Writing A

Systematic
Literature Review
Hotimah Masdan Salim, MD.,Ph.D

Lab.Riset Terpadu
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL ULAMA
SURABAYA
2020
 OUTLINE
Pengantar Systematic Literature Review
1 • Definisi dan Metode Literature Review

2
Tahapan Systematic Literature Review
• Tahapan Planning, Conducting dan Reporting

3 Systematic Literature Review

Preparing Manuscripts
4 Preparing SLR paper based on the standart template
 A review of a clearly for, formulated
question that uses Systematic and
explicit methods to:
What is a systematic
review?

1. identify, select and critically appraise

relevant research
2. collect and analyse data from the
studies that are included in the review

(Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 4.1.5)

 Meta-Analysis
The use of statistical techniques in a systematic review
to integrate the results of included studies.

Systematic
Literature review

review
Meta-analysis
 You can simply impress your audience and

Important Definitions
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 Easy to map existing understanding on
any problem

Why is SLR is Scientific methodology

so impirtant
Quick

Easy to publish

Highly cited
 You can simply impress your audience and

Tipe dari Review add a unique zing and appeal to your

1. Narrative/traditional (overview) review
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2. Systematic Review/Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

Modern
Meta-analisis adalah salah satu cara untuk melakukan sintesa hasil
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secara statistik (teknik kuantitatif) dan/atau naratif (teknik kualitatif)

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 Perbedaan Systematic Review dengan
Traditional Review
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Presentations. Easy to change colors,
No Systematic Review Traditional/Narrative Review
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PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
1. Menggunakan pendekatan metodologi Tidak menggunakandesigned.
pendekatan metodologi
You can simply impress your
ilmiah untuk merangkum hasil penelitian ilmiah (tergantung keinginan
audience and penulis)
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appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
2. Melibatkan tim peneliti Dikerjakan oleh seorang
changepenulis (peneliti),
colors, photos and Text.biasanya
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oleh seorang ahli beautifully designed.

3. Menggunakan protokol penelitian Tidak menggunakan protokol penelitian

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4. Pencarian hasil penelitian dan artikel Pencarian bukti-bukti dan artikel tidak dikerjakan
dikerjakan secara sistematis secara sistematis
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5. Ada kriteria yang jelas artikel mana yang
akan dimasukkan
Kriteria yang kurang jelas terkait artikel mana yang
akan dimasukkan

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6.
7.
Bisa di replikasi
Sintesis hasil: bisa dengan meta-analisis
Tidak bisa di replikasi
Sintesis hasil: secara naratif
14
atau naratif (meta-sintesis)
 SYSTEMATIC LYTERATUR REVIEW (SLR)

1.Mencari teori atau hasil penelitian

Studi literatur merupakan serangkaian
(strategi, prosedur maupun instrumen)
kegiatan untuk mengumpulkan, yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan
membaca dan mengolah data pustaka dalam melakukan penelitian
yang ditemukan
2.Menganalisis relevansi hasil
penelitian yang dilakukan dengan
penelitian sebelumnya

• Memperdalam pengetahuan tentang bidang

(Textbook)
• Mengetahui hasil penelitian yang
berhubungan dan yang sudah pernah
dilaksanakan (related research)
(Paper)
• Mengetahui perkembangan ilmu pada bidang
yang kita pilih (state-of-the-art) (Paper)
• Memperjelas masalah penelitian (Paper)
• Evaluasi kualitas dari hasil
penelitian sebelumnya
• Acuan dalam mencari fondasi
untuk membuat landasan teori,
kerangka berpikir dan model
penelitian
 PRISMA Framework
(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses)

• Keywords
Identification • Search criteria/data base
• Records extracted

Screening • Inclusion
• exclusion
PRISMA
Framework
Eligibility Quality
Assessment

Included Final number of

article included
 PRISMA Flow
Diagram You can simply impress your audience and
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TAHAPAN SLR

Metode Systematic Review

 1. Formulate the Review’s
Research Question You can simply impress your audience and
• Features of good question: add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,

• The RQ is meaningful and important to practitioners and

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researchers designed. You can simply impress your
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• The RQ will lead to changes in current practice or to increase

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confidence in the value of current practice modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.

• The RQ will identify discrepancies between commonly held

Modern
beliefs and the reality

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• RQ can be derived primarily based on researcher’s interest
Presentation
• An SLR for PhD thesis should identify existing basis for the research
work and where it fits in the current body of knowledge
 The Research
Question (RQ) You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your

• Is the most important part in any SLR

Presentations. Easy to change colors,
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• Is not necessarily the same as questions addressed in your

designed. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and
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research change colors, photos and Text. Get a
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• Is used to guide the search process
• IsModern
used to guide the extraction process
• Data
Portfolio
analysis (synthesis of evidence) is expected to answer
your SLR’s RQ
Presentation
 RQ and PICOC
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add a unique zing and appeal to your

The formulation of RQs about effectiveness of a Presentations. Easy to change colors,

photos and Text. Get a modern

treatment should focus on 5 elements known as PICOC: PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and
1. Population (P) - the target group for the investigation (e.g. people,
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software etc.) modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
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2. Intervention (I) - specifies the investigation aspects or issues of
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interest to the researchers
3. Comparison (C)– aspect of the investigation with which the
intervention is being compared to
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4. Outcomes (O)– the effect of the intervention
Presentation
5. Context (C)– the setting or environment of the investigation
 2. Develop the Review’s
Protocol
• A plan that specifies the basic review procedures
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(method) Presentations. Easy to change colors,

