PowerSTIM

Well optimization service

 find theapproach
that works >>
The oil and gas industry is constantly evolving;

we are always looking for a better way to get the

job done. The best tools and methods are the

ones that fit your business needs. That is why we

develop solutions with you—not just for you.

Your local knowledge is combined with our

multidisciplinary industry expertise and the

most advanced technologies in the business.

Together, our combined team develops work-

flows that fit wherever you need them, anywhere

in the world, resulting in decisions that work for

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>> together
we can
PowerSTIM
Well optimization service
Turning reservoir specifics into
stimulation solutions
Need for stimulation optimization
Stimulation is a major expense in many well
completions. Each year more than 20,000 wells
worldwide are hydraulically fractured. At a cost
exceeding $2 billion—an average of $100,000 per
well—the results often barely justify the expense.
It is estimated that two-thirds of these wells do
not respond as expected and fail to meet objectives,
and that fewer than 1% of fracturing treatments are
optimized to maximize production and recovery.
Instead, the tendency is to rely on acid or proppant
fracturing treatments that have always been per-
formed the same way in a particular area—the
one-size-fits-all approach—or to base treatments
on estimates of average reservoir properties, which
may result in hydraulic fractures of insufficient
length and width with excessive vertical height.
Service optimizes treatments
The PowerSTIM* well optimization service takes a
fit-for-purpose solution-oriented approach that has
proved effective in a broad range of reservoir types.
Stimulation treatment design and execution are
customized to the specific conditions in the well or
field, based on detailed, accurate formation evalua-
tion and modeling by a multidisciplinary team of
client and Schlumberger experts. Based on the
PowerSTIM team's analysis, treatment options such
as acid treatments, fracture treatments, or sand
management will be considered. The knowledge
gained from each stimulation treatment is used
to improve the next, in a continuous, closed-loop
process that reduces costs, maximizes production
and increases recovery.
Applications
■ Optimizing profitability in both high-productivity
conventional reservoirs and low-permeability
heterogeneous, layered reservoirs
■ Improving performance of marginal fields
■ Overcoming completion problems or failures
■ Reengineering completions to maintain or
exceed past production at economically
justifiable costs
Benefits
■ Increased production
■ Improved profitability
■ Greater return on stimulation investment
■ Reduced completion and production costs
■ Shorter learning curve over fewer wells
■ Greater understanding of well performance
■ Access to Schlumberger experts worldwide
■ Knowledge gained for improving future wells
Features
■ Proprietary workflow process
■ Multidisciplinary team
■ Real-time monitoring and communication
■ Integration of best-in-class Schlumberger
services
■ Value creation through collaboration
■ Continually updated informed decision report
(IDR)
■ Basin-specific reservoir and completion models
■ Advanced software programs for stimulation
optimization
 The PowerSTIM
process >>
The first step in the PowerSTIM process is forming the
team, which normally is made up of geoscientists, reser-
voir and production engineers, and stimulation designers.
Initially, the team concentrates on a small group of
wells—typically three to five, depending on field and
reservoir complexity.
After collecting and analyzing all available data, the
team uses the information to build a customized model
that describes geology and reservoir dynamics. This
model, which accurately predicts key parameters and
forecasts production, is used to design optimized treat-
ments for the first group of wells.

PowerSTIM elements
Treatment selection
Field data review Well analysis and completion design

