Flexi Multiradio LTE BTS Basic Troubleshooting

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©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

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Choice of Various Configurations
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3
The only SW definable BTS System Module in industry
FSMF : WCDMA, LTE FDD, LTE TDD and GSM modes by SW
all BTS Site functions (IP65, -35 … +55 °C) included:

• Integrated Baseband & eNB/NB Control
• IP Transport included, optional Transport sub-module
• Integrated Ethernet switch
• Optional DC Power distribution to RF units with fuses
• Optical interfaces to RF Modules
• External Alarms and Synchronization input & outputs
FSMF HW sales item including casing and fans

optional Power optional Transport
Distribution sub-module sub-module
FSMF core
slot for FBBA/B slot for FBBA/B
4
LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS
eNB
Mobility
Managem
Policy &
S6a ent Entity
Charging
MME S10 Rule
X2
ME S7
Function
- M
S1
PCRF
S11 Rx+
S1-U S5/S8 SGi
PDN
LTE-Uu
Serving PDN
Evolved
Node B Gateway Gateway
LTE-UE
(eNB) S-GW /P-GW
NOTE: Interface names are from draft specification and may not be the final interface names
5
Retrieving alarm information in BTS Site Manager
6
Identifying the alarm source 1. Select Alarm in Faults window
2. Click on icon „Show source“
3. Alarm source is identified (see also Source column
in the Fault view)
7
LOS Alarm
LOS alarm is the root cause.

X2AP and S1AP alarms are just the consequences in this case as
physical interface is disconnected on which all applications (X2AP,
S1AP,..) should run.
Prerequisite for S1AP and X2AP setup is SCTP association which is in
this case also not established.
Therefore ‚Transport layer connection failure‘ is raised.
eNB is in „BTS configured“ state as S1AP

link is down (no connection to MME)
8
MME IP address
Check MME configuration and IP address in the

Commissioning Wizard
9
Adjacent eNB configuration
In order to investigate adjacent eNBs configuration, check LNADJ

Managed Object(s) under LNBTS.
LNADJ Managed Object(s) are either created based on ANR feature

implementation (enbControlled) or manually (oamControlled).
10
S1 Interface failure
If S1 interface failure is raised than SCTP association is

established between eNB and MME (eNB and MME exchange
SCTP heartbeats) but S1 setup request was not successful and
S1AP is down.
11
Transport layer connection failure in X2 interface
Source: SCTP link for X2 interface.

The transport path (SCTP) for connection to an adjacent BTS has
broken. The reason for this can be an unplugged cable to the adjacent
BTS. No transport path available to pursue operation on the faulty
connection with the adjacent BTS.
12
Failure in optical RP3 interface
Dirty or broken optical cable(s) and/or SFPs or wrong SFP inserted

either in FSM or FRM are main causes for RP3 alarm.
13
Unit blocked - FRM
Block/Unblock will reset the unit.
14
Module in Configuring State
Unblocked unit in configuring state.

Alarm „Unit blocked“ is still active.
15
Block/Unblock BTS
Block/Unblock BTS will reset the BTS.

TRS shall NOT be reset.
16
Reset Site
Reset Site will reset both BTS and TRS.
17
eNB connection to iOMS: M-Plane (OAM) link
Two iOMSs can be configured in eNB

(Primary and Secondary).
No alarm is raised in BTS Site Manager
in case eNB is disconnected from iOMS.
However, the link from NetAct to eNB

(through iOMS) is broken.
18
Failure in connection between BTS and iOMS or 3rd party tool
Check connectivity to the 3rd party

tool if used for e.g. for subscriber
trace.
19
GTP-U Path Failure alarm
GTP-U path supervision is optional feature.
Network element did not respond to the GTP-U: Echo

Request message within time.
20
GTP-U Path Failure alarm – continued
Check GTP-U path configuration and IP addreess of the SGW in the

Commissioning Wizard.
If GTP-U supervision is set to the value different than zero supervision is
switched on. The GTP-U object may not exist in the BTS configuration.
21
SGW IP address set GTPU object is not affecting user plane traffic.
VSWR alarm
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR
Indicates the amount of RF power in
reverse direction, being reflected from
faulty components in the antenna system.
It is used as a measure of impedance
mismatch between RF Modules/RRHs
transmit path and its load.
There are two VSWR alarm severities:

