TEST 7

PHONETICS
Identify the word whose stress pattern is different from that of other words in the group 1. A.
redundant B. descendant C. relevant D. consultant
2. A. argumentative B. psychological C. contributory D. hypersensitive
3. A. compensate B. sacrifice C. renovate D. contribute
4. A. associate B. original C. stability D. accelerate
5. A. tremendous B. luminous C. enormous D. autonomous
Choose one word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
by circling A, B, C or D.
1. A. compete B. impetus C. senior D. vehicle
2. A. agent B. inflation C. sabotage D. constipation
3. A. teenage B. dosage C. voyage D. carriage
4. A. rough B. tough C. hiccough D. trough
5. A. commercial B. celestial C. presidential D. essential
PART B: LEXICO – GRAMMAR
Choose the correct answer to each question
1. The police are ________ certain who the culprit is.
A. in some ways B. more or less C. here and there D. by and by
2. All candidates will be treated equally_____ of their age or background.
A. notwithstanding B. discounting C. irrelevant D. irrespective
3. _____ the public’s concern about the local environment, this new road scheme will have to
be abandoned.
A. as regards B. In view of C. In the event of D. However much
4. The judge imposed a light sentence in view of the ________ circumstances.
A. extenuating B. unfair C. extensive D. qualifying
5. Because of cutbacks in council spending, plan for the new stadium had to be
____________.
A. stockpiled B. overthrown C. shelved D. disrupted
6. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____of mind
A. frame B. trend C. attitude D. tendency
7. The noise of the machinery ________ the words of the factory manager.
A. covered B. suppressed C. drowned D. deadened
8. Fearing for his life, he ________ the mugger for mercy.
A. pleaded with B. petitioned C. urged D. begged
9. ……….the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.
A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Unless I realized D. When I had realized
10. The police finally arrested the ________ criminal.
A. famous B. renowned C. respectable D. notorious
11. She .......... modern art. She visits all the local exhibitions.
A. looks down on B. goes in for C. fixes up with D. comes up against
12. In some parts of the world, the indigenous population has been completely ..........
A. wiped up B. wiped away C. wiped out D. wiped off
13. Rumors going round, Mr. Long is ________ Head of the Department.
A. in the proximity of B. in line for C. in adjacent to D. in view of
14.There wasn't a ...................... of truth in what he said.
A. ray B. lump C. grain D. pinch
15. They are happily married although, of course, they argue .....................
A. most times B. from day to day C. every now and then D. on the occasion
Put the correct form of the words in brackets
1. People used to suffer from their life-time physical ___________ (normal)
2. If you think I am going to marry you, then I’m afraid you’re very much _______(take).
3. The man was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to three years __________ (prison)
4. He won the discus event at the Olympic Games but was later ___________ when a medical
check proved that he had been taking drugs (qualify)
5. The recent hurricane caused ___________ damaged (wide)
6. Jim is one of the most ____________ members of the committee (speak)
7. We try to ensure the _____________ of our employees (be)
8. The dictionaries are with the other_____________ books. (refer)
9. I was annoyed at his ______________to co-operate. (refuse)
10.Thank you for your present. It was very ____________ of you to send it. (think)
1. abnomalities 2. mistaken 3. imprisonment 4. disqualified 5. widespread 6. outspoken 7.
well-being 8. reference 9. refusal 10. thoughtful
READING COMPREHENSION
Part 1. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer by circling the
corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is
much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where
streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and
deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the
way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying
and wedging. This happens not by soakingthe rocks in salt water, but by moistening their
bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central
Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through
tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface. Most stones have capillary passages that
suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high
daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the
cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available.
Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and
eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic
rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along
boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the
expansion of halite crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and
similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have
withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered
into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations. The dominant salt in Death
Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause
prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weatheringby a variety of salts, though often subtle,
is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs
mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of
Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.
B. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.
C. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.
D. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.
2. The word "it" in bold refers to _______.
A. salty water B. groundwater table C. capillary action D. sediment
3. The word "exert" in bold is closest in meaning to _______.
A. put B. reduce C. replace D. control
4. In paragraph 2, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?
A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.
B. They both grow as long as water is available.
C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.
D. They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.
5. The author mentions “theexpansion of halite crystals … by hydration" in order
to__________.
