. It’s
In 2019, the UConn Orthopaedic
mobile and offers high-quality haptics,
Department discovered PrecisionOS, a
six degrees of freedom, and high-fidelity
medical software company that offers
interactive VR experiences for surgical
8
visuals. This allows doctors to get in and
get started fast.”
Dr. Mazzocca was skeptical of VR until
the moment he put on an Oculus Quest
headset. “It’s insane how quickly your
body adjusts — I couldn’t believe it,” he
says. “Easily within a minute, you
become part of that environment. And the
quality of work in the PrecisionOS
system is incredibly similar to the real
world.”

“The magic part for us is that we can go

over an entire case multiple times,”
Mazzocca says. “I can connect via
computer and see what the residents are
seeing — I become their eyes. I can see
how quickly they’re looking at things,
what they’re looking at, and how they’re
reacting to various situations.”

9
 5.COMPARISION WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
The border between the virtual and real
world continues to break down, providing
breathtaking experiences that, a short
time ago, could only be found in the
imagination of sci-fi writers.
Virtual Reality (VR) has been the “next
big thing” for several years, but its time
has finally come as a way to generate
realistic images, sounds, and other
sensations that put you smack in the
middle of a spectacular imaginary world.
Augmented Reality (AR), which adds
virtual stuff to your real world
environment, is contributing to the buzz,
and both technologies should become a
big part of our future. With Mixed Reality
(MR), you can play a virtual video game,
grab your real world water bottle, and
smack an imaginary character from the
game with the bottle. Imagination and
reality have never been so intermingled.
So much is happening so fast that the
differences between VR, AR, and MR
can seem a little puzzling at first. Each of
these spellbinding technologies are
accessible to almost everyone, but before
you throw down your hard-earned money
10
for the latest head-mounted display, let’s
take a closer look at what you’ll need for
an amazing VR, AR, or MR experience.
AR and VR differ from each other in key
aspects. However, this stark difference
does not mean that one of the two
technologies is better than the other.
Instead, both technologies stand out in
different application spheres:
• VR creates an immersive virtual
environment, while AR augments
a real-world scene.
• VR is 75 percent virtual,
while AR is only 25 percent
virtual.
• VR requires a headset device,
while AR does not.
• VR users move in a completely
fictional world, while AR users
are in contact with the real world.
• AR requires higher bandwidth
than VR.
• AR is intended to enhance the
virtual world and the real world.
VR replaces the real world with a
 • fictional reality, which is
primarily intended to enhance
games.

Accuracy of VR in musculoskeletal
system :

Assessment of the musculoskeletal

system requires consideration of its
integrated function with the nervous
system. This may be assisted by using
valid and reliable methods that simulate
real-life situations. Interactive virtual
reality (VR) technology may introduce
various auditory and visual inputs that
mimic real-life scenarios. However,
evidence supporting the quality and
strength of evidence regarding the
adequacy of its psychometric properties
in assessing the musculoskeletal function
has not been evaluated yet. Therefore,
this study reviewed the validity and
reliability of VR games and real-time
feedback in assessing the
musculoskeletal system.

11
 6.ADVANTAGES

1) Helps with Impressive Visualization VR helps to those who cannot get out of

You can be sure about the greatness of the house experience fulfilled life by

virtual reality. It helps in exploring creating virtual world.Also there is no

various facts and can even alternate the lose of life during wars and surgies

level of experience. If you wear a VR

4) Improves Educational Value
headset, you can experience the best
The doctors take advantage of the VR
quality visualizations.Allows Students to
technology to know about the new traits
Get Engaged – These days it has become
of medicine. VR technology also works
difficult for the teachers to conduct
best in fields of editing and content
classroom interaction sessions. With the
writing.It helps in locating mistakes in
introduction of the Virtual Reality
contents. There are preferred software
technicality, interaction with the student
arrangements to make fault detections.
has become so easy. The students take
VR technology also helps with perfect
help of virtual reality to speak about their
editing options.
personal experiences.

5) Helps to Overcome Language

2) Creating Interest
Barriers
Virtual Reality has made watching more
Language barrier is a significant problem
enjoyable than reading. VR technicality
in the field of education. In case, if you
is extremely interesting and engaging.
are not studying in your hometown you
VR technology creates enjoyable
need to adopt the dialect of the place
experiences. This technology motivates
where you are considering.With the
the students to learn and know better in
implementation of Virtual Reality the
life.
possible language can be aptly
3)Helpful to physically challenged implemented by making use of the
persons suitable software.

12
 7.DISADVANTAGES
1) Lacks Flexibility
In the classroom you can act with
flexibility. You are open to give
suggestions and ask questions. This is not
possible with virtual reality.With the
virtual reality headset, you can make use
of the same program in all the sessions.
There is no scope for positive interaction.
2) Ineffective Human Connections
Virtual Reality comes with the set of
disadvantages. The conventional
education system is mainly based on
interpersonal connections and the level of
individual human communication.The
concept of Virtual Reality is different. It
is only about you and the software.
3) Getting Addicted
Addiction to Virtual Reality is extremely
common. The students can get addicted to
the virtual world. The section of the
population is getting addicted to video
games and the rest.In the world of Virtual
Reality, one can even get addicted to
harmful drugs.
13
4)Costly
The total cost of machinery to create a
VR system is too high
5)Negative Effects of Isolation and
Dependence on VR
VR can be a solitary experience,
especially when you, as a user, are
isolating yourself from the physical world
while using the equipment.
6)Compatibility Issues with Advancing
Technology
VR equipment may not work with all
devices and operating systems, which
limits who can access VR experiences.
Also, VR equipment needs a high-
performance computer
7)Limited Content Availability
The availability of VR content may be
limited, as creating VR experiences
requires specialized skills and resources.
It can make it difficult for users to find a
wide variety of VR experiences to
engage with, which is a disadvantage of
Virtual Reality
 8.CONCLUSION

Virtual Reality has the potential to be one Then of course, entertainment won’t be
of the biggest technological innovations hard to come by with the opportunity to
of our time. VR will connect the world in virtually travel anywhere in the world and
a way like never before through things beyond. Live events will be enjoyed from
like VRchat and online VR games. More your couch without missing out one the
and more people will be working from live experience. VR will disrupt a number
home using VR technology. Immersive of industries, however, it will ultimately
virtual workplaces will change the way make life more enjoyable.
teams operate in a professional
environment. VR technology will be a
vital teaching tool in classrooms and will
completely change the way that we
educate not only our youth, but anyone
with access to a headset.

14
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