Geologic considerations Geologic considerations Select treatment

■ Review depositional envi-
ronment
■ Review structure and
stratigraphy
■ Review geological model
■ Develop local interpreta-
tion models
Reservoir considerations
■ Review offset well data
■ Understand reservoir
performance
■ Improve reservoir profiles
(e.g., stress, permeability)
■ Develop Mechanical Earth
Model (MEM)
■ Review log and core data
■ Understand effects of
depositional, structural
and stratigraphic models
Reservoir considerations
■ Apply improved reservoir
profiles (e.g., stress, perme-
ability, oil, gas, water)
■ Provide improved 3D data set
for stimulation design
■ Finalize prefracture reservoir
characterization
■ Design and analyze pressure
buildup test
■ Analyze production data
(pressure and rate)
■ Material balance
■ Make performance forecasts
■ Perforation optimization
■ Matrix acid
■ Acid or proppant fracture
■ Sand or water management
■ Well architecture
Completion design
■ Recommend perforation
interval
■ Design DataFRAC* services
■ Optimize casing and tubulars
■ Revise performance forecast
■ Design production or artificial
lift systems
■ Evaluate technology options
 After these treatments are executed according to
design, the PowerSTIM team evaluates the results and
uses them to update the model, which is then used to
optimize the next group of completions. The updated
model often is available to decision-makers within a
few hours after the evaluation is finished.
Performance
driven >>

Stimulation design
and execution Analysis and optimization

Treatment design Treatment analysis

■ Run appropriate laboratory ■ Analyze post-treatment data
tests ■ Perform post-treatment
■ Use improved reservoir profiles production data analysis
■ Use CADE software suite ■ Design and analyze post-
■ Calculate net present values treatment pressure transient
(NPVs) of design options test
■ Optimize stimulation ■ Update reservoir and
completion model
■ Use interpretation models and
expertise
Optimization
On-site execution ■ Incorporate results into next
completion design
■ Perform quality assurance and
quality control ■ Improve reservoir and
completion model accuracy
■ Ensure design criteria are met
■ Reduce cycle time and well
■ Supervise implementation of
costs
pumping schedule
■ Optimize production
■ Analyze diagnostic tests
■ Monitor job in real-time

Processed Logs - Elan, FracHITE

10400 10400

ons t
ction Soluti ion Repor
s & Produ ed Decis 10450 10450

Completion IDR - Inform

PowerSTIM
IDR
Sample
10500 10500

Company: : Any State:

Well Name All d.
justifie
Field: Jack ically
if econom
County:
GL:
Date: 10400
DF:
Well Location:
: KB:
Elevations
API Number: Name:
Contact: Email:
Phone:
the current ir model
e is to assess the reservo tivity 10450
Objectiv TIM project against conduc
PowerS ion results for fracture
e of thiseness. Productparameters
The objectiv
ion effectiv the design met.
completts indicate that are not being
forecas half length
and fracture
10500

