Mcm301

Assignment # 1
Fall 2019
Chronological order
Question no 1
Naya Pakistan: the new beginning (2013)
The Urdu word 'naya' (new) in Iqbal's poetry is the same as
the 'naya' in Imran Khan's Pakistan, it means something different than a
genuine tabdeeli (change) in process, a foundational change in the actual product. Since the
initial conceptual meaning of Naya Pakistan is to describe and capture the way the country
would look on the occasion of Imran Khan becoming the prime minister, it distinguishes itself
from a product or object-related meaning towards an event-related expression.
In my research, I examine which associated meaning(s) of Naya Pakistan changed or remained
stable over the years by considering its collocates, starting from its initial appearances in the
2013 general elections to the present time.  until the end of 2014, Naya Pakistan was represented
as a novelty term.
Naya Pakistan: Urge to transform (2017)
In the years subsequent to 2014 up until 2017, the freshly-coined
romance transformed into a visionary desire, yet remained connected with a future event. For
example, the verb prepositional phrases 'dream of Naya Pakistan', 'journey to Naya Pakistan',
'promise of Naya Pakistan', 'version of Naya Pakistan Fueled with imagining the possibilities,
implicitly concealed was a hypothetical meaning. Statements such as 'if we are to build a Naya
Pakistan, we need to redefine our history', 'in order to deliver Naya Pakistan PTI has to be
transformed into a movement by the Kaptaan' and 'when most of these projects will be completed
we will see a true Naya Pakistan' represented a hypothesis. In the late 2017 and early 2018, the
term began to carry a practical value. Some of the most significant verb collocates like 'building',
'heralded', 'appeared', 'rallied', 'carving', 'forming', 'launching' and 'deliver' gave Naya Pakistan a shape
and form, as if it's a real world object.

Although not tangible, the verb collocates acted as a complementarity, allowing us to understand
what will happen during the construction or flow of this event, metaphorically.
Naya Pakistan: Current age (2019)
The highest frequency of the use of the word 'Naya Pakistan' can be
seen in the period after the 2018 general elections, up until the most recent usage in 2019. The
top collocates of 2019 are 'housing', programme 'scheme' and 'recommend', which are in relation
to the Naya Pakistan Housing Scheme, becoming an insistent request.
 However, there is now a gradual weakening of the word's connection
with its original and denotative meaning. Members of the opposition party, such as Maryam
Aurangzeb, voice it as a taunting remark. In her statement in April 2019, she asks, "is attacking
police stations a trend of Naya Pakistan?". In some cases, the reference is for rhetorical purposes:
'so where is Naya Pakistan?' seems to be a coping strategy of the opposition party. At other
times, through a challenging tone, it is used to indicate that superficial appearances do not match
reality, as in 'real Naya Pakistan' or through the use of the non-factive verb 'seems' in 'this seems
to be a gift from Naya Pakistan'.
However, when the term is presented as belonging to the prime minister — 'Imran Khan's Naya
Pakistan', along with hopeful words like 'trust', 'beginning', 'welcoming', 'embrace', 'support',
'shaping' and 'progress' — the event-related initial meaning and the actual arrival of the event is
positively confirmed.
QUESTION NO 2
newspaper
Two years ago, the leak of the Panama Papers showed the world how the wealthiest people
conceal their assets in offshore tax havens. The leak prompted outrage, political scandals, and
calls for an overhaul of the laws that permit such tax-avoidance or tax-evasion strategies. On
Sunday, there was another leak: This one, dubbed the Paradise Papers, provided details on the
offshore assets of more than 120,000 individuals and entities, ranging from Queen Elizabeth II
and U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross to Apple and Facebook.
Newspaper citation:
KRISHNADEV CALAMUR (NOVEMBER 7, 2017). Offshore tax heavens
Global p2
Journal
The purpose of this study is to identify the major determinants of tax havens in the actual
economic context. The development of tax havens was favored by some factors at
macroeconomic level, but also by tax noncompliance behavior of individuals who are seeking
different ways to avoid taxation. Based on a logistic regression this study reveals the most
important factors that favor a country's tax haven status. The main finding of this approach is that
low taxation is not enough for a country to be a tax haven. Despite the fact that the corporate tax
rate is indeed significant according to the model, the percentage of services in GDP proves to be
the most prominent variable, and only the countries which have an important part of their GDP
made up of services are likely to acquire tax haven status. Since offshore finance is one of the
main pillars on which tax havens lie down, the importance of the services sector comes as no
surprise.
Journal citation: Eugenia Ramona Mara(2015). Offshore tax heavens. Procedia Economics
and Finance. Volume 32, 2015, Pages 1638-1646
Magazine:
New research reveals that multinational firms have invested $12 trillion globally in empty
corporate shells, and citizens of some financially unstable and oil-producing countries hold a
disproportionately large share of the $7 trillion personal wealth stashed in tax havens.
Although Swiss Leaks, the Panama Papers, and recent disclosures from the offshore industry
have revealed some of the intricate ways multinational firms and wealthy individuals use tax
havens to escape paying their fair share, the offshore financial world remains highly opaque.
Because of the secrecy that lies at the heart of the services offered by offshore banks, lawyers,
and domiciliation companies, it is hard to know exactly how much money is funneled through
tax havens, where the money is coming from, and where it is going
Magazine citation:
Niels Johannesen (2018). Offshore tax heavens. FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT.VOL. 55, P
NO.2