Important Maths formulas For Class 10

Maths Formulas for Class 10 presented over here covers important formulas from the
mathematics fundamentals of class 10. These Class 10 Maths Formulas helps you solve your
homework or assignment problems easier and quicker.

Formulas For Arithmetic Progression (AP)

If a1, a2, a3, a4….. be the terms of an AP and d be the common difference between each term,
then the sequence can be written as: a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d…… a + nd. where a is the first
term and (a + nd) is the (n – 1) th term. So, the formula to calculate the nth term of AP is given as:

nth term = a + (n-1) d

The sum for the nth term of AP where a is the 1st term, d is the common difference, and l is the

last term is given as:

Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1) d or Sn = n/2 [a + l]

Formulas For Linear Equations

Linear equations in one, two, and three variables have the following forms:

Linear Equation in one

ax + b=0 Where a ≠ 0 and a & b are real numbers
Variable
Linear Equation in Two Where a ≠ 0 & b ≠ 0 and a, b & c are real
ax + by + c = 0
Variables numbers
Linear Equation in Three ax + by + cz + d = Where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 and a, b, c, d are real
Variables 0 numbers

The pair of linear equations in two variables are given as:

a1x+b1+c1=0 and a2x+b2+c2=0

Where a1, b1, c1, & a2, b2, c2 are real numbers & a12+b12 ≠ 0 & a22 + b22 ≠ 0

Quick Note: Linear equations can also be represented in graphical form.

Trigonometry Formulas

The Trigonometric Formulas for Class 10 covers the basic

trigonometric functions for a right-angled triangle i.e. Sine (sin),

Cosine (cos), and Tangent (tan) which can be used to derive

Cosecant (cos), Secant (sec), and Cotangent (cot).

Let a right-angled triangle ABC is right-angled at point B and have ∠θ is one of the other

two angles.

sin θ = Side opposite to angle θ ‗ Perpendicular ‗ P/H

Hypotenuse Hypotenuse

cos θ = Adjacent side to angle θ ‗ Adjacent side ‗ B/H

Hypotenuse Hypotenuse

tan θ = Side opposite to angle θ ‗ P/B

Adjacent side to angle θ

1
sec θ = Cos θ

1
cot θ =
Tan θ

1
Cosec θ = Sin θ
Cos θ
tan θ = Sin θ
The Trigonometric Table comprising the values of these trigonometric functions for

standard angles is as under:

Angle 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

Sin θ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1
Cos θ 1 √3/2 1/√2 ½ 0
Tan θ 0 1/√3 1 √3 Undefined
Cot θ Undefined √3 1 1/√3 0
Sec θ 1 2/√3 √2 2 Undefined
Cosec θ Undefined 2 √2 2/√3 1
Some other trigonometric formulas are given below:

sin (90° – θ) = cos θ

1.cos (90° – θ) = sin θ

2.tan (90° – θ) = cot θ
3.cot (90° – θ) = tan θ
4.sec (90° – θ) = cosecθ
5.cosec (90° – θ) = secθ
6.sin2θ + cos2 θ = 1
7.sec2 θ = 1 + tan2θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°
8.Cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°

Maths Formulas For Algebra & Quadratic Equations

To know the algebra formulas for Class 10, first, you need to get familiar with

Quadratic Equations.

The Quadratic Formula: Fora quadratic equation px2 + qx + r = 0, the values of x which are

the solutions of the equation are given by:

x = - b ± √b2 – 4ac
2a
Now you know the basic quadratic equation.

Let us now go through the list of algebra formulas for Class 10:

1. (a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
 2. (a-b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab

3. (a+b) (a-b) = a2 – b2

4. (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

5. (x + a)(x – b) = x2 + (a – b)x – ab

6. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

7. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)(x – a)

8. (x + b) = x2 + (b – a)x – ab
9. (x – a)(x – b) = x2 – (a + b)x + ab

10. (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz

11. (x + y – z)2 = x2+ y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz – 2xz

12. (x – y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2– 2xy – 2yz + 2xz

13. (x – y – z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy + 2yz – 2xz

14. x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz -xz)

15. x2 + y2 =½ [(x + y)2 + (x – y)2]

16. (x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b +c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc

17. x3 + y3= (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)

18. x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)

19. x2 + y2 + z2 -xy – yz – zx = ½ [(x-y)2 + (y-z)2 + (z-x)2]

Quick Note: These formulas will be important in higher classes and various competitive

examinations. So, memorize them and understand them well.

Maths Formulas For Circle

Circle formulas act as a base for Mensuration. The Class 10 Maths Circle formulas for a
circle of radius r are given below:
•1. Circumference of the circle = 2 π r
•2. Area of the circle = π r2
•3. Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r2
•4. Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r
Formulas For Surface Area & Volume
These formulas are very important for successfully solving mensuration questions.
Find below the formulas in a tabulated form for your convenience.
Here, LSA = Lateral Surface Area,
TSA = Total Surface Area.

Diameter: 2r
Circumference: 2 π r
TSA: 4πr2
Sphere
Volume: 4 πr
2
3
r = radius

Circumference: 2πr
LSA: 2πrh
TSA: 2πr (r + h)
Cylinder Volume: πr2h

r = radius,
h = height

Slant height: l=√ℎ2+r2

LSA: πrl
TSA: πr(r + l)
Cone 1 πr2h
Volume:
3
r = radius,
l = slant height,
h = height

LSA:2h(l + b)
TSA: 2(lb + bh + hl)
Volume: lbh
Cuboid
l = length,
b = breadth,
h = height
LSA: 4a2
TSA: 6a2
Cube Volume: a3

a = sides of a cube
Formulas For Statistics

Statistics in Class 10 is majorly about finding the Mean, Median, and Mode of the given

data. The statistic formulas are given below:

(I) The Mean of Grouped Data can be found by 3 methods.

Σni = 1ƒixi
1.Direct Method: x̅ = Σni 1ƒi where fi xi is the sum of observations for i = 1 to n
=

And fi is the number of observations for i = 1 to n

Σni = 1ƒidi
2.Assumed Mean Method: x̅ = a+
Σni = 1ƒi

Σni = 1ƒiui
3.Step Deviation Method : x̅ = a+
Σni = 1ƒi

Ƒi _ Ƒ0
(II) The Mode of Grouped Data: Mode = I + xh
2Ƒ1 _ Ƒ0 _ Ƒ2

n _ cƒ
(III) The median for a grouped data: Median = l+ 2 ƒ xh