< 0.0 md
.ft
0.0 - 165
.0 md
165.0 .ft
- 329.9
md.ft
329.9
- 494.9
md.ft
494.9
- 659.9
md.ft
659.9
- 824.8
md.ft
824.8
- 989.8
md.ft
989.8
- 1154
7 md f
 Innovations
facilitate process >>
Schlumberger innovations are
major contributors to the timeli-
ness, efficiency and success of the
PowerSTIM process. One of these
innovations is the PowerSTIM “in-
time” report, or IDR, which docu-
ments the PowerSTIM solution and
provides a complete, historical
record for each well treated.
Another is the InterACT* real-time
monitoring and data delivery, which
facilitates collaboration and allows
real-time monitoring of treatments.
InterACT system
The InterACT system promotes
teamwork by providing Web-based
data delivery with secure real-time,
two-way communication at all stages
of the project—from initiation to
post-job analysis. Files of all stan-
dard data types and formats can be
exchanged and shared, and stimula-
tion operations can be monitored
and supervised in real time from
remote locations, resulting in better
well treatments. Integration of the
InterACT system with the FracCAT*
fracturing computer-aided treatment
system provides a powerful platform
for the PowerSTIM process.
Updated report
The comprehensive IDR is built
dynamically on a personal computer
desktop. As the project proceeds,
the PowerSTIM team continually
updates the report, which begins
with the initial reservoir charac-
terization and progresses through
completion design and execution
to postjob evaluation, recommenda-
tions and summary.
At any stage in the project, the
report can be viewed via the InterACT
system or printed as a hard-copy
snapshot, similar to a well log, for
quick access to well information.
Whether viewed on paper or on
screen, the report facilitates collab-
oration. It is a tangible representa-
tion of the value inherent in the
PowerSTIM process and is usually
delivered cumulatively in three
stages:
■ well and reservoir characterization
■ design
■ execution, evaluation and summary.
Comprehensive data set
PowerSTIM optimization is based
on a comprehensive data set and
complete reservoir characteriza-
tion—not standard correlations,
averages, estimates or assumptions
about reservoir performance param-
eters. The data set, which includes
rock mechanical properties, hydro-
carbon-resource profiles and sand-
prediction models, is used for well-
performance forecasting, reservoir
simulation and well-completion
design.
At any stage in the project,
the report can be viewed
via the InterACT system…
Basin-specific models
The PowerSTIM team builds basin-
specific petrophysical and comple-
tion models to predict and optimize
the effects of stimulation treatments.
These models provide key parame-
ters such as net pay, producible
fluids, permeability, porosity, fluid
saturation, magnitude and direction
of tectonic stresses, and other rock
mechanical properties.
 Porosity
Neutron porosity
0.3 vol/vol 0.0
Density porosity
0.3 vol/vol 0.0 0.3
Total CMR porosity
0.3 vol/vol 0.0 0.3
Crossover
Accurate and reliable permeability log profiles are key to production optimization. A Timur-Coates
equation modified specifically for the Lobo formation provides a better core-log correlation in this
example. It provides an improved permeability profile for stimulation design in the Lobo formation.
Initially, the models are developed
from local knowledge, data from
previous completions in offset wells
and existing reservoir models. The
models are updated with new infor-
mation as it becomes available, and
additional data required to ensure
model accuracy are acquired by log-
ging, testing or sidewall coring of
the candidate wells.
Geological model for planning
Petrophysical and mechanical
properties are usually merged in a
geological model, which is used to
plan initial strategies for the com-
pletion design. ELANPlus* software
for elemental log analysis is used to
develop this model, and some para-
meters may be calibrated against
existing core data or sidewall cores.
Analyses from offset wells also are
used in finalizing the geological
characterization.
Formation evaluation technology
The PowerSTIM team uses a wide
range of technology to collect data
needed to quantify reservoir parame-
ters and improve models. Porosity
Free fluid CMR permeability, mD
Sidewall-cores corrected for
Density porosity net overburden
vol/vol 0.0
CMR bound fluid Lobo-specific
vol/vol 0.0 0.002 Timur-Coates equation 20.0
CMR free fluid
Standard
0.002 Timur-Coates equation 20.0
Porosity and permeability do not correlate
High
porosity
High
porosity
Low
porosity
and permeability measurements
from a CMR-Plus* Combinable
Magnetic Resonance logging tool
with high-logging-speed capability,
along with mechanical properties
from DSI* Dipole Shear Sonic
Imager logs, are used to improve
stimulation candidate selection.
Permeability derived from
CMR-Plus measurements also can
be used to determine leakoff and
design fracture stimulations, and
DSI compressional and shear data
are used to derive Young’s modulus
and Poisson’s ratio. The CHFR*
Cased Hole Formation Resistivity
tool can identify fluid saturations
in cased wells, and FMI* Fullbore
Formation MicroImager micro-
resistivity images help identify fault
planes and preferred fracture plane
orientation.
Completion and treatment design
The PowerSTIM team designs a
customized completion based on
all available well data. This design
is focused on maximizing produc-
tion for the lowest cost and includes
recommendations on perforation
interval, tubular optimization and
stimulation treatment. Integration
of all available basin, field, reservoir
and well data for better evaluation
of formation characteristics facili-
tates optimization of fracturing
fluids, proppants and volumes.
Stimulation design technology
The stimulation design is optimized
using advanced software programs.
Petrophysical data are distributed
into reservoir layers for fracture
modeling with a zone-by-zone layer-
ing program or FracCADE* fractur-
ing design and evaluation software.
FracCADE software also predicts
fracture geometry, using formation
parameters such as shear modulus,
Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio,
permeability, overburden stress
and pressure.
Visualization software provides
a “picture” of fracture geometry,
orientation and barriers. In-situ
tests, including minifracture treat-
ments using the DataFRAC fracture
data determination service, provide
correlations to complement and
verify empirically derived values.
The PowerSTIM team
designs a customized
completion based on
all available well data.
The Production Data Fracture
Interpretation Tool determines
fracture half-length and conductivity
and the effective permeability of
stimulated formations. Production
is correctly allocated to each com-
pleted interval using production
log data, and NODAL* production
system analysis evaluates well pro-
ductivity, taking the completion
design into account.
 Actual production is compared
with the forecast made prior to
treatment. If there is a gap, all
available mechanical and petro-
physical data are used to refine
the fracture designs and update
models to improve results from
the next treatment.

