Wireless Facility Scheduling for Data Center Network

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
The control packets in the Data Center Networks (DCNs) have to contest with the data
packets although they are usually much shorter in size and much more important in network
management. Moreover, the uneven distribution of the packets may create potential hotspots
in the DCN which could degrade network performance drastically. To bridge these gaps, a
few proposals have been put forward to construct extra wireless facilities in the DCNs to help
promote the performance of the control traffic and relieve the burden of the hotspots.
However, little attention has been paid on how to efficiently schedule the wireless facilities.

1.1 Introduction

Data Center is a pool of resources inter connected using a communication network. Data
Center network holds a important role in a Data Center, as it interconnects all the data Center
resources together. In this paper, a scheduling method is put forward which contains two steps,

1. Route calculation

2. Flow control

In the former step, a route set between each node pair is calculated in advance for later
usage. Then, arrived data and control flows are scheduled according to multiple policies based
on the given route sets in the flow scheduling step.To meet the increasing bandwidth demand
of cloud-based computation paradigms, many novel network structures, such as FatTree,
DCell, BCube , Jellyfish , PortLand, VL2, FastPass , have been presented to replace or
enhance the traditional tree-based data center networks (DCNs), whose aggregation links are
potential bottlenecks of the network and may hinder the applications’ Quality of Service

These novel architectures usually provide multiple paths between any two nodes in the
DCN. However, many of them introduce revolutionary changes to the structure like random
cabling in Jellyfish or multi-ports nodes in BCube . These solutions cannot be applied to
existing DCNs since it is very hard, if not impossible, to redesign or reassign the DCNs
without interrupting existing applications.

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 Wireless Facility Scheduling for Data Center Network

1.2 About the Seminar topic

The novel architectures usually provide multiple paths between any two nodes in the DCN.
However, many of them introduce revolutionary changes to the structure like random cabling
in Jellyfish [4] or multi-ports nodes in BCube [3]. These solutions cannot be applied to
existing DCNs since it is very hard, if not impossible, to redesign or reassign the DCNs
without interrupting existing applications. Therefore, a few proposals have been put forward
without clean-state design of the structure through introducing 60GHz wireless links or optical
links to the network which can be deployed as required between two racks or nodes within a
certain distance.

These novel DCNs which consist of both wired links as well as wireless/optics ones are
named as hybrid DCNs These augmented links are usually utilized to offer extra bandwidth to
promote the QoS of the DCN. Recent researches have revealed that HDCN can remarkably
reduce the number of cables and switches in the DCN and thus can reduce not only
equipment costs but also server installation and reconfiguration costs.

1.3 Outline of seminar

• CHAPTER 1 introduces the data center network.

• CHAPTER 2 lists the Related work.

• CHAPTER 3 explains the concept 60GHz wireless Technology.

• CHAPTER 4 explains the methodology.

• CHAPTER 5 describes the simulation.

• CHAPTER 6 provides the Results.

• CHAPTER 7 is the last phase that includes conclusion.

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 Wireless Facility Scheduling for Data Center Network

CHAPTER 2
RELATED WORK
To enhance the performance of the traditional DCNs, a few proposals have been
proposed based on introducing wireless links or facilities to the data centers.In reference [9], a
wireless facilities network named ANGORA is presented, which can provide robust paths
decoupled from the wired network, and flexibility to adapt to workloads and network
dynamics. In ANGORA, a wired data plane is in charge of switching data packets while the
wireless facilitates deliver control traffic only.

Halperin et al. have explored using 60GHz wireless technology to relieve hotspots in
oversubscribed data center (DC) networks [10]. By experimenting with prototype equipment,
they have shown that the DC environment is well suited to the deployment of 60 GHz links
contrary to concerns about interference and link reliability. The 60GHz radio is named
wireless flyways which is equipped on every rack. The improvement has been testified by
analyzing production traces of DC traffic for four real applications.

Cui et al. have presented a novel DCN architecture, Diamond, which nests the wired
DCN with radios equipped on all servers [13]. To harvest the gain allowed by the rich
reconfigurable wireless resources, they proposed the low-cost deployment of scalable 3D
Ring Reflection Spaces (RRSs) which are interconnected with streamlined wired herringbone
to enable large number of concurrent wireless transmissions through high-performance multi-
reflection of radio signals over metal.

Besides, there are a few proposals which introduce optical links and switches in to the
DCNs to construct an optical/electricity switch structure. Aktas et al. have put forward
WiCOD, which relies on a wireless control plane serving an all-optical data plane [11]. In
reference [12], Hamedazimi have presented FireFly, an inter-rack network solution using
free-space optics (FSO) that pushes DC network design to the extreme on three key fronts,
i.e. :

(1) all links are reconfigurable

(2) all links are wireless and

(3) non top-of-rack switches are eliminated altogether.

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 Wireless Facility Scheduling for Data Center Network

CHAPTER 3
CONCEPTS
3.1 60GHz Wireless Technology

License-free 60GHz radios can achieve multi-gigabit Radio Frequency (RF) links
using the allocated sufficient spectrum. Moreover, the very narrow beam associated with
60GHz radios enables multiple 60GHz radios to be easily and accurately installed by a
non-expert installer on the same roof top or mast, even if they are all operated at the same
transmitting and receiving frequencies.

However, 60GHz signals can be absorbed by the Oxygen. This attribute limits the
coverage of 60GHz links.In the same time, compared with other wireless technologies, it
also includes some interference and security advantages. In a word, these unique
characteristics make 60GHz wireless technology suitable for short-to-medium distance,
high-bandwidth applications. TP-LINK has unveiled the first 802.11ad wireless router
named Talon AD7200 which works at the 60GHz spectrum at Consumer Electronics Show
(CES) 2016. This router can cumulatively transfer data at the rate of 7133Mbps [16].

In the DCNs, 60GHz radios are usually installed on the top of the racks and
connected to the ToR switches. The quantity needed of radio depends on the size of the
rack. For example, today’s standard rack is 4ftx2ft and a 60GHz radio is 1ftx1ft [8], so at
most 8 radios can sit atop each rack. Because 60GHz links are highly directional, each
rack can only communicate with a small, constant number of peers in parallel.

Figure 1.60GHz inter-rack wireless link

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 Wireless Facility Scheduling for Data Center Network

To efficiently utilize the available space while reducing the interference among the 60GHz
wireless links, three typical 60GHz wireless links (as shown in Figure 1) can be built in the
DC:

1. Direct Wireless Link. Two 60GHz radios deployed at neighbor racks can directly
establish a LOS 60GHz wireless link.

2. Raised Wireless Link. A raised radio can establish a wireless link with another raised
radio with the same height.

3. 3D Beamforming Link. Two radios can build a wireless link through the reflector
(mirror) deployed on the ceiling.

Here, all these three link types are adopted. As long as there is no barrier between two
racks and their distance is less than some particular distance, there could be a potential
wireless link between them. Then, a few wireless links can be built between the racks. All the
wireless links make up a Wireless Flyway Network (WFN) in the DCN.

3.2. Problem Formualtion

Based on the topology of the DCN, we can calculate a set of feasible routes for each
pair of nodes. Note that, these sets can be obtained in advance since the topology is relatively
static in DCN. After obtaining these sets, we can schedule the given set of flows
{f1,f2,…,fn}.Therefore, with a given DCN topology and a number of flows, the following
step is to calculate the route sets and then decide the routes for each flow.

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