Maths Formulas For Class 10

The Maths formulas for Class 10 are the general formulas which are not only crucial for Class 10
but also form the base for higher-level maths concepts. The maths formulas are also important in
various higher education fields like engineering, medical, commerce, finance, computer science,
hardware, etc. In almost every industry, the most common formulas introduced in class 10 are
used.
The class 10 maths formulas include formulas related to real numbers, polynomials, quadratic
equations, triangles, circles, statistics, probability, etc. These maths formulas will be extremely
helpful for students to be able to solve questions more accurately and quickly.

List of Maths Formulas for Class 10 (Chapterwise)

The basic maths class 10 formulas are almost the same for all the boards. The list of maths
formulas are:

 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Formulas

 Algebra and Quadratic Equation Formulas
 Arithmetic Progression Formulas
 Trigonometry Formulas
 Circle Formulas
 Surface Area and Volume Formulas
 Statistics Formulas
⇒ Download Class 10 Maths Formulas PDF Here:Download Now

Linear Equations
One Variable ax+b=0 a≠0 and a&b are real numbers

Two variable ax+by+c = 0 a≠0 & b≠0 and a,b & c are real numbers

Three Variable ax+by+cz+d=0 a≠0 , b≠0, c≠0 and a,b,c,d are real numbers

Pair of Linear Equations in two variables:

a1x+b1y+c1=0
a2x+b2y+c2=0
Where

 a , b , c , a , b , and c  are all real numbers and

1 1 1 2 2 2

 a +b  ≠ 0 & a + b  ≠ 0
1
2
1
2
2
2 
2
2
It should be noted that linear equations in two variables can also be represented in graphical
form.

Algebra or Algebraic Equations

The standard form of a Quadratic Equation is:

ax2+bx+c=0 where a ≠ 0
And x = [-b ± √(b2 – 4ac)]/2a

Algebraic formulas:

 (a+b) = a + b + 2ab
2  2  2 

 (a-b) = a + b – 2ab
2  2  2 

 (a+b) (a-b) = a – b 2  2

 (x + a)(x + b) = x  + (a + b)x + ab 2

 (x + a)(x – b) = x  + (a – b)x – ab 2

 (x – a)(x + b) = x  + (b – a)x – ab 2

 (x – a)(x – b) = x  – (a + b)x + ab 2

 (a + b)  = a  + b  + 3ab(a + b)
3 3 3

 (a – b)  = a  – b  – 3ab(a – b)
3 3 3

 (x + y + z)  = x  + y  + z  + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz

2 2 2 2

 (x + y – z)  = x  + y  + z  + 2xy – 2yz – 2xz

2 2 2 2

 (x – y + z)  = x  + y  + z  – 2xy – 2yz + 2xz

2 2 2 2

 (x – y – z)  = x  + y  + z  – 2xy + 2yz – 2xz

2 2 2 2

 x  + y  + z  – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x  + y  + z  – xy – yz -xz)

3 3 3 2 2 2

 x + y  =½ [(x + y)  + (x – y) ]
2  2 2 2

 (x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x  + (a + b +c)x  + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc 3 2

 x  + y = (x + y) (x  – xy + y )
3 3 2 2

 x  – y  = (x – y) (x  + xy + y )
3 3 2 2

 x  + y  + z  -xy – yz – zx = ½ [(x-y)  + (y-z)  + (z-x) ]

2 2 2 2 2 2

Click here to check all algebra formulas

Basic formulas for powers

 p xp=p
m  n  m+n

 {p }⁄{p } = p
m n m-n

 (p ) = p
m n  mn
  p  = 1/p
-m m

 p  = p
1

 P=1
0 

Arithmetic Progression(AP) Formulas

If a , a , a , a , a , a ,  are the terms of AP and d is the common difference between each term, then
1 2 3 4 5 6 …

we can write the sequence as; a a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, a+5d,….,nth term… where a is the first
, 

term. Now, n  term for arithmetic progression is given as;

th

nth term = a + (n-1) d
Sum of the first n terms in Arithmetic Progression;

Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1) d]

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10

Trigonometry maths formulas for Class 10 cover three major functions Sine, Cosine and Tangent
for a right-angle triangle. Also, in trigonometry, the functions sec, cosec and cot formulas can be
derived with the help of sin, cos and tan formulas.
Let a right-angled triangle ABC is right-angled at point B and have ∠θ.
Sin θ= SideoppositetoangleθHypotenuse=PerpendicularHypotenuse = P/H
Cos θ = AdjacentsidetoangleθHypotenuse = BaseHypotenuse = B/H
Tan θ = SideoppositetoangleθAdjacentsidetoangleθ = P/B
Sec θ = 1cosθ
Cot θ = 1tanθ
Cosec θ = 1sinθ
Tan θ = SinθCosθ

Trigonometry Table:

