NAME: Naufal Wahyu Fendika

NIM : 31101900067

SOAL UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GASAL TA 2020/2021

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNISSULA
MATA KULIAH Kedokteran
: Bahasa Inggris PRODI :
(sks) Gigi
Destary Praptawati,
DOSEN : KELAS/SEM : -/ 3
S.S., M.Hum
Senin/ 1 Februari
HARI/TANGGAL : RUANG : Online
2021
JAM MULAI / 08.10 – 09.25/
: SIFAT UJIAN : Close Book
WAKTU 75 menit

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON THIS TEST SHEET and

REMEMBER TO:

- Not copy and paste your friend’s answer

- Not copy and paste from any sources/ references you found
- Read, understand and answer the questions by yourself

*Any forms of cheating will cause your score to be deducted*

1. Read the following abstract of the journal and answer the questions:

Oral health behaviours of children are formulated from a very young age. Formation of
those behaviours among very young children is dependent on their mothers/caregivers
who may themselves require support from the health profession or laypersons. The study
investigated if early life visits for check-up and dental advice and perceived support
improved oral health behaviours as practiced by mothers of toddlers aged 24–30 months
old. Data from a population-base birth cohort study in South Australia was used. The
study recruited and followed mothers of newborn children from birth to age 24–30
months. Parental questionnaires collected information about socioeconomic factors, dental
visiting patterns, and oral health behaviours as practiced by the mothers for their child.
Self-reported putting a child to bed with a bottle and brushing a child’s teeth were the
outcome variables. The two main exposures of this study were (1) early visiting for a
dental advice, and (2) layperson support that a mother received in the first two years of
having the child. Data were analysed progressively from bivariate to multivariable
regression models. A total of 1183 mother/child dyads had complete data. The retained
sample was representative of the population. Approximately 36% of mothers put their
child to bed with a bottle and 26% of mothers did not brush their child’s teeth the night
before. Around 29% of children had a visit for dental check-up and 80% of mothers
reported having lay support. There were gradients in the outcome variables by
socioeconomic factors and the main exposures. Multivariable regression models reported
that having no dental visit for advice and having no lay support were associated with
1.30 and 1.21 imes higher rates of putting a child to bed with a bottle, respectively.
Having no dental visit for advice was associated with a 1.37-times higher rate of not
brushing a child’s teeth, controlling for other factors. This population-based birth cohort
 study confirmed importance of early life dental visit for check-up and support for mothers
of young children in establishing oral health behaviours of young children.

Questions:

a. What is/are the objective(s) of this study?

Answer: To tell the readers that the oral health of a child is depend on their
mother, because the kid’s lifestyle is depend on their mother. For example
some of them are brushing their kids teeth and some of them aren’t and
also some of them putting a child to bed with a bottle

b. What is/ are the research question(s) of the journal?

Answer: How does zinc work in ginggival inflammation and bleeding?

c. What is the method used in this study?

Answer: They ask questions to a mother/a child, with the number of 1183

d. What is/ are the result(s) of the conducted research in the journal?
Answer: Multivariable regression models reported that having no dental
visit for advice and having no lay support were associated with 1.30 and
1.21 imes higher rates of putting a child to bed with a bottle, respectively.
Having no dental visit for advice was associated with a 1.37-times higher
rate of not brushing a child’s teeth, controlling for other factors.

