ASTHMA

Asthma is an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by diffuse airway

inflammation and narrowing that occurs in response to various stimuli. A
respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing
difficulty in breathing. An important feature of asthma is that the airway
obstruction is entirely or partly reversible.

Genetics obviously plays an important role, and those born with atopy are
highly prone to develop asthma symptoms. The most common trigger of asthma
attacks is infection. Other triggers include exercise, dust, pollens, air pollution, and
cold air. Patients with allergic asthma often have attacks provoked by many
different allergens; including house dust mites, animal dander, and certain foods or
food additives. Viral infection of the respiratory tract is one of the most common
triggers of asthma attacks.

Identifying the triggers for each patient and the avoidance of these triggers
are important features of the best treatment plan. For acute asthma, the treatment
aims to decrease bronchoconstriction, reduce bronchial airway edema and increase
pulmonary ventilation.

The ultimate goal in the management of asthma is to prevent or at least

minimize future attacks by decreasing the level of airway responsiveness. Educate
patients about the avoidance of provoking agents, use of medication and
medication side effects, so they can enjoy an active and independent lifestyle.