3 4

k|ZgnfO{ s;/L lrGg] <  o;f] ul/Pdf tkfO{sf] kmfO{n csf{] gfddf ;]e x'g]5 . ca tkfO{nfO{ s'g <, k|Zgsf] xn
! gDa/ k|Zg eg]sf] g]kfnL 6fO{lkª, @ gDa/ k|Zg eg]sf] c+u|]hL 6fOlkª xf] eg] # gDa/ ug{' 5 To;nfO{ /fVg] / c?nfO{ d]l6lbg] .
k|Zgdf rflx % jf ;f] eGbf a9L k|Zgx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ . jf
 s'g k|ZgnfO{ eg]sf] 5 To; k|ZgnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] ;]n]S6 ug{] .
kmf]N8/ agfpg] ljleGg tl/sfx?  ca eg] Ctrl+C (copy) lyRg] .
s_ ;a}eGbf My Computer nfO{ b'O{ rf]6L lSns ug{] .  Ctrl+N (New) lyRg] .
v_ km]l/ Local Disk (D:) nfO{ klg b'O{ rf]6L lSns ug{] .  Ctrl+V (Paste) lyRg] .
u_ ca vfnL :yfgdf Mouse sf] bflxg] kl§sf] a6gnfO{ lSns ug{] .  ca eg] tkfO{sf] gofF 8s'd]G6df slk ul/Psf] cg'R5]bx? Paste
3_ New eGg] Option nfO{ 5fGg] . x'g]5 .
ª_ New Folder df lSns ug]{ . Page Setup ldnfpg] tl/sf .
r_ ca Pp6f gofF kmf]N8/ b]vf kg{] 5 . To;sf] gfd cfkm"n] rfx] cg';f/sf] lbg ;lsg] 5 t/
 File df lSns ug{] .
el/;s cfˆgf] gfd / l;Dan gDa/ n]Vg] ug{'kb{5 .
 Page Setup df lSns ug{] . -jf Vertical Ruler df b'O{ k6s lSns
5_ To;kl5 Enter Key nfO{ b'O{ rf]6L lyRg'xf];\ .
u/] klg x'G5 ._
ca eg] tkfO{sf] gfdsf] kmf]N8/ tof/ x'g]5 .
kmfO{n agfpg] tl/sf M  ca eg] tkfO{sf] cufl8 Pp6f Dialog Box b]lvg] 5 .
tkfO{sf] kmf]N8/ ag] kl5  k|Zgdf lbOPsf] Instruction cg';f/ Left, Right, Top, jf Bottom df c+s n]Vg] .
 vfnL 7fpFdf Mouse sf] Right Click ug{'xf];\ .  Orientation (Portrait / Landscape) 5fGg] . -Portrait eg]sf] 7f8f] kfgf xf] eg] Landscape
 New df lSns ug{'xf];\ . rflx t];f{] kfgf xf] ._
 Microsoft Word Document df lSns ug{'xf];\ .  Paper df lSns ug{] . To;df Paper Size k|Zgdf lbOPsf] Size 5fGg] . h:t} A4, A3, A5,
Letter, Custom etc._
 To; kmfO{nsf] gfd Nepali and English 6fO{k u/L b'O{ rf]6L Enter lyRg'xf];\ .
 clg clGtddf OK ul/lbg] .
 -gf]6 s'g} s'g} sDKo'6/df eg] kmfO{nsf] Secondary Name jf File Extension
Header -kfgfsf] dflyNnf] efu_ jf Footer -kfgfsf] tNnf] efudf_ df elgPsf] zAbx?
n]Vg'kb{5 . h:t} xyz.doc_
nfO{ n]Vg]÷/fVg] tl/sf .
 ca eg] g]kfnL 6fO{k ug{ tof/ x'g'kb{5 . -Preeti / 16 sf] cIf/ ;fO{h agfpg] ._
 View df lSns ug{] .
 tkfO{n] g]kfnL 6fO{k ug{] ;do ;lsPkl5 t'?Gt Times New Roman agfO{ c+u|]hL
 Header and Footer df lSns ug{] .
n]Vg' ;'? ul/ xfNg' kb{5 . -Pp6} kmfO{ndf n]v] s'g} klg c;/ x'g] 5}g . t/
 Header eg]sf] 5 eg] sxfF xf] ljr, bfFof jf afofF stf xf], elgPsf] zAbnfO{ n]Vg] .
tkfO{nfO{ %÷% ldg]6 cnu cnu ;dodf 6fO{k ug{] nufof] eg] dfly eg] h:t} csf{]
kmfO{n agfpg] ._  olb Footer df n]Vg'kg{] 5 eg] Keyboard df ePsf] Down Arrow Key nfO{ lylr lbg] /
To;sf] klg sxfF xf] bfofF, afofF, jf ljrdf eg]sf] 5, lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ zAb n]Vg'
jf kg{] 5 .
 Start df lSns ug{] .  File Name jf File Name Path lbg'xf];\ eg]5, eg] Insert Auto Text df lyRg] / 5fGg] .