VSWR Minor: appears when the VSWR Minor threshold is exeeded (default 1.9).
VSWR Critical: appears when the VSWR Major threshold is exeeded (default 2.6).
 all cells related to the faulty antenna line will be blocked.
Possible consequences, depending on the BTS configuration:
„Radio resources switched off“ and
„TX failure in MIMO“ are consequences of the VSWR alarm.
22
Block Cell
23
Block Cell - continued
Administrative state of the cell and

Blocking state are not the same.
eNB is only Integrated (but not on Air) as none of the configured cells is operational.
Signaling link to MME is active.
24
Change Cell Administrative State
Cell Administrative state can be either:

• unlocked
• shutting down
• locked
25
Cell Administrative State – shutting down
Cell final state is -

Locked
26
IP Connectivity Test
IP Connectivity Test Scope
In case of multiple IP interfaces

(VLANs) configured in the eNodeB,
only an appropriate Source address
can reach its destination
27
Save BTS snapshot
BTS Snapshot files are useful for troubleshooting purposes.
28
LTE Performance Measurements
Grouped reporting Radio Access counters and their KPI's
Group
SAE GW M 8000
8xxx M 8001 M 8006
M 8004 MME M 8007
M 8011 M 8008
M 8012 Access/drop
M 8018 S1 signalling
Load
measurements eNB
eNB
LTE
Cell`s M 8005
M 8010
M 8009 Air interface

M 8013 QoS
M 8014
M 8015
Mobility/HO
29
Capacity areas
Measurement areas within NW architecture
M8018 eNodeB Load MeasurementsHSS

Number of UE
eNB
See chapter 6 Mobility
M8001 Cell Load Measurements Managem
M8011 Cell Resource S6a ent Entity
Measurement
M8012 Cell Throughput X2 MME
ME
Measurements S 1 -M
M8020 Cell Availability

Measurements S1-U
M8005 UL Power and Quality
LTE-Uu
Measurements Serving
Evolved
M8010 DL Power and Quality Node B Gateway
Measurements LTE-UE
(eNB) M8000 S1AP Measurements
M8004 Transport Measurements
Data volume on X2 S1 setup
Throughput on X2 Number of S1 connections
30
See chapter©2013
9 Nokia Solutions and Networks.
See chapter
All rights reserved. 7
Capacity areas
Cell specific measurements
SAE GW
M8001 Cell Load Measurements

M8011 Cell Resource
Measurement
M8012 Cell Throughput
Measurements
M8020 Cell Availability
Measurements
M 8001 Cell Load packet scheduling
Traffic X
M8005related measurements
UL Power and Quality 2
Measurements
Traffic M 8012 SDU/MAC Cell throughput
M8010MDL 8011Power and Cell
PRB utilisation Quality
resource
Traffic per TTI
Measurements cell
cell
cell
31
Capacity areas
Resource blocks & physical CH allocation (DL)
5 RBs
allocat
ed to
UEa
Resource
12 subcarriers
7 OFDM
symbols* x Block (RB)
12 subcarriers
= 180 kHz
Resource
Element
1 RB
allocated
to UEb
M8011 Cell Resource Measurements

Allocation of physical resource
32 blocks (DL)
Utilization of physical resource
Call Setup Overview
UE Core/IMS
Physical Random Access S1
Channel E-Node B MME
Idle to active
RRC phase
PRACH preamble
TA, scheduling, ID
RRC connection request
RRC connection setup First KPI (like for WCDMA)
RRC setup success
RRC connection setup complete
NAS service request encapsulated in

connection
Call & service setup
RRC connection setup complete

service
Security check/command encapsulated in Connection setup
NAS phase
request
RRC connection reconfiguration
RRC connection
Reconfiguration complete
SIP invite
SIP session

process Terminating
SIP OK / ringing
UE
33
RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)
UE
S1
E-Node B
Idle to active RRC phase
MME
• M8013C17:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
• M8013C18:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
• M8013C19:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
1 RRCConnectionRequest
• M8013C20:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
• M8013C21:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG
M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