Closing the loop

The OrientXact* perforating system is an important component of the perforation optimization
part of the PowerSTIM process.
Perforation strategy
The PowerSTIM team devises a per-
foration strategy that helps achieve
the desired fracture properties. This
strategy may include using high-per-
formance UltraJet* deep penetrating
shaped charges to increase forma-
tion penetration and orienting the
perforations to encourage hydraulic
fractures to follow the direction
of natural stresses. Orienting the
perforating guns with the Wireline
Oriented Perforating Tool allows
fracture design to be focused on
The last step of the PowerSTIM
process is closing the optimization
loop by presenting a complete job
summary, which is documented
in the IDR. This summary includes
fracture placement instead of prop- recommendations and a go-forward
pant transport. Oriented perfora- plan for future wells.
tions minimize the risk that near-
wellbore complexities or tortuosity Collaboration creates value
will cause premature screenout. In the PowerSTIM process, client
reservoir knowledge and field expe-
Stimulation execution and evaluation rience and Schlumberger technology
PowerSTIM treatments are executed and expertise work together to cre-
with an emphasis on diagnosis, qual- ate value. This close collaboration
ity assurance and quality control, and reduces engineering cycle time by
reducing cycle time. Following the expediting the learning process and
treatments, production logs, temper- results in selection and application
ature logs, tracer logs and other of the best stimulation technologies
data are acquired and analyzed. and completion solutions.

Processed Logs - Elan, FracHITE

permeability porosity lithology rock propoerties net stress

Reservoir
467 1
4.93 0.839 0.31 467 2.8

Completions & Production Solutions 10400 10400

4.45 0.826 0.30
467 4.6
467 6.4
467 8.2
468 0

PowerSTIM IDR - Informed Decision Report 4.92

4.90
0.714

0.797
0.26

0.29
468 1.8
468 3.6
468 5.4
468 7.2
468 9
469 0.8
4.31 0.742 0.28 469 2.6
469 4.4
469 6.2
4.66 0.646 0.23
469 8

Company: Sample IDR 10450 10450 4.66 0.646 0.23

469 9.8
470 1.6
470 3.4
470 5.2

Well Name: Any

4.66 0.646 0.23 470 7
470 8.8
471 0.6
4.37 0.695 0.26 471 2.4
471 4.2

Field: All 4.35

4.47
0.779

0.809
0.28

0.30
471 6
471 7.8
471 9.6
472 1.4

County: Jack State: Texas

snapshot >>
472 3.2
10500 10500 472 5
4.58 0.758 0.28 472 6.8
472 8.6
473 0.4
4.07 0.842 0.31 4732.2

Date:
Well Location:
Raw Logs -Triple Combo
Elevations: KB: DF: GL: correlation resistivity porosity
API Number:
Contact: Name: Mike Donovan
Email: donovan1@slb.com
Phone: 281-285-1916 10400

Objective

The objective of this PowerSTIM project is to assess the current

completion effectiveness. Production results against the reservoir model
forecasts indicate that the design parameters for fracture conductivity
and fracture half length are not being met. 10450

