 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND

Predominantly, the land in Calumpit is used for agricultural purpose.

The land area for:
Agricultural - 66.8%;
Residential - 10.4%;
Industrial - 2.5%;
Commercial - 0.9%;
of the total area of Calumpit. The remaining lands are designated for other purposes.
The industrial zones in Calumpit are utilized by the Teh Hsin Enterprise Phils. Corporation for its
Concrete Product Manufacturing Plant including the United Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. for its Paper
Manufacturing Plant. Notable institutional structures situated in the immediate vicinity are the
Colegio de Calumpit, Inc., Calumpit National High School, and Calumpang Elementary School.
Calumpit is mostly flat land, with elevations increasing only at the boundary with Plaridel and
Pulilan. Most of the areas within Iba Este are between 1-3 meters above sea level and slopes are
between 0- 3% only.
Alluvium (R) which consists of unconsolidated clay, sand gravel is widely distributed in the
Central Luzon Plain, including that of Calumpit and the area of UPPC, with a thickness of about
199m on the basis of existing drilling. It is considered as a good aquifer. Especially, sand and
gravel layers ensure good aquifer, which can be widely utilized for domestic water and others.
Calumpit, officially the Municipality of Calumpit, (Tagalog: Bayan ng Calumpit), is a 1st class
municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a
population of 108,757 people. The name "Calumpit" comes from the tree "Kalumpít", an
indigenous hardwood species similar to apalit and narra, which grows abundantly. They are
found in front of the St. John the Baptist Parish Church in the Población-Sucol area.

 DESIGN CONCEPT
“REINTEGRATION”

These better align the physical plant of correctional facilities with the concept of humane
treatment and contemporary priorities of inmate rehabilitation and successful reintegration.

By ensuring that appropriate infrastructure is in place to facilitate rehabilitative programmes,

designers and development teams can enable prison management and their staff to deliver
purposeful regimes that improve the prisoners’ quality of life.

 DESIGN FORM

 PLAN LAYOUT CONCEPT

 Campus System – facilities are split between separate buildings with a surrounding perimeter
wall. And unlike any other layouts which have that look out onto the prison itself, campus design
gives inmates a rich view of their surrounding environment. this access to nature also helps
inmates track the passage of time. Inmates are never made to feel intimidate by the
architecture itself. A study of architecture in Dutch correctional facilities found that campus
design ranked highest in inmate-staff relationships. And US prisons studies from the late 90’s
found that this style of direct contact resulted in fewer violent or security-related incidents.

Prisoners in panopticon layouts were least positive about their relationships with officers.
Prisoners in radial, courtyard, rectangular, and high-rise layouts had an increasingly positive
judgment about officer-prisoner relationships. When compared with prisoners in panopticon
layouts, prisoners in campus layouts were most positive about these relationships.

 DESIGN THEORY
Organic/Healing/Therapeutic – “Connection with nature for psychological well-being.”

Minimum security prisons are usually reserved for white collar criminals who have committed
acts such as embezzlement or fraud. Although these are serious crimes, they are non-violent in
nature and therefore the perpetrators are not considered to be a risk for violence. These
perpetrators are sent to facilities that offer a dormitory-type living environment, fewer guards,
and more personal freedoms.

Healing architecture starts with a focus on improving the inmates and staff experience and
outcome. The goal of all healing environments is to engage inmates in the process of self-
healing and recovery of their character.

Research has shown that gardens and natural settings can be physically and psychologically
beneficial for inmates and prison staff in terms of reducing stress and alleviating mental fatigue.

From a psychological perspective, the therapeutic qualities found in the gardens may help
inmates manage behavioral symptoms exacerbated by the sterility, tension, and alienation of
the prison environment. For staff, gardens can provide a moment of relief from the harsh social
environment of their work place and provide healthful benefits in terms of stress reduction.

87-97-Lindemuth.pdf (jmecology.com)