2 RRCConnectionSetup
3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete
M8007C8: SRB1 setup completions
M8013C5: Signaling connection
(with encapsulated
establishment completions
NAS phase
NAS message)
M8007 Radio Bearer Measurements

M8013 UE State Measurements
34
RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)
UE
S1
E-Node B
Idle to active RRC phase
MME
• M8013C17:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
• M8013C18:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
• M8013C19:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
• M8013C20:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
• M8013C21:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG

3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete
(with encapsulated
NAS phase
NAS message)
35
RRC Connection Request (Negative)
UE
S1
E-Node B MME
RRCConnectionRequest
1
RAC accepts or
rejects RRC M8013C8
Connection
Request Signaling connection
2 RRCConnectionReject establishment
failures due to rejection by RRM
RAC
UE stays in Idle Mode
36
RRC Connection Setup (Negative)
UE eN MME
B
M8013C6
3 Missing RRCConnectionSetupComplete Signaling connection
establishment
failures due RRC setup
completions
missing
Does NOT trigger M8007C9/C12 !!
37
RRC Connection Setup (Negative)
UE eNB MME
M8013C7
3 Signaling connection
Erreneous or Incomplete
RRCConnectionSetupComplete establishment
failures due RRC setup
completions
error
Triggers also M8007C9/C12
SRB1/2 setup failures
38
RRC Connection Setup Counter Summary
M8013C8
M8013C6
M8007C9/C12
M8013C7
M8007C8/C11
At least:
M8007C7/C10 M8013C5 from all
attempts
* 100 = Success setup ratio
minus rejects =
M8007C8/11
M8007C7/10)
Rejections by Missing/wrong
RRM RAC completions
Setup attempts Successful
39 setups ©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
RRC Connection Setup KPIs
E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio

Shows the setup success ratio for the elementary procedure "RRC
connection establishment" used to set up a radio connection from UE
to eNB
Summarization
Logical formula formula (PI ID) Summarization formula (Abbreviation)
RCC Con SSR = (RRC 100 * sum ([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_COMP]) / sum

connection setup ([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S]+
completions / RRC [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT]+
connection requests) [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D]+
* 100% [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS])
40
SAE Bearer Architecture
• SAE Bearer spans the complete network, from UE over EUTRAN
and EPS up to the connector of the external PDN.
• The SAE bearer is associated with a quality of service (QoS)
usually expressed by a label or QoS Class Identifier (QCI).
LTE-Uu eNB Serving PDN

Gateway Gateway
S1-U S5 Sgi
cell PDN
End-to-End Service
External Bearer
SAE Bearer Service (EPS Bearer) Service
SAE Radio Bearer Service (SAE RB) SAE Access Bearer Service S5/S8 Bearer Service
Physical Radio Bearer Service S1 Physical Bearer Service
E-UTRAN EPC PDN
41
Attach Procedure (Positive)
UE eN MM SG PG HS
Random Access B E W W S
procedure
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
(EMM: Attach Request, ESM: PDN Connectivity Request)
IntialUEMessage
(EMM: Attach Request, ESM: PDN Connectivity Request) EIR
ME identity check procedure ME identity check procedure
Authentication / Security Authentication / Security
Location updating
CreateSessionRequest
7.Session creation
CreateSessionRensponse
42
UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

•M8000C0 Initial context setup
requests
•M8006C0 EPS bearer setup
InitialContextSetupRequest attempts
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request)
M8007C0 Data RB setup attempts
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request )
M8007C1 Data RB setup completions
RRCConnectionReconfigurationCompl M8007C11: SRB2 SETUP SUCC
ete
InitialContextSetupResponse
M8000C1 Initial context setup
completions
ULInformationTransf M8006C1 EPS bearer setup completions
er
(EMM: Attach Complete, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Complete)
UplinkNASTransp
ort
(EMM: Attach Complete, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Complete)
First Uplink
Data Modify Bearer
Request M8000 S1 AP Measurements: eNo
Modify Bearer
Response
M8006 EPS Bearer Measurements
43
First Downlink M8007 Radio Bearer Measuremen
Data ©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