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• Components of a protocol: designed. You can simply impress your

audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
1. Background change colors, photos and Text. Get a
modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
2. Research Questions
Modern
3. Search terms
4. Selection criteria
Portfolio
5. Quality checklist and procedures
6. Data extraction strategy
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7. Data synthesis strategy
CONDUCTING
1. Identifying Relevant Literature
• Involves a comprehensive and
exhaustive searching of studies to be
Identifying included in the review
Relevant • Define a search strategy
Literature
• Search strategies are usually iterative
and benefit from:
• Preliminary searches (to identify existing review
and volume of studies)
• Trial searches (combination of terms from RQ)
• Check the search results against list of known
studies
• Consult the experts in the field
 Sumber Informasi
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• Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database online yang memiliki

add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. Get a modern

repositori besar untuk studi akademis seperti MEDLINE, ABI/Inform

PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing and
Complete, Academic Search Complete, ACM Digital Library, Elsevier
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. Get a
(SCOPUS), Emerald, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, dan IGIGlobal.
modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.

• Selain
Modern itu, penelusuran terhadap daftar referensi pada artikel yang
masuk dalam kriteria inklusi juga dilakukan untuk menemukan
Portfolio
apakah terdapat studi terkait lainnya yang berelevansi dengan
penelitian ini.
Presentation
 DATA BASE
Bibliographic Databases Topics Website
international biomedical and http://www.elsevier.com/online-
EMBASE pharmacological database tools/embase
biomedical literature, life
science journals, and online
Medline/Pubmed books http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
behavioral sciences and http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycin
PsycINFO mental health fo/index.aspx
science, technology, and http://thomsonreuters.com/science-
Science Citation Index (SCI) medicine citation-index-expanded/
scientific, technical, medical,
social sciences, arts, and
humanities published after
SCOPUS 1995 http://www.scopus.com/
evidence of effectiveness of
The Cochrane Library interventions http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/
 Documenting the Search
• The process of conducting SLR must be transparent and
replicable
• The review should be documented in sufficient detail
• The search should be documented and changes noted
• Unfiltered search results should be saved for possible
reanalysis
Data Source Documentation

Digital Library Name of Database, Search strategy, Date of search, years covered
by search

Journal Hand Name of journal, Years searched

Searches

Conference Title of proceedings/Name of conference, Journal name (if

proceedings published as part of a journal)
 2. Selection of Studies
• Primary studies need to be assessed for their actual
relevance
• Set the criteria for including or excluding studies (decided
earlier during protocol development, can be refined later)
• Inclusion & exclusion criteria should be based on RQ
• Selection process should be piloted
• Study selection is a multistage process
 3. Assessing Studies’
Quality
• Assessing quality of studies:
• Methodology or design of the study
• Analysis of studies’ findings
• Quality checklist or instrument need to be
designed to facilitate quality assessment
• Most quality checklists include questions aimed at
assessing the extent to which articles have addressed
bias and validity
 4. Data Extraction
• Involve reading the full text article
• Data extracted from primary studies should be recorded using
data extraction form
• The form should be designed and piloted when the protocol is
defined
• Collect all the information that can be used to answer the RQ and the
study’s quality criteria
• Both quality checklist and review data can be included in the same
form
• In case of duplicates publications (reporting the same data), refer the
most complete one
• For validation, a set of papers should be reviewed by 2 or more
researchers. Compare results and resolve any conflicts
 5. Synthesis of Evidence

• Involves collating and summarizing the results of the

included primary studies
• Key objectives of data synthesis (Cruzes & Dyba, 2011):
• to analyze and evaluate multiple studies
• to select appropriate methods for integrating or
providing new interpretive explanations about them
• Synthesis can be:
• Descriptive (narrative/non-quantitative)
• Quantitative (e.g. meta-analysis)
 SLR FORMAT WRITING
Abstract Introduction

Future Agenda
Methodology

Discussion
Results and
Interpretations
 Introduction

Divided into subsections Exixting Knowledge on the 500 words

problem

Limitations on the exixting 500 words

Knowledge

Your research question 500 words

• file:///C:/Users/FK%20Unusa/Downloads/Effect_of_Nigella_sativa_
Supplementation_on_Oxidat.pdf
References
• http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/index.html
• http://www.bmj.com/content/315/7121/1533#ref-1
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170102/
• https://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/steps
• https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/147
2-6874-6-11
Identification

• Keywords
• Search criteria/data • Single Word
base • Combination of words
• Records extracted
http://www.scopus.com
Screening
Options allCSV fileexportExcel
Methodology Reporting
Pada SLR ini kami menggunakan
Search Strategy strategi dalam identifikasi literature
dengan menggunakan data basem
scopus,NCBI, science direct. dll

Seleksi menggunaka metode

Selection Criteria PRISMA statement.

Studi ini menggunakan original

research article, review paper
dengan mengecek judul artikel yang
Quality Assessment sama dan dilakukan eksklusi
membuat figure PRISMA statement

Pada fase ekstraksi data didapatkan …artikel

dengan jumlah yang memenuhi
kriteria…..artikel.
Data Extraction Adapun kriteria tersebut:
1….
2…..
Reporting Results
Descriptive Analysis
• Records distribution over the year
• Country wise distribution
• Most cited records
• Most cited journals