 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Safety and Security - Static security includes hard infrastructure that may include locks, gates,
doors, walls, fences, prisoner-free areas, watch towers, control/access points, search
equipment, CCTV, etc. Static security consists of passive measures built into the physical
infrastructure of a prison. The design of prison infrastructure can help facilitate effective
interactions between prisoners and staff. Ensuring that prison staff has clear lines of sight over
communal and open spaces will help staff to maintain safety and security, and to respond to
potential issues in a timely and effective manner.
Respect Human Dignity – An established body of international and regional laws and standards
recognizes the inherent dignity of the human person and binds states and their agents to treat
individuals with humanity and respect for their physical and moral integrity.
The deprivation of liberty constitutes the prisoner’s punishment, not the circumstances of his or
her confinement.
Also, no facility should be designed, constructed or rehabilitated that contains tools or
equipment designed to inflict torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment,
including dark isolation rooms.
It is also important to acknowledge to create prison designs that facilitate the safe and humane
treatment of prisoners. By designing prison spaces for an efficient separation of categories, for
example, development that can allow prisoners to exercise in the open air, with access to
natural light and ventilation.
Well-designed prisons can allow offenders a greater amount of physical integrity, freedom and
dignity.
Sense of Community - Proposes that a sense of community is a feeling that members have of
belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith
that members' needs will be met through commitment to be together.
Rehabilitation and Reintegration - The prison is also a place where prisoners should be
provided with opportunities that will enable them to address their offending behaviour so that,
upon release, they can reintegrate into society and live useful, law-abiding and purposeful lives.
Infrastructure may include: offices to locate staff involved in rehabilitation work (i.e.
psychologists or counsellors); education facilities and workshops for prisoners to learn new
skills; counselling rooms for one-on-one sessions and group work; a multi-faith room; a farming
area and facilities; a gym; and even a radio station.
At the end of a prisoner’s sentence, infrastructure support may also include offices for prison
probation and/or prerelease staff, and low security accommodation that is separate from the
main prison for offenders and intended to allow an outgoing prisoner to work in the community
and learn work skills in preparation for his release.
Ease of Supervision - At the housing unit level, security through proper supervision is
accomplished by organizing the spaces for “direct supervision”, with the officer’s open desk
strategically located inside the living area with clear, direct line of sight into the bedrooms
(rather than “cells”). Allowing adequate floor space is essential to improve visual openness and
make it easier for the officer to see, hear, and supervise inmates. Direct supervision not only
aids informal surveillance but also promotes constant, direct interaction and normalized
communication between staff and inmates, proactively identifying and addressing potential
problems before they escalate.
Accessibility - Creating a space that’s accessible in all aspects is imperative for safe and
sustainable living. From the arrangement of rooms to the allocation of space and selection of
suitable colors, a variety of factors need attention while designing a detailed and accessible
structure. It meets the requirements of every individual, be it the old and young or abled and
disabled, so that everyone can roam around freely and perform basic tasks without any
assistance. Among architectural designers especially, it is common to visualize accessibility as
adding ramps, wide corridors, and elevators. However, disability can take many different forms,
some less visible than others; accordingly, accessibility in architecture means much more than
 accommodating just wheelchair users. For the visually impaired, incorporating specific tactile
elements in architecture and urban design can vastly improve the navigability of a foreign space.
In this article, we talk about tactile paving specifically, including its different forms, its history,
and its means of implementation.

It is necessary to the community inside the facility to have a human behavior towards the people so they
are not so angry, but give a human dignity.

The look and feel of a prison shouldn’t be a punishment. It might feel counterintuitive to create
pleasant, well-designed spaces for this like of people who committed crimes. But under a design
philosophy like this, being imprisoned is the punishment but the architecture doesn’t have to be.

The facility should give them dignity and in turn to make them better people. This architecture could
play a major role in correcting people. And to correct their mind and behavior, it must start with a good
living environment. Prison should be a place where we rehabilitate people so they do not come back
again. As the “Correctional facilities” might be known as a place to detain people, but the idea here is to
make correctional facilities to be part of the healing and correcting process as they will sooner or later
return to society.

The medical model held that offenders were not necessarily responsible for their actions; instead,
society had to diagnose and cure the offender’s illness, which could be caused by issues that were
psychological (mental illness), sociological (family environment), economic (unemployed) or
physiological (improper diet). Prisons became responsible for rehabilitating offenders and successfully
returning them to society.

https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/UPPC-EPRMP_Section-0.0-executive-summary-1.pdf

https://psmag.com/news/jail-prison-architecture-inmates-crime-design-82968

https://www.lexipol.com/resources/blog/the-evolution-of-prison-design-and-the-rise-of-the-direct-
supervision-model/

https://content.unops.org/publications/Technical-guidance-Prison-Planning-2016_EN.pdf?
mtime=20171215190045

https://www.sageglass.com/en/article/healing-architecture-hospital-design-and-patient-outcomes

http://www.jmecology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/87-97-Lindemuth.pdf

https://www.penalreform.org/blog/build-success-prison-design-infrastructure-tool-rehabilitation/
SUMMARY
 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND (CALUMPIT, BULACAN)
Calumpit, officially the Municipality of Calumpit is a 1st class municipality in the province of
Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 108,757 people. The
name "Calumpit" comes from the tree "Kalumpít", an indigenous hardwood species similar to
apalit and narra, which grows abundantly which are found in front of the St. John the Baptist
Parish Church in the Población-Sucol area.
Predominantly, the land in Calumpit is used for agricultural purpose.
The land area for:
Agricultural - 66.8%;
Residential - 10.4%;
Industrial - 2.5%;
Commercial - 0.9%;
of the total area of Calumpit. The remaining lands are designated for other purposes.
Calumpit is mostly flat land, with elevations increasing only at the boundary with Plaridel and
Pulilan. Most of the areas within Iba Este are between 1-3 meters above sea level and slopes are
between 0- 3% only.