The PowerSTIM IDR is a presentation of logs and graphics

that depicts a total picture of the process of gathering and
interpreting the data, generating an appropriate solution, 10500

implementing the solution and evaluating the results. The

optimization loop is closed by presenting a complete job
summary including recommendations and a go-forward
plan for future wells.
 Transforming data to decisions
XX200
The PowerSTIM service helps
improve well-by-well financial per-
formance by capturing and taking
advantage of all the downhole infor-
mation already being collected. XX300

…client reservoir knowledge and

XX400
field experience and Schlumberger
technology and expertise work
together to create value. XX500

Instant Web-based access to cross-

disciplinary expertise and world-
XX600
wide data exchange gives decision-
makers the timely information they
need to balance improved well per- MD GR Total Sand

formance against treatment cost. ft Pass 2 Scandium concentration Formation Formation

API 0 lbm/ft2 6 Scandium Scandium Scandium Iridium
0 200
Cased- Total
Fracture Iridium Iridium
hole Iridium
width, in.
GR

PowerSTIM teams often have to evaluate multiple zone scenarios to determine

which strategy results in maximum production for the lowest cost. This radio-
active survey indicates successful placement of two separate fractures less
than 100 ft apart.

Samson Lone Star LTD

FracCADE* Price #9
Taylor
ACL Fracture Profile and Conductivity 12-18-200 0
Summary
10300

Samson Lone Star LTD ProCADE* The use of PSPLitr, ProFIT, ProCADE, proved extremely valuable in
FracCADE* Treatin g Pressure - psi Price #9
Ta ylor
Single Layer Forecast: Rates vs Time
Pressure, Rate, Concentration
Slurr y Rate - bbl/min
Pro p Conc - PPA
12-18-2000
2000 qo (STB/D)
successfully modeling production behaviour in comingled,
10400
5000 60 6 qg (Mscf/D)
qw (STB/D)
multi-stage wells.
qo Data (STB/D)
qg D ata (Mscf/D)
50 5 qw Data (STB/D )
4500 1500
Once a production match was achieved on multiple wells, the
model was verified. Confidence in the model and hydraulic fracture
Well D ep th - ft

40 4
Slurry Rate - bbl/min

Prop Conc - PPA

10500 4000
K=0.0031 md characterization allowed the modeling of improved design consider-
Treating Pressure - psi

Rate

1000
< 0.0 md.ft 30 3
Xf = 476 ft. ations, one of those being the addition of breakers to improve
0.0 - 165.0 md.ft
165.0 - 329.9 md.ft
3500
Conductivity = 33.6 md-ft fracture conductivity.
329.9 - 494.9 md.ft 20 2

494.9 - 659.9 md.ft 500

10600
659.9 - 824.8 md.ft
824.8 - 989.8 md.ft
3000
10 1 Further improvements to the existing design(s) are being explored
989.8 - 1154.7 md.ft and will be suggested if economically justified.
1154.7 - 1319.7 md.ft 0
2500 0 0
> 1319.7 md.ft 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Treatment Time - mi n
10700
Time (days)
6500 7500 8500 950 0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Stress - psi ACL Width at Wellbore - in Fracture Half-Length - ft