•M8000C0 Initial context setup
requests
•M8006C0 EPS bearer setup
InitialContextSetupRequest attempts
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request)
M8007C0 Data RB setup attempts
RRCConnectionReconfiguration M8007C10: SRB2 setup attempts
(EMM: Attach Accept, ESM: Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request )
M8007C1 Data RB setup completions
RRCConnectionReconfigurationCompl M8007C11: SRB2 SETUP complete
ete
InitialContextSetupResponse
44
NAS Service Request (Negative)
InitialContextSetupFailure
or M8000C8
No response from MME
S1 setup failure no response from
MME
M8000C9
S1 setup failure indicated by MME
45
InitialContextSetupRequest
M8007C2
RRCConnectionReconfigurationFailure
Data bearer setup failure
46
InitialContextSetupRequest
M8000C2/C3/C4/C5
Initial context setup failure due to
• Radio network layer
• Transport layer
RRCConnectionReconfigurationCompl
ete • Resource reasons
InitialContextSetupRespon • Other reasons
se (with failure cause)
M8006C2/C3/C4/C5
EPS bearer setup failure due to
• Radio network layer
• Transport layer
• Resource reasons
• Other reasons
47
S1 Setup Procedure
eNB MME
M8000C6: S1 Setup
attempt
S1AP: S1 SETUP REQUEST
eNB global ID, eNB name, supported TAs and Paging DRX configuration
SCTP: SACK
M8000C7: S1 Setup complete

S1AP: S1 SETUP RESPONSE
ServedGUMMEI, Relative MME capacity
SCTP: SACK
GUMMEI: Globally Unique MME Identity

TA: Tracking Area
DRX: Discontinue Reception
48
S1 Setup Counter Summary

M8000C8
M8000C6
M8000C7
 M8000C9
S1 setup S1 setup
attempts failures /
completions
49
LTE X2AP (8022) New in RL30
It provides measurements related to X2 Setup procedure.
The counters are updated at the originating eNB site
eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure:

eNB2
Positive
M8022C0: X2 setup X2AP: X2 SETUP REQUEST
attempt
X2AP: X2 SETUP RESPONSE
50
LTE X2AP (8022)
It provides measurements related to X2 Setup procedure.
The counters are updated at the originating eNB site
eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure:

eNB2
Negative
M8022C0: X2 setup X2AP: X2 SETUP REQUEST
attempt
X2AP: X2 SETUP FAILURE

M8022C1: X2 setup
failure
message or expiration of Timer (wait for X2 SETUP

RESPONSE)
3GPP TS 36.423
51
Data Radio Bearer Setup Counter Summary
M8007C2 
M8007C0
M8007C1

Data bearer Data bearer

setup attempts setup failures /
completions
52
Handover Types LTE
other RAT
intersystem HO intersystem HO
triggered by other triggered by
RAT e.g.
E-UTRAN macro cell - coverage of
E-UMTS
- service
- load
Inter frequency HO
E-UTRAN micro cells
Intra-frequency HO intra-frequency HO
(intra eNB) (inter eNB, inter MME)
53
Handover Procedure
• -> Lossless
• Packets are forwarded from the source to the target
• -> Network-controlled
• Target cell is selected by the network, not by the UE
• Handover control in E-UTRAN (not in packet core)
• -> UE-assisted
• Measurements are made and reported by the UE to the network
• -> Late path switch
• Only once the handover is successful, the packet core is involved
54
Handover Procedure
Before Handover Radio Late path

handover preparation handover switching
S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P- S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P-GW
GW
MME MME MME MME
Target
Sourc eNB X2
e eNB
= Data in radio = S1 signalling

