2/24/2021

Pakistan Studies HEC COURSE OUTLINE

1- Historical Perspective
1. Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
2. Factors leading to Muslim separatism
3. People and Land
Shabana Siddiqui I. Indus Civilization
Senior Lecturer & QMS Coordinator II. Muslim advent
School of Public Health, DUHS III. Location and geo-physical features.

COURSE OUTLINE COURSE OUTLINE

2- Government and Politics in Pakistan 3- Contemporary Pakistan
• Political and constitutional Development – Ethnicity, Society and social structure
• Objective Resolution – Democracy in Pakistan
• Constitution 1956 – Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
• Constitution 1962 – Pakistan’s Relation with its Neighboring Countries

• Constitution 1973
• Islamic Provisions

BOOKS OBJECTIVES OF LECTURE-1

• Recommended Books:
• “PAKISTAN STUDIES” for BA/BSc/B.Com/BSc
(Home Economics), Oxford University Press, By:
M.R.Kazmi.
• Reference Books:
• “PERSPECTIVES ON PAKISTAN STUDIES” (Revised
Edition) by Gul Shehzad Sarwar, (Iqra Publishers,
Karachi)
• “PAKISTAN STUDIES” (for Degree Classes) by Dr.
Muhammad Azam Chaudhary, Ghazanfar
Academy Pakistan
 To develop the qualities of patriotic Pakistani for
understanding and full filling their duties and
responsibilities.
 To sensitize students about the importance of Pakistan’s
geographical and strategic position in South Asia.
 To promote the basic knowledge of Pakistan and layout
of the land.
 To aware new generation about the current affaires and
importance of the political and physical Position of
Pakistan in the world

1
 2/24/2021

• Formal History
• Oldest and shortest National Song is
“Kimi Gayo” Japana (17 Century ) which
is comprised of 32 kanji and only 11 bars
of music in length.
ABOUT THE NATIONAL • Longest National Song : Greece (Unan),
1864 (158 Stanza)

ANTHEM •

•
Music based songs: 23 Country has music
based National Anthems
Spain's national anthem have been sets
of lyrics(Wordless)
• No national anthems of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, San Marino, and Kosovo.
• New Zealand is one of only country which
is the other being Denmark with two
official national anthems of equal status.
Pakistani N.A
Duration -1 minute 20 Seconds
Musical Instrument Used: 21
It consist on 3 Stanzas

MUSICAL COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL

ANTHEM OF PAKISTAN 1950 Official Visit of Shah Iran

• MUSIC COMPOSED BY AHMED G. CHAGLA

IN 1949

• THE GOVT.OF PAKISTAN ADOPTED

The anthem, without lyrics, was
CHAGLA’S TUNE AS NATIONAL ANTHUM performed first time for a foreign
TUNE ON 21 AUGUST 1949 head of state on the arrival of
GHULAM AHMED Shah of Iran to Pakistan
• FIRST MUSICAL COMPOSITION IN 1st in Karachi on 1ST March 1950 by
CHAGLA MARCH 1950 RAZA SHAH PEHLVI &
(31 May 1902-5 February a Pakistan Navy band.
1953)
FARAH DEEBA

SELECTION OF LYRICS OF NATIONAL

ANTHEM SELECTED POETS FOR NATIONAL ANTHEM

• JUNE 1948 : A.R GHANI (RS.5

000)
• TARANA COMMITTEE (NAC )
RECEIVED 723 ANTHEMS
FROM DIFFERENT POETS
AND

• FINALLY THREE OF THEM (3) Z.A (2) HAKEEM SHUJA (1) HAFEEZ
WERE SHORT LISTED. BUKHARI AHMED JALLUNDHRI
SARDAR ABDUR RAB
NISHTAR

2
 2/24/2021

APPROVAL OF NATIONAL ANTHEM Physical Features of Pakistan

• N.A. WRITTEN IN 1952 BY HAFEEZ
JULLUNDHARI in Charage Sahar in Sinf of
Makhmas.
• ON 4TH AUGUST 1954 FEDERAL CABINET
APPROVED HAFEEZ JALUNDHRI’S ANTHEM AS
AN OFFICIAL PAKISTAN NATIONAL ANTHEM.

• IT WAS BROADCASTED ON RADIO PAKISTAN,

FIRST TIME ON 13TH AUGUST 1954 SUNG BY
HAFEEZ JULLUNDHARI HIMSELF

• GOVT. adopted as N.A : 16 AUGUST 1954

ABUL AL- ASAR
• Recorded in 1955 by eleven major singers of
HAFEEZ Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab
JALLUNDHRI Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema
Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas,
https://tinyurl.com/1shjxh33 Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar
Wasi Ali.