 Run df klg lSng ug{] . Page Number nufpg] tl/sf
 lrqdf b]vfP cg';f/sf] Dialog Box b]lvg] 5 .  Insert df lSns ug{] .
 To; aS; leq Winword n]lv OK jf Enter Key  Page Number df lSns ug{] .
lyRg] .  Position df lSns u/L slksf] dflyNnf] efudf -Header_ jf slksf] tNnf] efudf -Footer_
 ca eg] tkfO{sf] Word Processing Software stf /fVg] xf] To;sf] klxrfg ug{] .
v'Ng]5 .  Alignment df lSns u/L afofF, bfofF, jf lardf stf /fVg] xf] To;sf] klg klxrfg ug{] .
# gDa/sf] k|ZgnfO{ xn ug{] tl/sfx? -kmfO{nnfO{ Copy and Paste ug{] tl/sf_  clg dfq Ok df lyRg] .
 F12 nfO{ lyRg] . Footnotes (Ctrl+Alt+F) -slksf] clGtd efudf n]lvg] zAbx?_ jf Endnotes -8s'd]G6sf]
 File sf] gfd Word Processing jf Format n]lv Save jf Enter ul/lbg] . clGtd efudf n]lvg zAbx?_ nufpg] tl/sf
 s'g zAbnfO{ Footnotes jf Endnotes lbg] xf] To;nfO{ ;]n]S6 ug{] .
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 Insert df lSns ug{] .
 Reference df lSns ug{] .
 Footnotes df lSns ug{] .
 Footnotes or Endnotes xf] To;nfO{ 5fGg] .
 Insert df lSns ug{] .
 ca k]h jf 8s'd]G6sf] clGtddf c+s cfpg] 5 . To;sf] cy{, k'/f ?k s] xf] n]lv lbg] /
cfkm"n] rfx]sf] :yfgdf lSns ul/lbg] .
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Single, Double, Dots, Dash, Zigzag etc. Underline nufpg] tl/sf  Alignment df /x]sf Left, Right, Center, or Justified, elgP cg';f/sf] Option 5fGg] .
 tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] . Left sf nflu Ctrl+L, Centered sf nflu Ctrl+E, Right sf nflu Ctrl+R / Justified sf nflu
 Format df lSns ug{] . Ctrl+J lylr lbg]_
 Font df lSns ug{] . -Ctrl+D lyRg]_  OK df lSns ug{] jf Enter .
 Underline Style df lSns ug{] . Paragraph lbg] tl/sf .
 s:tf] lsl;dsf] xf], Single, Double, Dtos, Dash, Zigzag, Word Only etc Underline  tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] .
5fGg] .  Format df lSns ug{] .
 OK df lSns ug{] .  Paragraph df lSns ug{] . -Horizontal Ruler sf] tabs nfO{ b'O{ k6s lyRg]_
Character Spacing lbg] tl/sf .  Special df /x]sf First Line, / By df slt OGr 5f]8\g' kg{] xf] To;df lbPsf]
 tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] . lgb{]zg cg';f/sf] c+s n]lvlbg] . -h:t}, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 ...._
 Format df lSns ug{] .  OK df lSns ug{] jf Enter .
 Font df lSns ug{] . -Ctrl+D lyRg]_ Single, Double, Dots, Dash, Zigzag etc.Page Border nufpg] tl/sf
 Character Spacing df lSns ug{] .  Format df lSns ug{] .
 Scale df 100% n]lvPsf] c+snfO{ 36fpbf cIf/ cIf/ ljrsf] :k]; 36\5 eg], a9fpbf cIf/ cIf/  Border and Shading df lSns ug{] .
ljrsf] :k]; a9\5 .  Page Border df lSns ug{] .
 OK df lSns ug{] .  Style or Art df ePsf nfO{g jf a'§fx?nfO{ 5fGg] . -h:t} s:tf] lsl;dsf] xf] Single,
Indentation lbg] tl/sf Double, Dots, Dash, etc _
 tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] .  OK jf Enter ug{] .
 Format df lSns ug{] . Drop Cap -cg'R5]bsf] cufl8sf] cIf/nfO{ ltg b]lv !) nfO{g;Dd cf]u6\g] cIf/_ agfpg]
 Paragraph df lSns ug{] . -Horizontal Ruler sf] Hanging indent nfO{ b'O{ k6s tl/sf
lyRg]_  cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] .
 Indentation df Left / Right elgP cg';f/sf] c+s n]lv lbg] .  Format df lSns ug{] .
 OK df lSns ug{] jf Enter .  Drop Cap df lSns ug{] .
Single, Double, 1.5 Line Spacing, etc lbg] tl/sf .  Dropped nfO{ 5fGg] .
 tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] .  OK jf Enter lylr lbg] .
 Format df lSns ug{] . Bullet and Number lbg] tl/sf
 Paragraph df lSns ug{] . -Horizontal Ruler sf] Hanging indent nfO{ b'O{ k6s  tf]lsPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug]{ .
lyRg]_  Format df lSns ug{] .