A. present an alternative theory about crystal growth
B. explain how some rocks are not affected by salt
C. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging
D. introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks
6. The word "durable" in bold is closest in meaning to_________.
A. large B. strong C. flexible D. pressured
7. The word "shattered" in bold is closest in meaning to_________.
A. arranged B. dissolved C. broken apart D. gathered together
8. The word "dominant" in bold is closest in meaning to__________.
A. most recent B. most common C. least available D. least damaging
9. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks?
A. Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.
B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.
C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.
D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley.
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in
areas where ice is common?
A. They are protected from weathering.
B. They do not allow capillary action of water.
C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.
D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.
Part 2.Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to complete the
following passage by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
TEEN FASHION
It is widely believed that boys are less interested in fashion than girls. While it is true that
fashion for guys is not as widely followed as fashion for girls, it is becoming more and more
important. Girls’ fashion (1) _________ to change more often, or at least it is more widely
advertised. You can’t help (2) _________ when fashion gets serious. One minute everyone is
wearing one (3) _________ brand of trainers; six months later, something new is in and a
perfectly good pair of trainers gets pushed to the back of the wardrobe. At some schools, the
abolition of school uniform has also had (4) _________ an impact on what teenagers wear. In
other schools, where uniforms are more common, keeping up with teenage fashion is less (5)
_________ than in schools where kids can wear casual clothes. Nowadays, it costs more and
more to stay (6) _________ fashion and this can mean some students feel (7) _________
ifwhat they are wearing is not trendy enough. Some kids may even feel ashamed (8) _______
their parents don’t have enough money to buy them the latest gear. The pressure from friends
and the media to be trendy is so great that it is difficult to(9) _________. For adults, it is easier
to ignore the peer pressure, but (10)________ a teenager-boy or girl-you need a lot of courage
to say no to fashion.
1.A. looks B. comes C. becomes D. seems
2. A. to notice B. noticing C. to raise awareness D. awareness raising
3. A. similar B. same C. particular D. peculiar
4. A. fairly B. quite C. very D. really
5. A. profitable B. wealthy C. economic D. expensive
6. A. at B. by C. for D. in
7. A. embarrassed B. shameful C. shameless D. shy
8. A. if B. unless C. provided D. whether
9. A. refrain B. resist C. react D. retain
10. A. as B. from C. with D. like
Part3. Read the passage and fill in each numbered gap with ONE suitable word.
MY FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH DRACULA
I had been riding all (1) _________ and it had already got dark. I was on my way to Dracula’s
castle, but I had only got as far as the first village. I wanted to get (2) _________ my
destination before midnight. The mountain was steep and the forest all around was black and
silent. Suddenly, I heard a strange sound (3)_________ the distance. A few seconds later, I
heard a horrible howl and realized that there were wolves in the forest. I was beginning to
wish I (4) _________ stayed at the village inn and waited until morning before continuing
with my journey, but I had been hoping to reach the castle just after eleven – no later than
mid-night. In his letter, Count Dracula had said he (5) _________ wait up till I arrived. I rode
on. (6) _________ a while, I came to a fork in the road. On my left, through the trees, I could
see the castle. Excited, I took the road (7) _________ led to Dracula’s castle. Soon, I was
outside the gate. I knocked and waited. After a few seconds, I heard a key turning. The door
(8) _________ and I saw him. “Good evening” he said “Come in, we have been waiting for
you. We’ll have some wine and after that I’ll show you to your room.” I made polite
conversation with the Count for an hour or so and (9) _________ I was shown upstairs. I was
so tired I slept till midday the (10) _________ day.
1. day/ afternoon 2. to 3. in 4. had 5. would 6. After 7. that/which 8. opened 9. finally/ then 10.
next/ following
Part 4: You are going to read a magazine article about friendship. Seven sentences have
been removed from the article.
Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A. They spent all their weekends together, and several evenings a week too .
B. There is much less time each day and each week to 'feed' the friendship, to prevent it from
dying.
C. For one production, she and another woman called Carol had to work very closely together
on the script.
D. It's actually very difficult to sustain this number of friends into adulthood.
E. Because of this, I'm now much more careful about the friends I choose.
F. They enjoy each other's company while they're working together, but they don't really
socialize outside of the working environment.