 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND (CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN)

CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN (CIW)
On February 14, 1931, the women prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid Prison to the
building especially constructed for them.  Its old name, “Women’s Prison” was changed to
“Correctional Institution for Women.” This was in keeping with emerging trends in penology,
which emphasized correction rather than punishment. Convicts were brought back into the
social mainstream adjusted and rehabilitated with a better outlook in life.

The original structure was a one-story building which housed the office, the brigades, mess hall,
kitchen, chapel, infirmary, bathrooms and employees’ restrooms.  The building has a central
courtyard with trees and flowering plants. Living quarters for the institution’s employees were
later constructed in the compound.

In 2000, a new four-story building was constructed that eased the growing congestion in the
facility.  The CIW, with a capacity for only 200 inmates, had to accommodate 1,000 inmates.

 DESIGN OBJECTIVES
o To facilitate a human rights-based approach in the development of the facilities
infrastructure.
o To provide safe and secure conditions for inmates and staff, and a decent quality of life.
o The facility should give them dignity and in turn to make them better that could play a
major role in correcting people.
o To provide a safe and decent regime to help rehabilitate offenders so that they can lead
useful and purposeful lives while in prison and upon release.

 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
 “DESIGNING FOR A BETTER SOCIETY”
“THE HEALING IMPACT OF NATURE THROUGH ARCHITECTURE”
“BEING IMPRISONED IS A PUNISHMENT BUT ARCHITECTURE DOESN’T HAVE TO BE”

 DESIGN CONCEPT
“REINTEGRATION”
Reintegration is the action or process of integrating someone back into society.
By ensuring that appropriate infrastructure is in place to facilitate rehabilitative programmes,
designers can enable prison management and their staff to deliver purposeful regimes that
improve the prisoners’ quality of life. These better align the physical plant of correctional
facilities with the concept of humane treatment and contemporary priorities of inmate
rehabilitation and successful reintegration.

 DESIGN CONCEPT FORM

 PLAN LAYOUT
“Campus System”
facilities are split between separate buildings with a surrounding perimeter wall. And unlike any
other layouts which have that look out onto the prison itself, campus design gives inmates a rich
view of their surrounding environment. This campus design gives inmate-staff relationships and
this style of direct contact resulted in fewer violent or security-related incidents.

 DESIGN THEORY
“ECO-THERAPEUTIC”
“Connection with nature for psychological well-being.”
Therapeutic environments can refer to physical, social, and psychological safe spaces that are
specifically designed to be healing. But most often, the term therapeutic environment refers to a
physical space that is set up to allow individuals to work through and overcome medical issues.

This architecture starts with a focus on improving the inmates and staff experience and
outcome. The goal of all healing environments is to engage inmates in the process of self-
healing and recovery of their character.

Research has shown that gardens and natural settings can be physically and psychologically
beneficial for inmates and prison staff in terms of reducing stress and alleviating mental fatigue.

 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Safety and Security
The design of prison infrastructure can help facilitate effective interactions between prisoners
and staff, ensuring that prison staff has clear lines of sight over communal and open spaces will
help staff to maintain safety and security, and to respond to potential issues in a timely and
effective manner.
Respect Human Dignity
 It is important to acknowledge to create prison designs that facilitate the safe and humane
treatment of prisoners. Well-designed facilities can allow offenders a greater amount of physical
integrity, freedom and dignity.
Sense of Community - Proposes that members have of belonging, a feeling that members
matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members' needs will be met
through commitment to be together.
Rehabilitation and Reintegration
The facilities should provide opportunities that will enable inmates to address their offending
behavior so that, upon release, they can reintegrate into society and live useful, law-abiding and
purposeful lives. Infrastructure may include: education facilities and workshops for prisoners to
learn new skills; counselling and multi-faith room; farming area and facilities; and gym.
Ease of Supervision
Allowing adequate floor space is essential to improve visual openness and make it easier for the
officer to see, hear, and supervise inmates. Direct supervision aids informal surveillance and
direct interaction between staff and inmates, proactively identifying and addressing potential
problems before they escalate.
Accessibility
Creating a space that’s accessible in all aspects is imperative for safe and sustainable living. From
the arrangement of rooms to the allocation of space and selection of suitable colors, a variety of
factors need attention while designing a detailed and accessible structure.

10.1.1.26.4693.pdf

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Plans and Illustrations of Prisons and Reformatories, by Hastings H.
Hart, LL.D..

https://content.unops.org/publications/Technical-guidance-Prison-Planning-2016_EN.pdf?
mtime=20171215190045

87-97-Lindemuth.pdf (jmecology.com)

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/143564NCJRS.pdf

https://info.nicic.gov/nicrp/system/files/024806.pdf

How to build for success: prison design and infrastructure as a tool for rehabilitation - Penal Reform
International

Jail%20Design%20Guide%20Nationa.PDF (correction.org)

http://www.parkin.ca/blog/correctional-facilities-designed-as-healing-environments/

http://www.jmecology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/87-97-Lindemuth.pdf

https://www.penalreform.org/blog/build-success-prison-design-infrastructure-tool-rehabilitation/