Palestine Technical University – Kadoori.

Faculty of Engineering and Technology.

Department of Building Engineering.
Strength Of material Laboratory.

"Instruction Manual"

Tension & compressive strength test

Instructor: Eng. Mohammad Abbas

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Objective
Part1
✓ draw stress strain diagram.
✓ Determine modules of Elasticity of steel.
✓ Determine passion ratio of steel.

Part 2
✓ Analyze the characteristic of coil spring and measure its rate.

Equipment’s
Part 1
✓ strain gauge trainer.

Figure 1: strain gauge trainer.

✓ Hanger.

Figure 2: hanger with mass.

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 ✓ Digital strain display.

Figure 3: Digital strain display.

Part 2
✓ Universal testing machine.

Figure 4: Universal testing machine.

✓ Coil spring.

Figure 5: coil spring.

✓ Loud meter.

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Theory
Part 1
𝑃
𝜎 = 𝐴 which
(𝜎) normal stress in KN/mm^2.
(p) applied loud in KN.
(A) Cross sectional area of specimen in mm^2.
𝜎
Calculated 𝜀 =
𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙

Figure 6: Stress strain diagram.

𝜀 𝑙𝑎𝑡
𝜇 = 𝜀 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 which

(𝜇) passion ratio.

(𝜀 𝑙𝑎𝑡) 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.
(𝜀 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔) 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.
∆𝐵
𝜀 𝑙𝑎𝑡 =
𝐵
∆𝐿
𝜀 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 =
𝐿
𝜇 theoretical (Steel) = 0.32 − 0.34
PART 2
𝐹
𝑘 =𝛥 which
𝐾𝑁
k is the spring constant (𝑚𝑚).

F is the applied force (KN).

𝛥 is the extension of the spring (mm).

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Figure 7: Force and extension curve (spring rate).

𝑑4 ∗ 𝐺
𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = (𝑁/𝑚𝑚).
8 ∗ 𝑛 ∗ 𝐷3
d is the inner diameter of spring.
D is the outer diameter of spring.
n is the number of coils in spring.
G is the shear modules of spring materials.

Procedure
Part 1

✓ Use the vernier caliper to measure the dimensions of the specimen (its width and
thickness).
✓ connect the red and yellow gauges of the tension system to the strain display as half
bridge (opposite), set ACT =2.
✓ press and hold the “zero” button until the display readings become zero.
✓ Fit the large weight hanger to the bottom of the tension system spacemen, the large
weight hanger is 500 g.
✓ Add 0.5 kg to the weight hanger to give a total loud of 1 kg, record strain value.
✓ Add more weights in the weight hanger in 1 kg steps, until you reach 10 kg, note the
strain reading into your table.

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Part 2
✓ Use the vernier caliper to measure the dimensions of the coil spring.

✓ Connect up and switch on the DL1 Digital Loud Meter, and allow it to warm up the strain
gauges in the force sensors.

✓ Use the pump to lower the arm.

✓ Fit the spring bosses to the upper and lower parts of the compression test area.

✓ Put the spring onto the bottom boss and use your pump to slowly raise the arm until the
bosses hold the spring securely.

✓ Slide the whole assembly up the column until the magnet clumps underneath the loading
platform hold the display carefully and adjust the assembly to give at least 60 mm
upward movement.

✓ On the digital loud meter, press the button to zero display.

✓ Use the pump to raise the arm slowly to remove the looseness in the spring, while you do
this, watch the loud meter display and stop when the meter just begins to register a
preload force “no more than 0.5 KN) Re-zero the loud meter.

✓ fit the guard around the test area.

✓ In step of 0.5 KN, to a maximum of 3 KN, Increase the arm force slowly -never decrees
the force, as your result become wrong, at each step record the loud.

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Data and calculation
Part 1
Gauge factor:
Specimen dimension (width and thickness):
Specimen cross-section
young’s modulus

Mass (Kg) Force (N) Calculated Calculated Displayed Displayed

tensile strain tensile tensile strain tensile strain
stress(N/mm^2) long (𝝁𝜺) lateral (𝝁𝜺)
1 9.81
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Part 2
Spring type:
Number of coils:
Initial(unloaded) length:
Wire diameter:
Force (KN) Displacement (mm)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3

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 𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑜−𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑝
percent difference in E = ∗ 100%.
𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑜

𝜇 𝑡ℎ𝑜−𝜇 𝑒𝑥𝑝
percent difference in 𝜇 = ∗ 100%.
𝜇 𝑡ℎ𝑜

𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑜−𝑘 𝑒𝑥𝑝
percent difference in k = ∗ 100%.
𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑜

Note
1 𝜇𝜀 = 10 −6 meter.

E theoretical for mild steel = 207 Gpa.

Result and conclusion

What is the relationship between stress and stain?

Dose the temperature affects in result on tension test?

How does the theoretical strain compare your displayed readings?

Dose number of coil effects on spring constant?

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