I/

The point at which physical decline with age begins adversely to affect a driver’s capability has not yet been thoroughly
studied. A survey of more than 3,000 road accidents in Michigan involving drivers aged over 55 showed that in eight out of ten
(56) _____ it was a driver over the age of 71 who had (57) _____ a collision by failing to yield, turning carelessly or changing
lanes.
Older drivers are obviously more (58) _____ to injury in vehicle crashes, as well as being a potential higher (59) _____
through their own driving (60) _____.
Reaction (61) _____ in an emergency involves many different physical (62) _____ such as the production of the nerve
impulse, perception of the signal, (63) _____ of response and transmission to the
muscles.
Some of these (64) _____ more than others with age, but the overall effect increases the time it takes to respond for more
(65) _____ drivers.
56. A. users B. points C. cases D. attempts
57. A. avoided B. prevented C. caused D. activated
58. A. likely B. susceptible C. possible D. common
59. A. degree B. chance C. factor D. risk
60. A. practice B. activity C. experience D. behaviour
61. A. period B. time C. process D. system
62. A. events B. parts C. factors D. forms.
63. A. choice B. suggestion C. section D. preference
64. A. improve B. deteriorate C. reduce D. increase
65. A. mature B. ancient C. older D. elderly
CCBDDBCABD
II/
The Alexandra Palace in the north London was built with private funds as a “People’s Palace”. Serviced by its own
station, it was opened in 1873 and was extremely well (1) _____ until, two weeks after its opening, it burnt down. It was (2)
_____ by a slightly larger building which opened in 1875 and featured, (3) _____ other things, a splendid organ and the
Great Hall, which was the size of a football pitch. Despite the extraordinarily wide range of events (4) _____ there – from dog
shows to great concerts and banquets, from elephant displays to bicycle matches – it always (5) _____ at a loss and by
1877 much of the park around it had been sold to speculative builders, (6) _____ only about half of the original land.
In 1900, a committee was appointed, whose principal duty was to (7) _____ the Palace and park “for the free use of the
people forever”. There were, however, (8) _____ to charge for entry so that the substantial costs could be covered.
1. A. inhabited B. attended C. crowded D. visited
2. A. installed B. overtaken C. renewed D. replaced
3. A. among B. between C. from D. around
4. A. performed B. set C. staged D. laid
5. A. conducted B. acted C. operated D. maintained
6. A. letting B. remaining C. leaving D. upholding
7. A. run B. handle C. lead D. overlook
8. A. powers B. terms C. allowances D. authorities
BDACCCAA
III/
In many countries nowadays, electricity, gas, and water are necessities. Companies which produce household goods realize
that people want products that (71)....... work effectively and save money.
In North America, for example, household (72)..... accounts for 10% to 15% of the electrical bill, but this amount can
be reduced by (73)........an ordinary 100-watt light bulb with a (an ) (74)..... one. Consumers can save about US$ 7 to US$ 21 per
bulb doing so.
In European countries, when you buy some electrical goods (75)........ refrigerators, freezers, and washing machines,
(76).... a labeling scheme telling you (77)...... energy efficient each model is, so you can (78)..... a comparison between
different appliances and then choose (79)..... to buy. The final result is that these innovations will save money and help
(80)… the conservation of the earth’s resources.
71. A. not only B. both C. neither D. all
72. A. lights B. lightening C. lighting D. well-light
73. A. changing B. exchanging C. bartering D. replacing
74. A. energy-saving B. energy-saved C. saving-energy D. efficient-energy
75. A. as B. such like C. such as D. as much
76. A. it is B. what is C. that is D. there is
77. A. how B. what C. about D. the reason
78. A. do B. make C. get D. perform
79. A. the one B. something C. which one D. only one
80. A. in B. with C. for D. to
BCDA CDABCB

IV/
It (1) _____ more than you think to (2) _____ a car. First, there is the road (3) _____,which seems to get more expensive
(4) _____ year. Then there’s insurance, (5) _____ is very expensive if you are young. If you run an old car, you (6) _____
comprehensive insurance. “third party, fire, and theft” will do. If you (7) _____ lucky, your car will pass its annual MOT test.
All cars need regular (8) _____. If it breaks down, you’ve got the extra (9) _____ of (10) _____.
1. A. values B. costs C. pays D. prices
2. A. run B. buy C. get D. operate
3. A. money B. fee C. tax D. payment
4. A. a B. each C. per D. every
5. A. which B. that C. this D. what
6. A. not need B. need not C. don’t need D. don’t have
7. A. you were B. you are C. you D. you will be
8. A. service B. servicing C. serviced D. services
9. A. cost B. money C. expense D. payment
10. A. repairing B. repairs C. mend D. damage
BACDACBBAB