Angle 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

Sinθ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1

Cosθ 1 √3/2 1/√2 ½ 0

Tanθ 0 1/√3 1 √3 Undefined

Cotθ Undefined √3 1 1/√3 0

 Secθ 1 2/√3 √2 2 Undefined

Cosecθ Undefined 2 √2 2/√3 1

Other Trigonometric formulas:

 sin(90° – θ) = cos θ
 cos(90° – θ) = sin θ
 tan(90° – θ) = cot θ
 cot(90° – θ) = tan θ
 sec(90° – θ) = cosecθ
 cosec(90° – θ) = secθ
 sin θ + cos  θ = 1
2 2

 sec θ = 1 + tan θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°

2  2

 Cosec θ = 1 + cot  θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°

2  2

Get complete Trigonometry Formulas list here

Circles Formulas For Class 10

 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r

 Area of the circle = π r 2

 Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r 2

 Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r

(r = radius of the circle)

Surface Area and Volumes Formulas For Class 10

The common formulas from the surface area and volumes chapter in 10  class include the
th

following:

 Sphere Formulas
Diameter of sphere 2r

Surface area of sphere 4 π r2

Volume of Sphere 4/3 π r3

 Cylinder Formulas
Curved surface area of Cylinder 2 πrh
 Area of two circular bases 2 πr2

Total surface area of Cylinder Circumference of Cylinder + Curved surface area of Cylinder = 2 πrh + 2
πr2

Volume of Cylinder π r2 h

 Cone Formulas
Slant height of cone l = √(r2 + h2)

Curved surface area of cone πrl

Total surface area of cone πr (l + r)

Volume of cone ⅓ π r2 h

 Cuboid Formulas
Perimeter of cuboid 4(l + b +h)

Length of the longest diagonal of a cuboid √(l2 + b2 + h2)

Total surface area of cuboid 2(l×b + b×h + l×h)

Volume of Cuboid l×b×h

Here, l = length, b = breadth and h = height In case of Cube, put l = b = h = a, as cube all its sides
of equal length, to find the surface area and volumes.

Statistics Formulas for Class 10

In class 10, the chapter statistics mostly deals with finding the mean, median and mode of
grouped data.
(I) The mean of the grouped data can be found by 3 methods.

1. Direct Method: x̅ = ∑ni=1fixi∑ni=1fi, where ∑f x is the sum of observations from value i = 1

i  i 

to n And ∑f is the number of observations from value i = 1 to n

i 

2. Assumed mean method : x̅ = a+∑ni=1fidi∑ni=1fi

3. Step deviation method : x̅ = a+∑ni=1fiui∑ni=1fi×h

(II) The mode of grouped data:

Mode = l+f1–f02f1–f0–f2×h
(III) The median for a grouped data:
Median = l+n2–cff×h
Check out more important Class 10 maths resources from below:

Common Symbols Used in Set

Theory
Symbols save time and space when writing. Here are the most common set
symbols

In the examples C = {1, 2, 3, 4} and D = {3, 4, 5}

Symbo
Meaning Example
l

{} Set: a collection of elements {1, 2, 3, 4}

A ∪ B Union: in A or B (or both) C ∪ D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A ∩ B Intersection: in both A and B C ∩ D = {3, 4}

A ⊆ B Subset: every element of A is in B. {3, 4, 5} ⊆ D

Proper Subset: every element of A is in B,

A ⊂ B {3, 5} ⊂ D
but B has more elements.

A ⊄ B Not a Subset: A is not a subset of B {1, 6} ⊄ C

A ⊇ B Superset: A has same elements as B, or more {1, 2, 3} ⊇ {1, 2, 3}

A ⊃ B Proper Superset: A has B's elements and more {1, 2, 3, 4} ⊃ {1, 2, 3}

A ⊅ B Not a Superset: A is not a superset of B {1, 2, 6} ⊅ {1, 9}

Dc = {1, 2, 6, 7}
Ac Complement: elements not in A
When   = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

A−B Difference: in A but not in B {1, 2, 3, 4} − {3, 4} = {1, 2}

a ∈ A Element of: a is in A 3 ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}

b ∉ A Not element of: b is not in A 6 ∉ {1, 2, 3, 4}

∅ Empty set = {} {1, 2} ∩ {3, 4} = Ø

Universal Set: set of all possible values

 
(in the area of interest)

     

P(A) Power Set: all subsets of A P({1, 2}) = { {}, {1}, {2}, {1, 2} }

A=B Equality: both sets have the same members {3, 4, 5} = {5, 3, 4}

Cartesian Product {1, 2} × {3, 4}

A×B
(set of ordered pairs from A and B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}

|A| Cardinality: the number of elements of set A |{3, 4}| = 2

     

| Such that { n | n > 0 } = {1, 2, 3,...}

: Such that { n : n > 0 } = {1, 2, 3,...}

∀ For All ∀x>1, x2>x

∃ There Exists ∃ x | x2>x

∴ Therefore a=b  ∴  b=a

     

Natural Numbers {1, 2, 3,...} or {0, 1, 2, 3,...}

Integers {..., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

Rational Numbers  

Algebraic Numbers  
 Real Numbers  

Imaginary Numbers 3i

Complex Numbers 2 + 5i