8/1/2014

PENGAJARAN DAN
PEMBELAJARAN
ABAD KE 21
DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
MOKHZANI FADIR
SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS (MENENGAH)
PPD LIPIS

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THE WORLD HAS CHANGED

We have moved into a
more demanding cognitive
age, compelling people to
become better at
absorbing, processing and
combining information.

Can we learn to Who might our kindergarten children

be working with on an on-the-job
change with it? project in 2025?

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GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF

THIS GENERATION

Because of globalization—the ongoing process of

intensifying economic, social, and cultural
exchanges across the planet—young people the
world over need more innovative thinking skills,
cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,
and sophisticated communication and
collaboration skills than ever before.

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A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES

“THINKING SKILLS” MORE IMPORTANT

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1900 1950 2000
Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills

http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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21 ST CENTURY WORLD
The Future World of Work

Creative Work —
• Research
• Development
• Design
• Marketing/Sales
• Global Supply Chain
Management

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills

http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120 8
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Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)

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7 survival skills in the 21st century;

1.Critical thinking and problem solving;
2.Collaboration across networks and
leading by influence;
3.Agility and adaptability;
4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;
5.Effective oral and written
communication;
6.Accessing and analyzing information;
and
7. Curiosity and imagination.
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KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM

Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiran
abad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan
dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada
peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaan
bermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,
berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,
bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran
berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan

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KURIKULUM

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Pembelajaran abad ke-20
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Pembelajaran abad ke-21
8/1/2014

Dipimpin guru Berasaskan murid

Arahan langsung Pembelajaran kolaboratif
Pengetahuan Kemahiran
Kandungan Proses
Kemahiran asas Pemikiran Aras Tinggi
Teori Praktikal
Kurikulum Kemahiran hidup
Individu Berkumpulan
Bilik darjah Komuniti
Pentaksiran sumatif Pentaksiran formatif
Belajar untuk sekolah Belajar untuk kehidupan

Keseimbangan

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“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikan

dengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yang
autentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar,
melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikan
masalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yang
penting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikan
yang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuan
dan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang sama
membolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul,
membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai
ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan dan
perkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentas
kurikulum.”

The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)

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 Standard kemahiran
8/1/2014

• Kreativiti & Inovasi

• Pemikiran Kritis dan
• Literasi Maklumat
Penyelesaian Masalah
Kemahiran belajar & • Literasi Media
• Komunikasi & Kolaborasi Inovasi • Literasi Teknologi
Maklumat & Komunikasi)

Mata pelajaran teras

Kemahiran Kemahiran
dan tema Abad ke-21
hidup & Teknologi
kerjaya Maklumat,
Komunikasi &
Media
• Kebolehsuaian &
fleksibel Menggunakan teknologi
untuk mengakses,
• Mempunyai inisiatif dan Kurikulum
terarah kendiri mengurus, mengintegrasi
dan menilai maklumat,
• Kemahiran sosial dan Standard &
menjana maklumat baru
antara budaya Pentaksiran dan berkomunikasi
• Produktiviti & dengan orang lain
akauntabiliti Pembangunan Profesional
• Tanggungjawab dan
Persekitaran Pembelajaran
kepimpinan

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 “Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21
8/1/2014

Kurikulum Teras + Tema

• Kesedaran global
• Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan
keusahawanan
• Literasi sivik
• Kesedaran Alam Sekitar
• Kesedaran tentang
aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan

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 Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21
8/1/2014

• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi

– Literasi maklumat & media
– Kemahiran berkomunikasi
• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah
– Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem
– Penyelesaian Masalah
– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka
• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri
– Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi
– Arah Kendiri
– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi
– Tanggungjawab Sosial

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Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan

Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang
dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:
– Kebolehan berkomunikasi
– Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah
– Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan
– Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah
– Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan
– Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik
– Kebolehan mengurus kendiri
– Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik
– Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat
– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )

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Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut

kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah
yang penting pada masa kini bagi
membantu pelajar untuk masa depan
mereka.

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CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN

Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal Yakin – mengambil risiko

Berkemahiran Tidak berputus asa Berdikari Dahagakan ilmu
Kritikal Kreatif Berani Mencuba Ingin tahu
Menguasai kemahiran literasi Bijak berkomunikasi Menjana idea
mampu mencorak Fleksibel Mendengar dan membuat refleksi

Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain berintegriti

Berkeperibadian tinggi Mampu berfikir sendiri Belajar dari kesilapan
Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’ Membuat perubahan

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RUANG
BILIK DARJAH
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Nair and Fielding,

“the ‘early 20th century school design

standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s
factory production methods’. Model T.”

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It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption

that a predetermined number of students will all
learn the same thing at the same time from the
same person in the same way in the same place
for several hours each day.

(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns

for 21st Century Schools
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To align
physical;
learning space
with mental
learning space

21st
century
classroom
setting Students
Developing actively
learning engaged with
autonomy their own
learning

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DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM

Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom

Allow every one to be seen and heads

Take advantage of new media

Support the dynamic presentation of information

Design for mentoring and apprenticeship

Design for temporary ownership of space

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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Campfire Watering hole Cave

Learning prom Places to learn

peers from yourself
A way to learn
from experts or
storytellers
For small group For individual study,
refelction, quiet
discourse and reading and creative
collaboration flow

Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21 st century 28

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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Watering
Campfire Cave Life
hole
Places to
Learning
learn from
prom peers Where you
yourself
A way to bring it all
learn from together and
experts or For individual apply is as in
storytellers For small the real
group study,
refelction, world
discourse quiet reading
and and creative
collaboration flow

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

1) Student-centric:
- students play an active role in their learning
and teachers serve as mere guides.
- Put students’ interests first and are focused
on each student’s needs, abilities and learning
styles.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
2 ) Computing devices:
- Computers are readily available in modern
classrooms, since they are essential tools for
21st century students and replace the utilities
of pen and paper.
- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching
and learning and make them more engaging
and effective.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
3) Active learning:
In modern classrooms, students are actively
engaged in what they learn. Students
participate in more active learning by working
in groups or on computers and complete
projects and other interesting activities that
help them discover new skills.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
4) Adaptive learning:
Any classroom will always have students of
different types of learning abilities in it which
often makes it difficult for teachers to make
sure that all of them understand the concepts.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
5) Invitational environment:
The classrooms should not be cramped or
overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have
the basic material required for teaching such
as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
6) Students understand and follow the rules
and procedures:
The learning environment is carefully planned
and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,
and notices of upcoming activities are posted
in convenient places to help students stay on
track.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
7 ) Mutual respect:
- Teachers and students should always have
respect for each other.
- teachers should encourage students to speak
with confidence and value their opinions
- students should also co-operate with and
respect their classmates.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
8) Students take responsibility of their
learning: As students are encouraged to
actively participate in their own learning, they
become responsible for their learning

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
9) Performance-based assessments:
Regular performance-based assessments are
carried out by teachers through various
methods which are not restricted to tests.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
10) Collaborative learning:
Learning through collaboration is one of the
most effective forms of learning.

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CAMPFIRE

CAVE

WATERING HOLE

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GURU

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From primary role as a dispenser of

information to orchestrator of learning
and helping students turn information into
knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.

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