Audit Program For inventories and cost of goods sold.

       The following are the procedures typically performed by auditors to achieve

the objectives:

A. Consider internal control over inventories and cost of goods sold (test of control)

1.  Obtain an understanding of internal control over inventories and cost of goods sold.    

   The understanding of internal control enables auditors to be familiar with   procedures

for:

 - Purchasing                           - controlling productions

 - Receiving                             - Cost accounting systems
 - Storing                                 - Perpetual inventory systems
 - Issuing goods                       - Other related matters

Questions that may be asked by auditors in consideration of control over inventory and cost
of goods sold may include (for perpetual inventory systems)

 Are perpetual inventory records made for each class of inventory?

 Are perpetual inventory records verified by physical inventories at least once each
year?
 Do the procedures for physical inventory include the use of prenumbered tags with
all tags numbers accounted for?
 Are differences between perpetual inventory records and physical count investigated
before the perpetual records are adjusted?
 Is a separate purchasing department responsible for the purchase of a material
supplies and equipment?
 Does a separate receiving department process all incoming shipments?
 Are all materials supplies held in the custody of a stores department and issued only
upon receipt of properly approved requisitions?

2.  Assess control risk and design additional tests of controls for inventories and cost of
goods sold.
Based upon their understanding, auditors determine the planned assessed level of
control risk for various financial statement assertions.

3.   Perform additional tests of controls for those controls which auditors plan to
consider supporting their planned assessed levels of control risk for example:
a. Examine significant aspects of a sample of purchase transactions such as:
 select a sample of purchase transactions.
 Examine the purchase acquisitions or other authorizations for each
purchase transactions in the sample.
 Examine related vendors invoices, receiving reports and paid checks for each
purchase orders in the supplies.
  Inspects vender’s invoices for approval of prices, freight, credits terms and   
accounts distributions and recomputed extensions and footings.
 Compare quantities and prices in the invoices, purchase orders and receiving
reports.
 Trace postings from vouchers register to general ledgers and to any applicable
subsidiary ledgers.

b. Test the accounting systems such as cost accounting systems for direct
materials, direct labors, manufacturing overhead costs i.e., as to whether the
systems accumulate actual or standard cost according to process, job, or other
costing systems.

4. Reassess control risk for the financial statements assertions about inventories and cost of
goods sold and modify substantive tests based on information about weakness and
strength of the control systems.

B. Perform substantive tests of inventories and cost of goods sold transaction and balance.

The objective of major substantive testing procedures of inventories and cost of goods sold
balances are given in the following table.

Audit Procedures Assertions

 Obtain listing of inventory and reconcile to ledgers 

 Observe the taking of physical inventory and make test counts Existence or
 Confirm inventories in public warehouse and with consignees. Occurrence
 Evaluate the client’s planning of physical inventory.

 Review the year end cut- cut off purchase and sales transactions. Test numerical
sequence of inventory purchase requisition.
 Obtain a copy of the completed physical inventory and test its accuracy Review entries
to cost of goods sold.
 Perform analytical procedures on items such as:  Completeness

 Gross profit rate over the periods   

 Inventory turnover
 Number of days sales in inventory

 Make inquiries of management regarding inventory ownership and examine Rights and
consignment agreement. Obligations

 Evaluate the bases and methods of inventory pricing Valuation or

 Allocation
 Vouch and test the pricing of inventories
 Check inventory for quality and/or obsolescence.

 Determine whether any inventories have been pledged and review commitments.
Presentation and
 Evaluate financial statements presentation of inventories and cost of goods sold,
disclosure
including the adequacy disclosure