Location of Pakistan
Immediate Neighbor Countries
Coordinates:
Latitude:24° N - 37 °N (Measured Countries Direction Length of border
From North to South)
Longitude: 60 °E - 77 ° E (Measured
(Km)
From East to West) China North 592
New Zealand is close to International Date
Line.
Total Area: India East 1600
796,096 sq km
Altitude: Arabian Sea South 1000
Highest point:
K-2 (8,611 m) Iran South West 850
Deepest point:
Dasu patan (6500 m)
Lowest point: Afghanistan West 2250
Arabian Sea level (0.0 feet)

Location of Pakistan
•
•
In close proximity China linked through Azad Kashmir
Across the Vakhan strip in Afghanistan lies Tajikistan.
BRI Corridors
• Pakistan's most strategic feature at present is
• Makran coast, with the Gawader sea port just across from
1. China Mongolia Russia Economic Corridor
the United Arab Emirates, which has sea access to Basra
and Iraq 2. China Central Asia West Economic Corridor
• BRI (Belt and Road Initiatives)(2013-2049)One Belt one 3. Eurasia Land Bridge Economic Corridor
Road
• This is a global development strategy adopted by the 4. Bangladesh-India-Myanmar Economic
Chinese government in 2013 involving infrastructure
development and investments in 152 countries and Corridor
international organizations in Asia, Europe, Africa, the
Middle East, and the Americas. 5. CPEC
• Region served: Asia; Africa; Europe; Middle East; Americas 6. China-Indochina Economic Corridor

3
 2/24/2021

Location of Pakistan Climate and Topography

• In the North: Chitral, Gilgit and Hunza are the
highest mountains and snow capped areas are
located.
• In the South East : The Thar Desert.
• In the Eastern half of Pakistan: lies the Indus
plain.
• The Baluchistan Province: is the rough and arid
Plateau
• The (KPK)Khyber Pakhtonkhowa (formerly the
NWFP)has a similar territory but is relieved by
three valleys.

Seasons of Pakistan Physical Division of Pakistan

Four Season of Pakistan
• Winter • Generally We can classify the Pakistan into
– (mid December to Four Major Physical parts which are:
March)
1. Mountains
• Early Summer
– (April to June) 2. Plains
• Late Summer 3. Plateaus
– (July to September)
• Post Monsoon 4. Deserts
– (October to Mid
December)

(1) Mountains 1-Northern Mountains

There are three distinct Mountain ranges
1. Northern Mountains
o Karakoram Ranges
Karakorum:
o Himalaya Ranges • Average height is about 6100 meter “Goodwin
o Greater Himalayas
o Lesser Himalayas
Austin” (K-2) 2nd highest peak (8611 m)
o Siwaliks
2. North Western Mountains
o Hindukush
3. Western Mountains
o Safed Koh Ranges
o Waziristan Hills
o Suleman and Kirthar Range

4
 2/24/2021

2- North Western Mountains

Northern Mountains

Himalayas: Hindu Kush Mountains:

• lies in the west of Himalaya and Karakorum
Sub Himalayas Lesser Himalayas
• Originates from Pamir plateau. Highest peaks
Height: 600-1200 Height: 1800-4600 are Noshaq (7369 m) and Turchmir (7690 m)
meter meter

Great Himalayas
Height: more than
4600 meter

3-Western Mountains Western Highlands

Western highland comprises of the following
Waziristan hills:
three mountain ranges.
i. Located between Gomal and Kurram river.
The koh-e-safaid ranges:
ii. Its Height ranges from 1500 - 3000 meter.
i. Average height is about 3600 m
iii. These range forms the border between
ii. Highest peak is Sikaram (4700 m)
Afghanistan and Pakistan
iii. Located in East-West Direction
iv. Famous Khyber pass lies in this Range.
iv. Kurram and Kohat valley lies in this
range.

Western Highlands (2) The Indus Plains

The Suleman and Kirthar Ranges:
i. Starts from South of Gomal River (Lies • The Whole Indus plain
between the Baluchistan plateau) and the comprises the 20% of
Indus river. the Pakistan.
ii. Average height is about 600 m. • Which is divided it into
iii. Takht-e-Suleman is the highest point (3487 three parts;
m) 1. Upper Indus Plain
iv. In the south Suleman joins the Kirthar range. 2. Lower Indus Plain
v. Kirthar merges into the Kohistan area of 3. Deltaic Plain
Sindh.

5
 2/24/2021

Upper Indus Plains The Indus Plains

Extends from Attock to Mithan kot.
• Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej are the Eastern
tributaries of river Indus. The Lower Indus Plains:
• The area between the two tributaries is called • It extends from
Doab. Mithan kot to Thatta.
• All the tributaries meet at the point called Punjab.
• This is the old stage of
Name of Doab Name of Rivers
• Bari Doab  River Beas & Ravi
river Indus.
• Rachna Doab  River Ravi & Chenab • Due to the very less
• Chaj Doab  River Chenab & Jhelum gradient speed of
• Sindh Sagar Doab  River Jhelum & Indus Indus is very slow.