V/
Have you ever asked yourself what you are working for? If you have ever had the time to (1) _____ this taboo
question, or put it to others in moment of weakness or confidentiality, you (2) _____ well have heard some or all of the
(3) _____. It’s the money of course, some say with a smile, as if explaining something to a small child. Or it’s the
satisfaction of (4) _____ well done, the sense of achievement behind the clinching of an important (5) _____ I worked as a
bus conductor once, and I can’t say I (6) _____ the same as I staggered along the swaying gangway trying to (7) _____ out
tickets without falling over into someone’s lap. It’s the company of other people perhaps, but if that is the (8) _____, what
about farmers? it is the conservation in the farmyard that keeps them captivated by the job? Work is power and a sense of status
say those (9) _____ have either attained these elusive goals, or feel aggrieved that nobody has yet recognized their leadership
(10) _____. Or we can blame it all on someone else, the family or the taxman. I suspect, and say this under my (11) _____,
that most of us work rather as Mr. Micawber lived, hoping for something to (12) _____ up. We’ll win the pools, and tell the boss
what we really think. We’ll scrape together the (13) _____ and open that little shop we always dreamed of, or go (14) _____ the
world, or spend more time in the garden. Once day we’ll get that (15) _____ we deserve, but until then at least we have
something to do. And we are so busy doing it that we won’t have time to wonder why.
1. A. propose B. meditate C. consider D. launch
2. A. might B. can C. will D. should
3. A. below B. rest C. following D. latter
4. A. a work B. a job C. a task D. an effort
5. A. deal B. position C. job D. engagement
6. A. enjoyed B. wished C. hoped D. felt
7. A. make B. turn C. issue D. give
8. A. one B. case C. question D. former
9. A. people B. must C. who D. to
10. A. qualities B. status C. property D. requirements
11. A. oath B. suspicion C. breath D. pressure
12. A. move B. turn C. ease D. end
13. A. resources B. opportunities C. rest D. money
14. A. round B. over C. into D. to
15. A. ambition B. station C. vocation D. promotion
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7.D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14.A 15. D

VI/
KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE
Personal space is a term that refers (1) _____ the distance we like to keep between ourselves and other people. When (2)
_____ we do not know well gets too close we usually begin to feel uncomfortable. If a business colleague comes close than 1.2
meters, the (3) _____ common response is to move (4) _____.
Some interesting (5) _____ have been done in libraries. If strangers come too close, many people get up and leave the building;
others use different methods such as turning their back on the intruder. Living in cities has (6) _____ people develop new skills
for dealing with situations (7) _____ they are very close to strangers. (8) _____ people on crowded trains try not to look at
strangers; they avoid skin contact, and apologize if hands touch by mistake. People use newspapers (9) _____ a barrier between
themselves and other people, and if they do not have one, they stare into the distance, (10) _____ sure they are not
looking into anyone’s eyes.
1. A. from B. to C. for D. about
2. A. anyone B. nobody C. people D. someone
3. A. most B. best C. more D. first
4. A. on B. in C. up D. away
5. A. research B. studies C. survey D. questionnaires
6. A. done B. caused C. made D. allowed
7. A. that B. where C. which D. how
8. A. Most of B. The most C. Almost D. Most
9. A. like B. as C. alike D. such as
10. A. making B. make C. be D. made
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A

VII/
You've (1)........... heard someone say that the reason you caught a cold was that you were 'run down'. People generally
accept that if you are (2).......... pressure or run down you are more likely to get ill. But is this really true (3)........... is it just an
old wives' tale? The problem with old sayings like this is that it's often difficult to (4).......... whether they are true or not. For
example, if you ask people with colds whether they are feeling run down, they are (5)........... certain to say yes. People
without colds are more likely to say no. So, how do you (6).......... if it's the cold that is making them (7)........... run down or the
fact that they are run down that is making them more likely to catch a cold? Now it seems there is a scientific answer to
this question. And answer is yes - if you are run down or under stress, you are more likely to catch a cold. Scientists at the
Common Cold Research Centre ran a series of tests. They got volunteers without colds to attend the centre, where they
were first given a questionnaire to complete. The questions measured the (8)............ of stress each volunteer was under.
The volunteers were then deliberately infected with a cold virus and left to see whether they developed a cold. After many
people had been tested, the researchers looked for a (9)........ between the measured stress level and the chances of catching a
cold. They found that the higher the stress, the more likely the person was to catch a cold. At the moment it is not known why
stress makes someone more likely to become ill, but now (10)........... the link has been found, researchers might be able to
investigate further. They may even find different ways of combating disease.
1. A. perhaps B. maybe C. possibly D. probably
2. A. under B. behind C. at D. above
3. A. and B. or C. but D. so
4. A. show B. express C. state D. prove
5. A. nearly B. mostly C. almost D. surely
6. A. tell B. speak C. say D. suggest
7. A. be B. feel C. become D. get
8. A. amount B. number C. mass D. heap
9. A. combination B. joint C. link D. relation
10. A. that B. when C. because D. as
1.D 3.B 5.C 7.B 9.C
2.A 4.D 6.A 8.A 10.A

VII/
The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to, read,
write, listen, and speak. In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at a level (1) _____ for
communication, or at a level that lets one understand and communicate ideas in a literate society,' so as to take (2) _____
in that society. The United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the
following definition: “Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using
printed and written 'materials (3) _____ with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning to enable an
Individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his, or her (4) _____ and potential, and to participate fully in the wider
society."
Many policy analysts consider literacy rates a crucial measure of a region's human capital. This claim is made on the (5)
_____ that literate people can be trained less expensively than illiterate people, generally have a higher socio-economic (6)
_____ and enjoy better health and employment prospects. Policy makers also argue that literacy increases job
opportunities and access to higher education. In Kerala, India, for example, female and child mortality rates declined (7)
_____ in the 1960s, when girls who were educated in the education reforms after 1948 began to raise families. Recent
researchers, (8)_____, argue that correlations such as, the one listed above may have more to do with the effects of
schooling rather than literacy in general. Regardless, the (9) _____ of educational systems worldwide includes a basic (10)
_____ around communication through test and print, which is the foundation of most definitions of literacy.
1. A. important B. adequate C. adaptable D. suitable
2. A. control B. comfort C. part D. honor
3. A. associated B. worked C. appropriated D. related
4. A. ability B. knowledge C. behavior D. performance
5. A. basics B. ways C. foundations D. grounds
6. A. status B. request C. condition D. state
7. A. actually B. dramatically C. extremely D. accurately
8. A. therefore B. however C. consequently D. additionally
9. A. main B. majority C. focus D. demand
10. A. concept B. content C. contact D. context
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A