= Signalling in radio = X2 signalling
= GTP tunnel
55 = GTP signalling
Intra eNodeB Handover (Positive)
UE Source Target MM SG
eNB Control
RRC Measurement eNB E W
UL/DL Data (source cell)
L2 UL Allocation M8009 Intra eNodeB Handover Measure
RRC Measurement On level of source cell
Reports Handover
Handover Handover decision
decision
decision M8009C1 Total handover decisions
Admission
Admission control
control and
and
resources
resources allocation
allocation on
on Handover preparation
(hardcoded)
THOoverall
Timer
target
target cell
cell M8009C2 Attempted intra eNodeB handover
preparations
L2 DL Allocation
RRC Connection
Reconfiguration
L2 Synchronization Handover Execution
M8009C6 Attempted intra eNodeB handovers
L2 UL Allocation + timing
advance
RRC Connection
Release
Release source
Reconfiguration Complete
source Handover completion
56 resources
resources
M8009C7 Successful intra eNodeB handovers
UL/DL Data (target cell)

Intra eNodeB Handover (Negative)
eNB Control
L2 UL Allocation
RRC Measurement M8009C0

Reports Handover
Handover Total not started HO
decision
decision preparations
57
eNB Control
L2 UL Allocation
RRC Measurement
Reports Handover M8009C3: Failed intra eNodeB
Handover
decision HO preparations due to
decision
Admission
Admission control
control and
and admission control (internal
resources
allocation on
on eNB trigger)
target
target cell
cell
M8009C5: Failed intra eNodeB
HO preparations due to other
reason
58
eNB Control
L2 UL Allocation
RRC Measurement
Reports Handover
Handover
decision
decision
Admission
Admission control
control and
and
resources
allocation on
on
target M8009C12: Intra eNB HO drops due to RL
target cell
cell
L2 DL Allocation failure
M8009C13: Intra eNB HO drops due to
RRC Connection other failure
Reconfiguration M8009C8
L2 Synchronization missing
Total intra eNodeB HO failures
due to timer
RRC Connection Reconfiguration THOoverall expires
Error or missing
59
Thank You
60 3/16/17 © Nokia 2014 - Technology Vision 2020 - Personalize Network Experience

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1 <Change information classification in footer>

©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

3-sector RF Software Load 3-sector RF

i-HSPA Software Load LTE

all BTS Site functions (IP65, -35 … +55 °C) included:

FSMF HW sales item including casing and fans

Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

LOS alarm is the root cause.

eNB is in „BTS configured“ state as S1AP

Check MME configuration and IP address in the

In order to investigate adjacent eNBs configuration, check LNADJ

LNADJ Managed Object(s) are either created based on ANR feature

If S1 interface failure is raised than SCTP association is

Source: SCTP link for X2 interface.

Dirty or broken optical cable(s) and/or SFPs or wrong SFP inserted

Block/Unblock will reset the unit.

Unblocked unit in configuring state.

Block/Unblock BTS will reset the BTS.

Reset Site will reset both BTS and TRS.

Two iOMSs can be configured in eNB

However, the link from NetAct to eNB

Check connectivity to the 3rd party

GTP-U path supervision is optional feature.

Network element did not respond to the GTP-U: Echo

Check GTP-U path configuration and IP addreess of the SGW in the

There are two VSWR alarm severities:

Administrative state of the cell and

Cell Administrative state can be either:

Cell final state is -

In case of multiple IP interfaces

BTS Snapshot files are useful for troubleshooting purposes.

M 8009 Air interface

M8018 eNodeB Load MeasurementsHSS

M8020 Cell Availability

M8001 Cell Load Measurements

M8011 Cell Resource Measurements

NAS service request encapsulated in

RRC connection setup complete

M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

M8007 Radio Bearer Measurements

M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio

RCC Con SSR = (RRC 100 * sum ([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_COMP]) / sum

LTE-Uu eNB Serving PDN

Physical Radio Bearer Service S1 Physical Bearer Service

E-UTRAN EPC PDN

Authentication / Security Authentication / Security

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

UE eNB MME SGW PGW HSS

M8000C7: S1 Setup complete

GUMMEI: Globally Unique MME Identity

eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure:

X2AP: X2 SETUP RESPONSE

eNB1 X2 Setup Procedure:

X2AP: X2 SETUP FAILURE

message or expiration of Timer (wait for X2 SETUP

Data bearer Data bearer

E-UTRAN micro cells

Before Handover Radio Late path