2. Read the following abstract of the journal and answer the questions:

Dentifrices containing zinc reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding better than control
dentifrices (no zinc). How zinc might work is not understood. We have shown that lysine
decarboxylase (LdcE), an enzyme from Eikenella corrodens, converts lysine to cadaverine
in dental biofilms. The lack of lysine impairs the dentally attached cell barrier to biofilm,
causing biofilm products to leak into junctional epithelium and stimulate inflammation. In
year-old beagle dogs, immunization with LdcE, induces antibodies that inhibit LdcE
activity and retard gingivitis development. We therefore examined whether a zinc-
mediated loss of LdcE activity could explain the beneficial effect of zinc dentifrices. We
grew E. corrodens in modified tryptic soy broth with or without zinc chloride, and
extracted LdcE from the cell surface using a Potter Elvehjem homogenizer. The output is
up to 0.96 mM zinc chloride in the bacterial growth medium did not change cell yield, but
reduced the extracted protein content by 41% (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.05) and LdcE activity/mg
extracted protein by 85% (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). In extracts from cells grown without
zinc, 78 times this zinc chloride concentration (73 mM) was required to reduce LdcE
activity by 75%. As the inference, Zinc ions inhibit the production of protein with LdcE
activity at E. corrodens cell surfaces. The zinc ions may attach to cysteine residues that are
unique to the N-terminal region of LdcE by interfering with the noncovalent polypeptide
assembly that produces enzyme activity. Clinical significance: Zinc ion-mediated
inhibition of LdcE assembly may provide a rationale for the improved control of gingival
inflammation by zinc dentifrices.

Questions:
 a. What is/are the objective(s) of this study?
Answer: To know that zinc-mediated loss of LdcE activity could explain
the beneficial effect of zinc dentifrices

b. What is the method used in this study?

Answer: they grew E. corrodens in modified tryptic soy broth with or
without zinc chloride, and extracted LdcE from the cell surface using a
Potter Elvehjem homogenizer
- The method used in this study is invivo with Use LdCE, an enzyme from
eikenela corrodens, convert lysine to cadaverine in dental biofilm that give
zinc ion

c. What is/ are the result(s) of the conducted research in the journal?
Answer: The output is up to 0.96 mM zinc chloride in the bacterial growth
medium did not change cell yield, but reduced the extracted protein content
by 41% (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.05) and LdcE activity/mg extracted protein by
85% (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001)

d. What is the conclusion of this study?

Answer: In extracts from cells grown without zinc, 78 times this zinc
chloride concentration (73 mM) was required to reduce LdcE activity by
75%. As the inference, Zinc ions inhibit the production of protein with
LdcE activity at E. corrodens cell surfaces. The zinc ions may attach to
cysteine residues that are unique to the N-terminal region of LdcE by
interfering with the noncovalent polypeptide assembly that produces
enzyme activity. Clinical significance: Zinc ion-mediated inhibition of
LdcE assembly may provide a rationale for the improved control of
gingival inflammation by zinc dentifrices.

3. Read the following abstract and answer the questions!

This systematic review summarized the factors that affect the success rate of a
traumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations in children. Two independent
reviewers conducted a literature search in the databases PubMed, Medline and Web of
Science until October 2019 with no initial time limit. Articles reporting on clinical
outcomes of ART restorations placed in children were included. A total of 67 articles
were included in this review reporting on clinical outcomes of ART restorations
placed in children in 47 studies. The overall estimated success rate and 95 %
confidence interval (CI) of ART restorations were 0.71 (0.65− 0.77) and 0.67 (0.56−
0.78) at the 12-month and the 24-month follow-up, respectively. Operator was one of
the significant factors associated with the success rate of ART restorations. ART
restorations placed by dental students/therapists had a significantly lower success rate
compared with those placed by dentists. Besides, type of restoration (single-surface vs.
multiple-surface restoration) was also associated with the success rate of ART
restorations. Other factors including dentition, restorative material, clinical setting, and
moisture control method had no significant influence on the success rate of ART
restorations in children. It is concluded that ART approach can be used to manage
cavitated caries lesions in children. Operator and type of restoration are significant
factors influencing the success rate of ART restorations. This study provides valuable
information on the factors that affect success rate of ART restorations in children,
which helps clinicians to make informed decisions on provision of ART restorations in
children.

Questions:

a. What are the subject and object of the research in this journal?
Answer: the subject is success rate of a traumatic restorative treatment (ART)
restorations in children, and the object is . A total of 67 articles were included in
this review reporting on clinical outcomes of ART restorations placed in children
in 47 studies

b. What is the objective of this study?

Answer: The aim of this study is provides valuable information on the factors that
affect success rate of ART restorations in children, which helps clinicians to make
informed decisions on provision of ART restorations in children.

Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘aalamiin