MANGLA DAM

The Mangla Dam (Urdu: ‫ )منگال بند‬is a multipurpose dam situated

on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, Pakistan. It is the seventh-largest dam in the world. The
village of Mangla, which sits at the mouth of the dam, serves as
its namesake. In November 1961, the project's selected
contractors were revealed; it was announced that Binnie &
Partners, a British engineering firm, were going to serve as the
lead designers, engineers and inspectors for construction of the
dam (led by Geoffrey Binnie). The project was undertaken by a
consortium known as the Mangla Dam Contractors, which
consisted of eight American construction firms sponsored by
the Guy F. Atkinson Company based in South San
Francisco, California.

The Mangla Dam was the first of the two dams constructed to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the
irrigation system of the country as part of the Indus Basin Project, with the other being the Tarbela
Dam situated on the Indus River in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

COST

The Mangla Dam was constructed at a cost of ₨15.587 billion (US$1.473 billion) with funding being
provided by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank

RESERVOIR

The dam was constructed between 1961 and 1965 across the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad
Jammu and Kashmir, about 108 kilometres (67 mi) southeast of the capital city of Islamabad. The Mangla
Dam components include a reservoir, main embankment, intake embankment, main spillway, emergency
spillway, intake structures, 5 tunnels and a power station. Besides the main dam, a dyke called Sukian –
17,000 feet in length and a small dam called Jari Dam to block the Jari Nala – about 11 miles beyond the
new Mirpur town had to be constructed.
 TARBELA DAM

Tarbela Dam (Urdu: ‫بند‬ ‫)تربیال‬ is an earth-filled

dam along the Indus River in Pakistan's Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province. Located in the Haripur mainly
and in some area of Swabi of the province,[2] the dam is
about 30 km (20 mi) from the city of Swabi, 105 km
(65 mi) northwest of Islamabad, and 125 km (80 mi)
east of Peshawar. It is the largest earth-filled dam in the
world, and also the largest dam by structural volume.

The dam was completed in 1976 and was designed to

store water from the Indus River for irrigation, flood
control, and the generation of hydroelectric power. The
dam is 143 metres (470 ft) high above the riverbed. The
dam's reservoir, Tarbela Lake, has a surface area of
approximately 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi).

Tarbela Dam was constructed as part of the Indus Basin Project after signing of the 1960 Indus Waters
Treaty between India and Pakistan. The mid-1970s, power generation capacity was added in three
subsequent hydro-electrical project extensions which were completed in 1992, installing a total of 3,478
MW generating capacity.

FINANCING:
The project's cost was initially estimated to be $928 million, but the cost was revised downwards to $651
million. The World Bank had agreed to provide an $840 million loan for the project in June 2013.

The loan had two components: The first is a $400 million International Development Association
loan which will be lent as a concessional loan at low interest rates.[29] The second portion consists of a $440
million from the World Bank's International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Pakistan's Water
and Power Development Authority was to provide the remaining $74 million required for construction,
before the project's cost was downwardly revised by $277 million. Interest costs for the loans are estimated
to cost $83.5 million. Because of revised lower costs to $651 million from $928 million, the World Bank
permitted Pakistani officials to expedite completion of the project by 8 months at a cost of an additional
$51 million. Pakistani officials were also permitted to divert $126 million towards.
 WARSAK DAM

Warsak Dam was completed under the Colombo

Plan in two phases and financed by the Canadian
Government. The first phase was completed in
1960 and consisted of the construction of the dam.
Irrigation tunnels and installation of four power
generating units, each of 40 MW capacity with
132 kV transmission system, were also completed
in 1960. Two additional generating units of 41.48
MW capacity each were added in 1980-81 in the
second phase.

ON WHICH RIVER:Warsak Dam (‫ ;د ورسک بند‬Urdu: ‫ )ورسک ڈیم‬is a mass concrete gravity dam located
on the Kabul River in the Valley of Peshawar, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar in
the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

FINANCING:

Germany will loan 40 million euros to Pakistan for the rehabilitation of the Warsak hydroelectric power
station built over half a century ago on Kabul River in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to Water and
Power Development Authority, this is the second time that Warsak hydroelectric power station will be
renovated. They plan to overcome several problems, including regaining the capacity loss of 30MW with
reliable annual energy generation of 1,144GWh, upgrade and modernize the old system, and achieve
another life cycle of 30 to 40 years. The current rehabilitation work will be financed
by Germany, France and the European Union. Extension is being planned. Germany and France will loan
40 million euros each to Pakistan for the rehabilitation of the Dam. The total cost of the project is euro
162m and it is being co-financed with the German Development Bank (KfW), European Investment
Bank (EIB), French Agency for Development (AFD) and Pakistan government contributions.