 Line Spacing df /x]sf Single, Double, 1.5 Line Spacing, jf ;f] eGbf a9L jf 36L -h:t},  Bullet and Numbering df lSns ug{] .
2.5, 3.5, 4_ cflb eg]df Multiple nfO{ 5fGg] . -Single sf nflu Ctrl+1, Double sf nflu  Bulleted or Numbered nfO{ 5fGg] .
Ctrl+2, / 1.5 line spacing sf nflu Ctrl+5 lylr lbg] ._  cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] Bulleted pr Numbered 5fGg] .
 OK df lSns ug{] jf Enter .  Ok jf Enter ul/lbg] .
n]lvPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ Left, Right, Center, or Justify Alignment ug{] tl/sf . Document df ePsf cg'R5]bnfO{ Column /fVg] tl/sf
 tf]lslbPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug{] .  tf]lsPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug]{ .
 Format df lSns ug{] .  Format df lSns ug{] .
 Paragraph df lSns ug{] . -Horizontal Ruler sf] Hanging indent nfO{ b'O{ k6s  Column df lSns ug{] .
lyRg]_  Tow, Three ......... Number of columns df cfjZos c+s lbg] -$% ;Dd dfq lbg
ldN5_
 OK jf Enter lylr lbg] .
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English df n]lvPsf ;a} cIf/, jfSo, jf cg'R5]b Capital (Upper Case), Small (Lower different types of files: data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on.
Case), Title case, Senter Case, tOGGLE tl/sf Different types of files, store different types of information. For example, program
 tf]lsPsf] zAb, jfSo, jf cg'R5]bnfO{ dfp;sf] ;xfotfn] Select ug]{ . files store programs, whereas text files store text.
 Format df lSns ug{] .
 Change Case df lSns ug{] . Taskbar:- taskbar is the long horizontal bar located at the bottom of the screen when
 Capital (Upper Case), Small (Lower Case), Title case, Senter Case, tOGGLE you star Windows for the first time. The taskbar contains three elements ............ The
Case s] rflxg] 5fGg] . start menu buttons for open Windows in the time of day indicator at the right end of
 Ok jf Enter lylr lbg] . the taskbar.
Drop Cap -cg'R5]bsf] cufl8sf] cIf/nfO{ ltg b]lv !) nfO{g;Dd cf]u6\g] cIf/_ agfpg] Recycle Bin:- It is a system folder in which Windows stores the items you delete.
tl/sf Windows put the deleted objects in the recycle bin. These related file still occupy as
 s'g 8s'd]G6nfO{ Lock nufpg'kg{] xf] . To;nfO{ vf]Ng] . much disk space as they did before you delete them. The space does not become
available until you empty the recycle bin.
 Tools df lSns ug{] .
 Options df lSns ug{] .
Folder: - Just like real world folders, folders on you hard drive store files. These files
 Security df lSns ug{] . can be documents, programs, scripts, libraries, and any other kind of computer file
 Password to open eGg] aS;df cfkm"n] hfGg], ;Demg ;Sg] lsl;dsf] ^ eGbf a9L you can think of. Folders can also store other folders, which may store more files or
cIf/sf] zAb n]Vg] . -gf]6 M olb o:tf] k|Zg cfPdf k|Zg kqdf g} lbg'kg{] other folders, and so on.
Password lbPsf] x'G5 ._
 Ok df lSns ug{] GUI (Graphical User Interface) : It is a visual computer environment that
 clGtddf Ctrl+S ug{] . represents programs files, and dialog boxes, on the screen. The user can select and
Table agfpg] tl/sf activate these options by pointing and clicking with a mouse or the keyboard. It
 Table df lSns ug{] . makes the environment and its program user friendly.
 Insert df lSns ug{] .
 Table df lSns ug{] . How to find or search the files and folders?
 NO of Columns eGg] aS;df cfjZos -w]/}df ^#_ / Number of Rows eGg] aS;df  Click on start button.
cfjZos c+s -w]/}df #@&^&_ n]Vg] .  Click on Find/Search.
 OK df lSns ug{] .  Click on File and folder.
 Choose the required disk where you want to find.
Desktop: - Desktop is an on-screen work area that uses icons and menus to stimulate  Click on search the file and folder.
the top of a desk. It is design for easy performance of everyday task and for complete  Type the text in the box.
internet integration. You can use your desktop for almost any task such as opening  Click on find/Search.
program, coping files, connecting to the internet, and so on. How to print your active files.
 Click on File
Icon :- Icon is a graphical representation of an element in Windows, such as a disk
 Click on Print
drive, folders, applications, documents, and others components. Icons generally look
 Choose Print Name (Canon 1210 LBP laser)
like the object they represent. You interact with your computers resources by
activating the icons that represent the resources, which can be done easily by a  Click on Print/OK
pointing device such as mouse.

File:- A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename.
Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many
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