MA Preparation’s Course

Language is the method humans use to communicate with each other, often involving
words and symbols used consciously by a group in a structured or conventional way.
Languages can be spoken, signed and/or written.
Speech is the expression of thoughts and feelings by humans through articulated sounds
that come out of our mouths and noses. Speech is one way that we express language.
A sign language is a formal, agreed-upon set of movements used to replace spoken
language.
Gestures in general—such as rolling the eyes, shrugging, or flipping the bird—are less
formal and don't have a systematized set of meanings
Based on Longman Exams dictionary:
- "Gesture" is defined as a movement of part of your body, especially your
hands or head, to show what you mean or how you feel.
- "sign language": a language that uses hand movements instead of spoken words, used
by people who cannot hear well.

Metaphor A form of a figurative language which refer to words or expressions that mean
something different from their literal meaning. E.g. that test was murder. A metaphor
makes a comparison by stating that one thing is something else, but a Simile states that one
thing is like something else.
Plagiarism the process or practice of using another
person's ideas or work and pretending that it is your own / Plagiarism is the representation
of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.
Implicit (Tacit) knowledge is knowledge that is gained through incidental activities, or
without awareness that learning is occurring. Some examples of implicit knowledge are
knowing how to walk, run, ride a bicycle, or swim / knowledge that you do not get from
being taught, or from books, etc. but get from personal experience,
for example when working in a particular organization.
Explicit knowledge is knowledge  that can be expressed in words, numbers
and symbols and stored in books, computers, etc. Explicit knowledge can
be articulated and easily communicated between individuals and organizations.

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 MA Preparation’s Course

Adjective Phrase

The trick to identifying an adjective phrase is to look at the first word within the group of words.
If the first word is an adverb or a preposition, there’s a good chance you’re looking at an
adjective phrase. An adjective phrase can be formed out of an intensifier and an adjective. An
example might be: The dazzlingly beautiful woman walked down the street.

- The house that is so beautiful sits atop the hill.

- The dog that seems very angry barks all day long.
- The very small kitten jumped at the big dog.
- The cost of the car was way too high.
- The man covered with sweat trudged his way home.
- Something in the corner was moving.
- The big bug under the blanket is coming toward me.
- She wanted to paint her room lemony yellow.
- My new kitten makes me very happy.
- I sometimes pity people living in large cities.
- We are collecting money for children born with heart defects.
- They were proud of the team that made it to the final.

An adverb phrase is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a
sentence. Just as an adverb can modify a verb, adjective or another adverb, an adverb phrase of
more than one word can further describe a verb, adverb, or adjective.

Adverb Phrases Show How, Where, Why, When: A simple adverb phrase usually contains
an adverb and at least one other word before or after it, though a prepositional phrase
or infinitive phrase can also act as an adverbial.

Adverb phrases can be used in any position in a sentence.

- Bob nodded like a bubblehead.

- Meet me at the mall later this evening.
- Without thinking, he turned down the road.
- She went online for more information.
- I will not do that, never in a million years!
- They have a house right by the ocean.
- She slammed the door in a huff.