The Indus Plains (3) Deserts of Pakistan

The Deltaic Plain: Deserts in Pakistan
• Total length is 1000 km (700 Km lies in
Baluchistan and about 300 km lies in Sind)
• Thatta and Badin districts in Sind.
Thar Thal Cholistan Kharan
• Mangrove forests are the significant feature of
the Sind Deltaic plain.
• The coastal area lies in Baluchistan is called
Makran coastal plain.

Deserts of Pakistan (4) The Plateaus of Pakistan

• Thar Desert: lies in the South East of Pakistan.
– Its the extension of Rajasthan desert of India.
– The Section of this desert situated in the Bahawalpur Plateaus of Pakistan
division is called Cholistan.
• Thal Desert:
– Thal desert lies between the River Indus and Jhelum.
Baluchistan Pothohar Plateau
• Kharan Desert: Plateau and Salt Range
– The Kharan desert located in the North west
Baluchistan. The average rainfall is less than 100 mm.

6
 2/24/2021

The Plateaus of Pakistan The Plateaus of Pakistan

The Baluchistan Plateau: • The Pothohar Plateau & The Salt Range:
1. Located between River Indus & River Jhelum
In Southwest: Average
height: 300 – 600 2. Height 300 to 600 meters from sea level.
3. Rich in minerals like rock salt, gypsum, lime stone,
meters. coal, marble, clays, dolomite, soapstone and oil.
Very rich in mineral 4. While average height of Salt range is 750 to 900m.
resources. 5. Sakesar Peak is the highest point in the Salt Range at
Short Rain fall a height of 1527m.
Inland drainage

Impressive Features of Pakistan Impressive Features of Pakistan

Unique Features of Pakistan
• Land of Pakistan zoologically is the largest habitat
for green turtles and is home to the blind dolphin.
• Haleji lake, which is largest bird sanctuary In Asia
• Juniper forest of Ziarat, the world largest of Juniper
trees, though now sadly depleted, is of great
botanical Interest
• Sukkur has the largest man-made irrigation
system in the world.
• Tarbela has the largest earth filled dam.
• The Karakoram highway has the highest
mettaled road in the world.
• Gilgit has the longest suspension bridge in
Asia.
• Asia longest railway tunnel Bolan is also on
Pakistan territory

Impressive Features of Pakistan TOTAL AREA OF PAKISTAN :

• The graveyard of Makli: The largest in the Total Area 796,096 sq.km
Islamabad 906 sq.km
world and reminder of fascinating earlier Balochistan 347,190 sq.km
culture, lies a few mile from the modern city Punjab 205,345 sq.km
of Karachi. Sindh 140,914 sq.km

• Sialkot: Largest Sports Industry In addition, KPK 74,521 sq.km

Gilgit Baltistan 72,971 sq.km
Pakistani sportsman have put the country on FATA 27,220 sq.km
the world map by securing world
championships in Hockey, Cricket, Squash and
Snooker

7
 2/24/2021

MANUFACTURING SECTOR:
POPULATION: Growth for financial year
2014
1.45%
2019
9.90%
Food, Beverages & Tobacoo 8.2% 12%
2014 2019
Engineering Products -20.15% 27%
Pakistan 212.75 million 217.55 million
Coke & Petroleum Products 7.49% 14%
Urban 75.2 million 75.51 million
Pharmaceuticals 3.47% 3.62%
Rural 116.5 million 142.03 million
Chemicals 6.74% 7.70%
Population Growth 1.92% 2%
Literacy rates (total) 58% 70%
Literacy rates (male) 70% 72.5% AGRICULTURE:
Litreracy rates (female) 40% 51.8
2014
GDP 20.9% 22.77% (2017)
Total Labour Force 43.5% 53.3% (Dec,2018)

MAJOR CROPS MAJOR CROPS

Cotton (2017-2018) : Rice (2017-2018):

Production: 2.6 million tones Production: 7442 thousand tones

Value in agriculture:5.5% Value in Agriculture: 3.1%
GDP: 1.0% GDP: 0.6%
Area of cultivation :2699 thousand Area of cultivation : 2899
hectares thousand hectares

Sugarcanes (2017-2018) :
Wheat (2017-2018):
Production: 81.102 million tones
Value in Agriculture:3.6%
Production: 25.492 million tones
GDP: 0.7%
Value in Agriculture: 9.1%
Area of cultivation :1313 thousand
GDP: 1.7%
hectares
Area of cultivation: 8734 thousand
hectares

ENERGY CONSUMPTION:
• Pakistan’s total energy consumption was approximately 66.8 million tones of oil
equivalent was met through mix of gas, oil, electricity, coal and LPG sources in
varying proportions.

• Natural Gas: the balance recover able of natural Gas reserves was
estimated 679.6 billion cubic meter .