G. Real friends are actually incredibly hard to find.
H. For this way of viewing friendship to be successful, it requires both people in the
relationship to feel the same way about the other person.
A FRIEND IN NEED...
It's fairly easy to define what a relative is. It's a person you're biologically related to, or who
has married someone you are biologically related to, or has been adopted, for example, by
someone you're biologically related to. In short, it's someone in your family. It's not quite so
easy to define what a friend is.
On an obvious level, our friends are people who are not family members whose company we
enjoy. However, what about two people who work closely together in an office? 0. ....F... Are
they friends, or just colleagues? And consider two people who were best friends at school, but
haven't been in contact with each other for over twenty 'years. Are they still friends? Or should
we say they used to be friends but aren't any more?
'So what?', you might say. 'Perhaps friendship is tricky to define, but that doesn't matter. If you
think you're friends with someone then you are, but if you don't then you're not.' In many
cases, that might be a good general rule, but there are potential problems with it.
1. ................. There are countless examples of relationships where that doesn't happen.
Take Jane, for example. She joined an amateur dramatics club, which puts on plays two or
three times a year. 2.................... They met several times a week, and frequently called each
other on the phone. As Jane says: 'I enjoyed working with Carol, and we got on well together.
It was really difficult when we'd finished the play, though. Carol still wanted to meet up and
chat regularly. I didn't, mainly because I just didn't have time. I've got a family and a busy
social life, and I wasn't looking for any more close friends. How do you tell someone who
thinks they're your close friend that really they're not?'
A further problem is the issue of 'fair-weather friends'. These are people who you consider to
be your friends, but prove themselves not to be when things get tough. Jake, for example,
thought that Dave was a really close friend. 3................. They both shared an interest in
movies, and had the same sense of humour. 'Everything was great,' says Jake, 'until my mother
became ill. It was a troubling time for me, and I got a bit depressed. I needed Dave to give me
some support, but he wasn't interested. He just disappeared.' What Jake needed, and what
Dave was not, was the kind of friend referred to in the saying 'a friend in need is a friend
indeed'. The idea behind this is that if you are still the friend of someone when they are 'in
need', when they need something such as help from you, then you are a real friend. You're not
a 'fair-weather friend'. 4...................... Most adults say that they only have two or three real
friends - people they can totally rely on in difficult times.
At school, children and teenagers often have one or two 'best friends' I but they also have a
wide circle of other friends - twenty or thirty is not uncommon. 5. ....................... The main
reasons for this are time and shared experience. Children see their friends every day (during
term time) and have plenty of opportunity to 'feed' the friendship - in class, during the breaks,
after school. Also, of course, all the members of the group live close together, and have a
shared interest (the school and what happens there). With adults, this is rarely possible.
6...................... And, of course, people move apart geographically when they grow up, and
lose the sense of a shared interest when they start working in different fields, or spending their
time in different ways. Very few of our friends from school remain real, close friends twenty
years later
1. H 2. C 3. A 4. G 5. D 6. B
Fill in each blank with a suitable particle or preposition
1. What a mess! Sam’s toys haven’t been put ________
2. I must warn you that if you have anything to say, it’ll be taken ________ and may be used
in evidence against you.
3. Cheques should be made __________ to Wellington
4. I’m in no hurry. I’ll hang __________here until you are ready.
5. The little boy’s ear stuck__________ from under his school cap.
6. I am Polish ________birth, but I have French nationality.
7. Your plan doesn’t allow __________ changes in the weather.
8. How are you ___________ for work?
9. He muttered a few words and __________ that he left.
10. _________its new conductor, the orchestra has established an international reputation.
1. away 2. down 3. out 4. around 5. out 6. by 7. for 8. off 9. with 10. under

There are 10 mistakes in the following passage. Find and correct them
In countries where two or more languages are spoken, language is frequently a political and
highly emotive issue. Although Canada is officially bilingual, the French – speaking province
of Quebec introduced the law in 1976 which, in other measures, banned languages rather than
French on commercial signs and restricted admissions to English speaking schools. In 1988,
the supreme court of Canada rules that some in sections of this law were illegal. No sooner
had they done so than thousands of French speakers took to the street protest. Under the
regime of General Franco, a Basque language spoken by about 600,000 people in Spain was
forbidden. So strict was this ban that people using Basque in public could be imprisoned.
