#1, Aguilario, Kin Ian P.

Polaris 3A
DW2
Laboratory #2-3
#2- Explain the principle of effective deck watch keeping. (Not less than 200
words) 20 pts.
Watchkeeping is a fundamental aspect of the marine crews’ obligations on board
transport. A ton of upkeep work can be diminished by following a productive
watchkeeping routine. Besides, it can likewise dodge genuine mishaps from occurring.
Watchkeeping at sea principles states that there should be legitimate plans for watch
keeping personnel will be guaranteed as per the circumstances. The master of each boat
will undoubtedly guarantee that watch keeping courses of action are satisfactory for
keeping up a safe navigational or payload watch. Under the master’s overall heading, the
officials of the navigational watch are answerable for exploring the boat securely during
their times of obligation, when they will be especially worried about staying away from
impact and abandoning. These watch keeping principle sets the guidelines and
qualification of a watchkeeping personnel. It will enable the watch keeper to understand
regarding their individual roles, responsibility and team roles shall be established. The
watch keeping personnel should also be knowledgeable of the functions and operation of
installations/equipment, and be familiar with handling them as well as should maintain
exchange of appropriate communication in any situation. The watch keeping personnel
shall notify the master/chief engineer officer/officer in charge of watch duties without
any hesitation when in any doubt as to what action to take in the interest of safety.
Relieving officers shall personally satisfy themselves regarding the standing orders and
other special instructions of the master relating to navigation of the ship; position, course,
speed and draught of the ship; prevailing and predicted tides, currents, weather, visibility
and the effect of these factors upon course and speed. keep the watch on the bridge; in no
circumstances leave the bridge until properly relieved; and continue to be responsible for
the safe navigation of the ship, despite the presence of the master on the bridge, until
informed specifically that the master has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually
understood. The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall notify the master
immediately if restricted visibility is encountered or expected; if the traffic conditions or
the movements of other ships are causing concern; if difficulty is experienced in
maintaining course; on failure to sight land, or a navigation mark or to obtain soundings
by the expected time.
In spite of the prerequisite to inform the master quickly in the prior conditions, the
official accountable for the navigational watch will, furthermore, not stop for a second to
make a prompt move for the wellbeing of the boat, where conditions so require.
 The official responsible for the navigational watch will give watchkeeping faculty
every fitting guidance and data which will guarantee the keeping of a protected watch,
including a proper lookout.

#3- Explain the proper changeover of steering control from manual to automatic and vice versa.
( Not less than 100 words ) 10 pts.

Auto-Pilot framework is considered as quite possibly the most developed and actually
refined navigational equipment devices on vessels. Auto-Pilot is synchronized with the Gyro
Compass to guide physically entered courses, regarding the gyro heading. Auto Pilot directs the
physically input course by controlling the guiding stuff to turn the rudder in the necessary way.
Moreover, current auto-pilot frameworks are equipped for being synchronized with the
Electronic Chart System (ECDIS) empowering to follow the courses spread out in the Voyage
plan. This element removes the need of manual course changes and adjustments as the
framework will follow the courses and modifications according to the voyage plan.
The change-over from automatic to manual steering and vice versa shall be made by or
under the supervision of the officer of the watch, or, if there is no such officer, the master.
Changing steering control from manual to automatic and vice versa is a simple operation which
can be done any time by putting the switch from ‘Auto’ to ‘Manual’. The steering must be
changed from ‘Auto’ to ‘Manual’ once every watch and ship hand steered for some time before
returning to ‘Auto’.
Changeover of Steering
From Manual to Automatic Control
1. Put the rudder amidships then turn Mode Selection Unit (knob) counter-clockwise to point to
"Auto".
2. Turn the Course Selection Controller knob to select desired course. In some system, the
operator needs to press 'enter' to activate the desired course. You will Notice that the Heading
Display will blink. Be sure to be familiar with the equipment to avoid untoward incident.
3. This procedure must be done by the conning Officer

From Autopilot to Manual Control

1. Put the rudder amidships then turn Mode Selection Unit (knob) clockwise to point to "Hand".
2. Hold the helm/wheel and steer by hand with the helm order of the master, the pilot, or the
conning officer and using the rudder angle indicator and the gyro repeater.
3. This procedure must be done by the conning Officer

The process of shifting from manual to automatic and vice versa varies per equipment
used on board various types of ship however there are common points which are as follows:
 Set the auto-steering controls as required for the given weather and loading conditions. Turn
the auto-course setting pointer to the course to be steered.
 Steer the vessel by hand until she is dead steady on the course to be steered.
 Keep the rudder exactly amidship. Ensure this by observing the rudder indicator.
 At this instant, the ship's course should be dead steady and swinging off the course at all.
 Turn the auto-manual switch to auto.
 Switch on the off-course alarm and set it as desired.
 Observe the steering to confirm that the rudder is being applied correctly when the ship goes
off course.
 Compare the gyro and magnetic compass and record the readings.

Auto-pilot is an unquestionable shelter in modern day. It is the duty of the officials to

guarantee that they are totally mindful of the equipment and its features and controls to make a
legitimate and productive utilization of it. In spite of the way that auto-pilot system fluctuates in
model from vessel to vessel, it's working guideline and highlights will be the equivalent. Deck
officials utilizing the hardware are unequivocally prescribed to peruse the assembling's working
manual to get an exhaustive comprehension of the equipment and its operation.