*Mark of Schlumberger *Mark of Schlumberger

Recommendations

Results A n alys is T y pe
R es ults T abl e Bilinear Flow Formation Linear Flow There are still several areas to examine in the process of
Sectio n 2: We llbor e C onf igur at io n Cumulative Rate Average Cumulative Rate Average
k, (md) 0.0378 0.038 5 0. 0381 0.0049 0.0049 0. 0049
production and stimulation optimization. One such opportunity is to
Samson Resources Well: Price #9
Deviat ed Hole NO x f, (ft)
Well PERFORMance Analysis © 2001
Loc:
Desc:
4920' FEL & 2400' FSL of the E.C. Young Survey; A-879
Breaker added - Taylor completion only
Type:
Analysis:
Node:
Gas Well
System Analysis
Bottomhol e
Tr eat Down CASING
k x f2 , (md-ft 2 )
179.49
1.22E+03
174.35
1.17E+03
176. 92
1. 19E +0 3
395.59
772.10
397.06
772.07
396. 32
772. 08
reduce the degradation of fracture conductivity due to multi-phase
System Graph File: PRIC9_FR.pf3 Date: 02-14-2001 Fl ush Volume to 10438.0 ft 162. 2 bbl
Case 1 Input Data
k fb f, (md-ft) 1.17E+01 1.16E+01 1. 17E +0 1 6.61 6.50 6. 55 flow. This may be especially true in the Upper Cotton Valley interval.
4000 Fluid No Tubing. k(k fb f) 2 , (md 3 -ft2 ) 5.22 5.19 5. 20 0.22 0.21 0. 21
Water Cut
Oil Grav
10.0000 %
40.0 ˚API l , (md/cp) 1.76E+00 1.79E+00 1. 77E +0 0 0.229 0.227 0. 228
Improved reservoir characterization is the key to properly
SG Ga s 0.650 Casing Da ta
l x f2 , (md-ft 2 /cp)
GOR/Yield
SG Water
0.0001 bbl/MMcf
1.070 OD We ig ht ID De pt h
l (k fb f) 2 , (md 3 -ft2 /cp)
5.66E+04
242.4
5.43E+04
240.9
5. 54E +0 4
241. 7
35858.3
10.0
35856.7
9.6
35857. 5
9. 8
addressing this issue.
3000 Resv - Fractured Well
Resv BHP 3500. 0 psia
(in) (lb/ft) (in) (ft)
Resv Temp 250 ˚F 4. 500 11. 6 4 .000 10800. 0 k fb f/x f (md-ft/ft) 0.065 0.067 0. 066 0.017 0.016 0. 017
Resv Perm 0.0200 md
Fc d 1.73 1.73 1. 73 3.39 3.34 3. 36
Porosity 7.5000 %
The performance of the well will be monitored for 6-12 months.
Pressure, psig

Resv Thick 85 ft
C o ns is te nc y C h ecks
Resv Ra d 1000 ft Pe rf or ation Da ta
2000 Tot Compr 3.0300e-004
Prod Time
Frac 1/2 Ln
24.000
800
1/psia
hrs
ft
To p To p Bo tto m Bo tto m Shot Nu mb er Di ameter
Estimated: Perm, (md) 0. 0049 x f, (ft) 396. 32 F cd 3. 36 Several different and independent types of analysis will be used to
MD TV D MD TV D De ns it y Theoretical tstart (days) 100.87 100.8 7
Frac Perm
Frac Widt h
Compl- Open Hol
3000.0000