Lingual suppression still goes on, but on the whole, governments today are more tolerable of
their minority languages. Nowhere has this reverse of attitudes been more pronounced than in
Wales. Until the twentieth century, Welsh was all along illegal, and its usage was forbidden in
schools and at many places of work. Only a long campaign of protests and vandalism by
Welsh speakers in the 1960s did the British government allow Welsh to become an official
language.

There are 10 mistakes . Find and correct them (1 point)(01 x 10 = 1 point)

1. a law  the law 2. in other  among other 3. rather than  other than
4. a Basque  the Basque 5. lingual  linguistics 6. tolerate  tolerant
7. reverse  reversal 8. Along  but 9. usage  use 10. protests  protest
WRITING
Part 1.Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has a similar
meaning to the original one. You must not change the word given.
1. There is no point in waiting any longer. He’s not going to come. (WORTH)
→ It ___________________________________________________________.
2. They said he wasn’t tall enough to play basketball in the national team. (TOO)
→ According ____________________________________________________.
3. The number of students applying for our scholarship has increased dramatically.
(INCREASE)
→ There has ____________________________________________________.
. “Many thanks for your timely support”, said Jenny to the man. (GRATITUDE)
→ Jenny _______________________________________________________.
5. He was so angry that he was lost for words. (ANGER)
→ Such was ____________________________________________________.
6. She does not want to be involved in the scandal caused by her husband’s remarks.
(DISTANCE)
→ She ………………………………………………………………………………
7. It wasn’t my intention to upset you. (MEAN)
→ I ……………………………...................................................................
8. We won’t get to the airport in less than 30 minutes. (LEAST)
→ It will ..........................................................................................................
9. I tried the talk to Jack about the problem but he was too busy. (WORD)
→ I tried to ...........................................................................................................
10. We cannot make any comparison with her sacrifice. (COMPARED)
→ Nothing………………………………………………………………………….…
1. It is not worth waiting any longer. He’s not going to come.
2. According to them, he was too short to play basketball in the national team.
3. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of students applying for our scholarship.
4. Jenny expressed her gratitude to the man for his timely support/ for the man’s timely
support.
5. Such was his anger that he was lost for words.
6. She wants to distance hersefl from the scandal caused by her husband’s remarks
7. I did not mean to upset you
8. It will take us at least 30 minutes to get to the airport.
9. I tried to have a word with Jack about the problem but he was too busy.
10. Nothing can be compared with her sacrifice.
Part 2: Rewrite the following sentence in such a way that they mean almost the same as
the ones printed before them.
1.I don’t suppose you have change for a pound, do you?
→ Do you happen……………………………………………………………?
2. She insisted on a full apology.
→ Nothing but…………………………………………………………………
3. House prices have risen dramatically this year.
→ There has ......................................................................................................
4. Whatever the methods used to obtain the result, drugs were definitely not involved.
→ There was no question……………………………………………………..
5. I wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
→ It came ......................................................................................
6. The storm completely wiped out all my crops.
→ I have ......................................................................................................................
7. The fire led to the setting up of a public enquiry.
→ As a ......................................................................................................................
8. Vitamin intake and intelligence are not connected.
→ There ....................................................................................................................
9. He suddenly thought that he might have misunderstood her.
→ It crossed ..............................................................................................................
10. His wife keeps telling him that he should get a better job.
→ His wife is pushing .............................................................................
1. Do you happen to have change for a pound?
2. Nothing but a full apology would satisfy her/was accepted
3. There has been a dramatic rise/increase in the house prices this year.
4. There was no question of drugs being involved whatever the methods used to obtain the
result.
5. It came as no surprise to me to hear that Karen had changed her job.
6. → I have had all my crops completely wiped out by the storm.
7. → As a result of the fire, a public enquiry was set up.
8. → There is no connection between vitamin intake and intelligence.
9. → It crossed his mind that he might have misunderstood her.
10. → His wife is pushing him to get a better job.
Part2.
Write an essay within 250 words on the following topic.
“Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication such as
letters, emails, or telephone calls.”
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Use specific reasons and details to
support your answer.