e
0.100
md
in
(ft) (ft) (ft) (ft) (shot/f t) () (in) Graphical tstart (days) 108.00 108.00 assess the impact of implementing the encapsulated breaker design.
A 10438. 0 10438. 0 10445. 0 10445. 0 1 .1 4 8 0. 30 Theoretical tend (days) 46.84 46.84 173.51 173.51
1000
Tbg - Cullender & Smith (1956)
WH Press 800. 0 psig 10450. 0 10450. 0 10464. 0 10464. 0 1 .0 7 15 0 .3 0 Graphical tend (days) 19.25 19.25 177.59 177.59
One robust form of analysis includes the continued use of ProFIT
Perf To p 1040 0 ft
10472. 0 10472. 0 10478. 0 10478. 0 1 .1 7 7 0. 30
Csg ID
Tbg ID
4.000 in
1.995 in
10528. 0 10528. 0 10532. 0 10532. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
and ProCADE.
Flowln - None Calculated
1 2 3 4 WB Heat - Linear Gradient
10536. 0 10536. 0 10540. 0 10540. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
0 WH Temp 80 ˚F 10544. 0 10544. 0 10548. 0 10548. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Gas Rate, Mscf/D Inflow
10558. 0 10558. 0 10562. 0 10562. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
Inflow @ Sandface (1)
Not Used
Inflow (1) (1) 3000.0000 10575. 0 10575. 0 10579. 0 10579. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
Outflow (A) Inflow
Case 2 (2)
Case 2 (B) (2) 4000.0000 10598. 0 10598. 0 10604. 0 10604. 0 1 .1 7 7 0. 30
Case 3 (3) Fracture Perm, md
Case 3 (C) (3) 5000.0000 10616. 0 10616. 0 10620. 0 10620. 0 1 .2 5 5 0. 30
Case 4 (4)
Case 4 (D) (4) 6000.0000
Not Used
Not Used
Cond Unloading Rate
Water Unloading Rate Reg: Authorized User - Dowell Schlumberger
Max Erosional Rate
 Transform data
to decisions >>
IDR
1
The hard copy of the IDR is made up of 8 ⁄2-in.
by 14-in. pages that fold out. Well location and
relevant background data are shown on the
cover. Inside, a section of mud log or openhole
log, core analysis and other test data identify
pertinent zones. A wellbore configuration shows
the completion design and perforation record.
The execution section documents the stimu-
lation design and implementation and often
includes prefracture diagnostics plots and the
three-parameter plot of the treatment. Additional
sections present stimulation designs, productivity
analyses, production forecasts and logs, and
actual production data.
Reservoir profiles
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology
is used in the CMR-Plus tool, which excites
hydrogen nuclei in formations by setting up
a magnetic moment, relaxing it and measuring
the time it takes atoms to realign. This NMR
relaxation time is dependent on pore size and
porosity, which is related to permeability.
Stress profiles
The DSI sonic tool excites formations with
acoustic waves and measures the resulting
compressional and shear transit times. Transit
times are converted into rock properties such
as shear modulus, Young’s modulus and
Poisson’s ratio.
Shear modulus is an elastic material constant
that is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.
Young’s modulus is an elastic material constant
that is the ratio of longitudinal stress to longitu-
dinal strain. Poisson’s ratio is an elastic constant
that is the ratio of latitudinal to longitudinal
strain, or a measure of material compressibility
perpendicular to applied stress, that can be
expressed in terms of measured properties,
including compressional- and shear-wave
velocities.
FracCADE and StimCADE software
FracCADE and StimCADE* software allows evalua-
tion of different strategies to better understand how
they will impact fracture geometry. Issues such as
connectivity to the perforations, height growth, frac-
ture length, bridging and conductivity are considered
in this evaluation.
Schlumberger visualization software allows the
PowerSTIM team to “see” the impact of fracture
geometry and its relation to reservoir size and orien-
tation. This visualization is useful in building a strat-
egy to optimize the completion and overall
production.
FracCADE LG Zones module
A unique zone-by-zone layering routine identifies
and evaluates individual zones in a layered formation.
This analysis tool is a critical link between formation
evaluation data and the FracCADE program.
ProFIT* software
Production-data analysis using the Production Data
Fracture Interpretation Tool program determines
fracture half-length and conductivity and the effective
permeability of stimulated formations without shut-
ting wells in for analysis. Schlumberger is the only
company that provides this evaluation service.
Production allocation program
Production log data are used as input to correctly
allocate production to each completed interval in
commingled, multilayer reservoirs. This allocation
program allows determination of maximum perme-
ability, minimum fracture length and conductivity
for each zone.
NODAL analysis
NODAL analysis is used to evaluate well productivity,
taking perforations, tubulars and surface facilities
into consideration. Each pressure interface is treated
as a node with several variables.
 To learn more about stimulation solutions
and PowerSTIM well optimization services,
visit www.slb.com/oilfield and select
Stimulation or e-mail powerstim@slb.com.

POCKET
 PowerSTIM
Well optimization service

To learn more about stimulation solutions

and PowerSTIM well optimization services,
visit www.slb.com/oilfield and select
Stimulation or e-mail powerstim@slb.com.

www.slb.com/oilfield

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October 2003 *Mark of Schlumberger